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US Government's Support of Free Trade, 2006.
A review of the process of building up a free trade zone for the Americas.
3,365 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of building up a free trade zone for the Americas, focusing on the five main points that have been finalized. According to this paper, the most problematic issue is getting all the countries involved to come to formal agreement in order that the conditions of free trade are improved.
Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The group also agreed that decision on trade agreements were a part of the right of nations, but at the same time, it was important to realize the enforcement of international commitments of nations. Thus for the purpose of developing trade agreements it was essential that each government takes action in line with its legislative processes and procedures so that the plan of action is moved ahead. The final point was an acceptance of the need for some of the nations to receive assistance from the bigger countries in the region and it was decided that this will be given. This was expected to help them to move ahead. (The Summit of the Americans (1994)) Thus the plan seems clear and well thought about, yet from 1994 till today, the plan does not seem to have moved ahead further and it is important to find out why such a situation has taken place and what actions will help the movement forward.
For business one has to remember that there are both good times and bad times. On certain occasions, the difficulties of business spread over many countries and since one particular country is not able to pay another country from which it would like to import goods, the importer solves the problem by stopping imports. One of such a major occasion occurred during what is now called the Great Depression and renowned economists of that time felt that an organization was required to help governments tide over their difficulties during periods of crisis so that the entire system of trade and development does not break down. This was the need for an organization like the IMF which became evident during the Great Depression that ravaged the world economy during the 1930s. (What is the International Monetary Fund?)"
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Free Trade/ Fair Trade, 2007.
An argumentative essay on the benefits of fair trade over free trade.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how those that promote free trade claim that overall production and profit is the highest good, and define efficiency and success as the ability to produce great quantities and great profit with a business. Those in support of fair trade, however, point out that productivity itself is not a good, but is only useful inasmuch as it improves the lives of the mass of people. The paper examines whether
countries should be allowed to protect their industries with tariffs or control them with regulations, despite the concerns or desires of other countries.
From the Paper
"Of these two arguments, Morris' is by far the most convincing, in part because he is far more holistic in his analysis of the situation. Irwin focuses primarily on the over-all financial gains for nations, but does not specify who those gains go to. Though he seems to believe that an overall per capita increase in national product will raise national standards of living, he seldom produces evidence to this effect and does not take into consideration that what may be true for one nation, such as Japan, would not be true for another nation which was emerging from a long history of serious economic depression (such as former colonies). Moreover, he seems to confuse personal well being with the well being of the international money market."
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Free Trade vs. Managed Trade, 2002.
A comparison of free trade to managed trade in today's global economy.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the values of free trade to managed trade. It begins by defining trade and identifying the ideal trade. The paper argues that free trade is the best policy to increase prosperity and equality in a capitalist society. It describes managed trade as the current situation, as tariffs and trade policy try to create fair grounds for commerce between two nations, as seen through the example of Japan and the United States. The writer states that protectionist policies, as used in managed trade, have been the anthem of the past and have led to war and conflict.
From the Paper
"Trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries. In order for trade to be successful, both sides must perceive that they benefit from the exchange, or the trade will not take place. In a perfect world, both parties go away from the trade happy that they have ridded themselves of something of which they have surplus, and gained something of value to them. However, in the real world, this does not happen all of the time and one party or the other walks away feeling ?cheated.?
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The World Trade Organization And Trade Policies, 2002.
Examines the effects of the WTO on government trade policies in many countries such as China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization has an effect on developing governmental policies concerning trade in many countries such as China.
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Trade Spaces in "Trading Spaces", 2002.
A representation of hegemonic masculinity in the popular television series "Trading Spaces".
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The textual analysis of the TV series "Trading Spaces" explores the possibility of interchanging gender roles in this home improvement showcase. A strong case is built on the unchanging male hegemony. However, the paper shows that the series does focus, in a particular way, on issues of gender and power, and especially on the supposedly changing nature of masculinity. Provides limitless examples from the show to exemplify gendered television.
From the Paper
"Since its launch in September 2000 as a late-afternoon show, Trading Spaces has regularly scored a 2 or 3 household rating in its universe in prime time, according to Neilson Media Research data, peaking one Saturday evening in April at a 3:2 for an episode featuring the Dixie Chicks. With that all-time household record for TLC, Trading Spaces also beat out all broadcast networks in delivery of adults 18-49 that night (the network regularly ranks in the top 10 of all cable networks in delivery of adults 18-49 and adults 25-54). By the conclusion of its third season, Trading Spaces will have taped 65 new episodes compared to last season?s 40, and can be seen in 70 million homes in America, and internationally in Canada, Japan, Australia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Foege)."
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Government Intervention in the Steel Industry, 2002.
A paper on the U.S. federal government's imposition of steel tariffs on international trade.
3,695 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This research report focuses on various aspects of the U.S. government?s imposition of steel tariffs. It discusses the benefits and costs of tariffs in general, and includes a history of government?s support of the U.S. steel industry, details of the steel tariff 2002, why it was imposed, and its repercussions, both negative and positive. The paper also describes the research report which focuses on various aspects of the U.S. government?s imposition of steel tariffs. It discusses the benefits and costs of tariffs in general, and includes a history of government support of the US steel industry, details of the steel tariff 2002, why it was imposed, and its repercussions, both negative and positive. The paper also describes the reaction of different countries including the European Union and the Asian countries to the imposition of the tariff, how they would be affected by the tariff, and what counter measures they have taken or can take in retaliation. It explores the long and short-term economic and political impacts of the measure, both at the internationally and domestic levels. The paper includes the ramifications of such protective tariffs on international trade and on the campaign for globalization and free market economy led by the United States and views of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the US move and also discusses the reaction of different countries including the European Union and the Asian countries to the imposition of the tariff, how they would be affected by the tariff, and what counter measures they have taken or can take in retaliation. It explores the long and short-term economic and political impacts of the measure, both at the international and domestic levels. The paper also includes the ramifications of such protective tariffs.
From the Paper
"The Bush administration announced the imposition of sweeping tariffs of up to 30% on steel imports to the United States for a period of 3 years in March 2002 purportedly to save the ailing steel industry from collapsing. Predictably, the action has invited particularly harsh criticism from the US trade partners that have been directly affected by the tax, i.e., the European Union, Japan, and China. Domestically too, the proponents of a free market economy have been no less critical of the measure, although the US steel industry, in general, has welcomed the move."
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Latin American Government: From Dictators to Democracy, 2002.
This paper discusses Latin American governments in the context of history and examines how and why authoritarian governments developed.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the factors that contributed to socio-economic problems in Latin America in the past , as well as looks at the sustainability of democracy in Latin America. This paper discusses the significant socio-economic difficulties based upon the faltering economies of larger trading partners, income inequality, political polarization and corruption. The writer examines how in the past dictators cared more for maintaining their own power and the privilege of their own supporters than they did for the welfare of their people and countries. The writer argues that the success and continuation of democracy depends on the patience of the people to see the long-term results of regional initiatives. This paper contends that if people support the type of government that promotes the satisfaction of the most basic of needs, well-fed and employed people will not initiate revolutions.
From the Paper
?Going into the new millennium, Latin America seems to be poised for active participation as a part of an increasingly global social and economic environment, perhaps more than other developing regions. According to the current Bush Administration, it is virtually all democratic, there are no cross-border disputes, no ethnic conflicts, and there are no immediate threats of terrorism to the West coming from the area (Associated Press, 2002).Security cooperation has been shown in confidence-building measures among historical rivals in the region and peacekeeping operations in Central America and the Caribbean. Terms such as multilateralism, regionalism, consensus, and convergence appear in descriptions of hemispheric relations released by the World Bank and other entities sharing a belief in the positive potential of these factors.?
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Motorola & U.S. Government, 1999.
Examines national & global implications of dispute over cellular phone technology. Looking at trade imbalance, the Japanese economy, politics, market access, government intervention and the currency crisis.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 21 sources, £ 90.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the events and circumstances surrounding a dispute between the U.S. government and the multinational American public corporation Motorola over the issue of the opening of the Japanese market to American cellular telephone technology. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which the dispute arose in 1994, including its major political and economic factors, and then to discuss how the set of issues involved in the dispute were shaped toward resolution.
With global business activity virtually mandated in the modern world on account of the revolution in telecommunications and transportation, issues of foreign trade and international law and the implied clash of cultures accompanying them, need to be understood: "Emphasis is placed on the business enterprise as it .."
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Government Intrusion in Modern Society, 2005.
A review of the parallels in Orwell's '1984' & 'Animal Farm', Huxley's 'Brave New World' and Bradbury's 'Fahrenheit 451'.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four examples of 20th century dystopic fiction, criticizing the government and government related issues. The four books reviewed in this paper are George Orwell's '1984' and 'Animal Farm', Aldous Huxley's 'Brave New World', and Ray Bradbury's 'Fahrenheit 451'. The theme that is common to all is the warning that the intrusion of the government into our lives, no matter how well intentioned, will always end badly. These books all contain an element of a society that, at one point or another, traded its freedom for an increased sense of security.
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FTA, NAFTA and the Government of Canada, 2002.
A look at the effect of free trade on Canadian industrial relations.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 17 sources, £ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of FTA and NAFTA on Canadian industrial relations. More specifically it assesses changes in the government's role in industrial relations. It conclude that national government's have largely surrendered their autonomy and independence to transnational corporations and supra national bodies such as GATT and the World Bank.
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International Trade, 2007.
An analysis of current international trade patterns and government methods used to promote and restrict trade.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international trade patterns and trends, specifically the relationship between trade and world output. It also discusses the methods governments use to promote and restrict international trade. The paper then discusses the consequences of the nations of the world cutting off trade with one another. It gives examples of what the repercussions would be in the United States and in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Trade and World Output
Patterns of International Trade
Cutting off all Trade
From the Paper
"Island nations would be most hard-hit by a cessation of trade however. Japan, for example, although it has one of the world's most developed agricultural sectors, is land-poor. Japan has little farmable land compared to its high population. It cannot grow enough wheat, soybeans, or other major crops to feed all its citizens and has one of the lowest rates of food self-sufficiency of all industrialized countries. ("Economy and Industry," 2006, Explore Japan) It must import a high percentage of its food from abroad, and food is already prohibitively expensive in Japan. Japan also must import a large percentage of its energy resources, and were these resources not available from abroad, its manufacturing sector would be substantially curtailed unless other methods of production using sources of power such as electricity or solar power could be deployed to fuel the industry, as Japan does not even have access to much untapped fossil fuel."
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WTO and Global Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the views that support and are critical of global trade and the World Trade Organization.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the free trade that it supports. The paper presents and discusses the debate over the WTO and free trade and presents the views of those who support it and are critical of it. It examines the fundamental inequality in global trade that is fostered by the WTO and suggests that global trade serves to support the wealth and power of a global economic elite.
From the Paper
"As this example suggests, while global trade and its associated wealth may be expanding rapidly - a process which the WTO seems to support - in many cases this expansion serves to promote inequality on a global scale instead of shared prosperity. When we consider that only 1/200th of the price of an average coffee beverage is actually paid to the original harvester of the crop, we can understand the extraordinary profits made at different middle stages of the trade before coffee is actually consumed in the wealthy markets of the world. The expanding and highly profitable global trade in coffee thus allows us to understand that while trade may expand and greater wealth is created as a result, this does not necessarily have to be equally or fairly distributed wealth. In fact, in many cases, global trade seems to support greater inequality."
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Double Standards of the World Trade Organization, 2004.
Looks at how the rules designed by the World Trade Organization to govern international trade are biased against poor nations.
1,509 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the World Trade Organization's bias against the poor and how it almost exclusively favors the rich. The paper also looks at how the major players in the WTO system do not abide by the very rules that they have created.
From the Paper
"The recent Cancun round of negotiations within the WTO, regarding especially agricultural subsidies, showed that finally the developing countries starting with giants such as India and Brazil, preponderantly agricultural countries with significant contribution to world trade, backed up by China, could finally make a common point and a stand still against the European Union and the United Stated. The strange and somewhat revolting point of discussion is that, while boasting liberalization and free trade, the EU and the United States spent an approximated $300 billion in subsidies, almost all of them going to agriculture. Isn?t a subsidy a way to ignore the free trade boasted as the main program by the WTO? Of course, you do not use taxes to raise imported goods prices, but you follow a reverse pattern and use subsidies to lower national goods prices and make them more competitive on the foreign market."
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Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs), 2005.
This paper examines if preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are trade diverting or trade expanding.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the cost of trade diverting because of the efficiency costs of regional trade arrangements is larger than preferential trade agreement (PTA) proponents recognize. The author points out that these costs arise because (1) the claim that regional trade arrangements minimize trade diversion by grouping natural trading partners is wrong and because (2) the volume of trade flows between countries, another popular indicator, is not a good proxy of naturalness. The paper concludes that these two critiques of the static welfare effects of preferential trading arrangements suggest that the trade diverting effects are likely to be larger and the trade-creating effects are likely to be smaller than proponents of PTAs claim.
Table of Contents
Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs) through Free Trade Arrangements
Whether PTAs are Trade Expanding or Trade Diverting?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), an initiative that brings together nineteen countries on both sides of the Pacific, was launched in 1989. The apparent shift in world trading arrangements has generated debate within policy and academic circles about the implications for global economic welfare. One set of protagonists in that debate, including high profile members of Clinton's economic team, such as Lawrence Summers, actively promotes PTAs."
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