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Goddess Flora.
This paper discuss the Roman Goddess, Flora, the goddess of fertility, of whom a statue dating back to the year 14 C.E., stands in the Vatican.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the statue of Flora embodies Roman contradictory attitudes towards female fertility and sexuality; sexuality was desirable for familial propagation, but female liberality in the sexual sphere was something Roman society wished to contain. The author points out that Flora, like most Roman deities, has a counterpart in Greek mythology called Chloris, who was mainly known as the relatively minor wife of the West Wind Zephyr, but Flora, who became much more important than the West Wind in Rome, was not Zephyr's wife, but his consort. The paper relates that the connection between sowing and open sexuality might be why prostitutes adopted Flora's festival as their own because, in an interesting twist, at an agricultural festival meant to honor the flowers, land, soil, and toil of farmers, part of the festival honoring Goddess Flora was held during the night, so prostitution became a more important component of the celebration.
From the Paper
"Flora wears a transparent-like garment that emphasizes and conceals the nudity of her figure in its artful drapes and beckons the gazer in a friendly and alluring way. Her palm turned open, as if making an offering. She wears a garland of flowers in her hair, as is typical of all statues of the goddess Flora. She strikes the viewer as both sensual, yet also motherly, traditional and womanly. She is nude and provocative in the way she extends her grasping hand to the gazer, but not intimidating in her beauty."
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Gods and Goddesses in 'The Odyssey', 2008.
This paper discusses "The Odyssey' by Homer, concentrating on the subject of gods and goddesses.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the poem "The Odyssey" by Homer. Specifically, the writer discusses the various ways Homer made use of gods and goddesses in the story, and how they intervened in the lives of the mortals. Throughout this epic journey, Homer uses gods and goddesses to reward Odysseus for his bravery, loyalty, and belief in the gods and goddesses. Homer also uses gods and goddesses to illustrate that even the strongest mortals are no match for the gods when it comes to everything from epic battles to choosing when to return home. The writer concludes that Homer's use of the gods and goddesses in "The Odyssey" is a tribute to the belief systems of the time, and the ideas that the gods and goddesses have complete and absolute power over mortal men.
From the Paper
"The gods are constantly interfering with Odysseus during his journey back home, as well. Poseidon wrecks his ship out of anger, but often, it is his men and their lack of belief that gets in the way of his journey. For example, the men open the bag of wind that Aeolus, the god of winds, has given Odysseus to ensure his safe journey home, which ends up driving the ships far from their destination. Later, the men ignore the gods' warning and slaughter cattle belonging to the sun god Helios, and this leads to the shipwreck where all of them die. Homer is illustrating what happens when you do not listen to and appreciate the power of the gods. Odysseus does not question their wisdom or authority, and so, he survives. His men are constantly questioning and challenging the gods' authority, and they pay with their lives. This is a lesson for all mortals who read the story and do not accept the power and glory of the gods."
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Medea as a Mother/Goddess, 2003.
A look at the Mother/Goddess as a tri-figured being to whom Medea is related in different aspects throughout the play.
1,332 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Goddess Medea to the tri-figured Mother/Goddess. The virgin, mother, and icon images of the Mother Goddess all relate to Medea in different ways throughout the play. The paper includes in-text citations with bibliography.
From the Paper
"The Mother/Goddess is a manifestation of the overwhelming feminine attributes of the world in the first religions. The religions portray the power of the Mother/ Goddess to be both the creator and the destroyer of life. She also represents time, the creator of fate and provider of all destinies. The Mother/ Goddess is all knowing and spiritually represents wholeness and one complete cycle. The Mother/ Goddess represents the irrational aspects of life and nature with intuitive wisdom. Medea exemplifies all of these points as she learns of Jason?s deception. She then shows each aspect of the Mother/ Goddess as she sets her plan to murder the princess, the king and her children to destroy the life Jason has made for himself with his new bride.
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The Goddess, 2001.
This essay discusses gender roles of specific goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 20 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology. The author discusses how they were worshipped in polytheistic cultures, how goddesses were portrayed as virgins, mothers, wives, always in relation to male counterparts. The paper looks at such goddesses as Hera, Demeter, Gaia, Aphrodite, Artemis, Athena, and more.
From the Paper
"Long ago, the image of the goddess appeared. Stone was carved and bone modeled after a reflection of a maternal figure. Her curvaceous body and falling breasts seem to be humanity?s first tangible image of life. From the beginning, the Great Mother was associated with nurturing and life giving. This notion, of Mother Earth as the bearer of all that is living, and the provider of sustenance of life, dates back to a time when we as humans, regarded ourselves as children of nature, and nature as divine, Baring & Cashford, The Myth of the Goddess. London : Penguin Books, 1991. pg. 5. Myths corroborate that women and goddesses were responsible for the discovery of food cultivation and ultimately the preservation of life. While the primacy of the goddess and the idea of the goddess as the creator are not seen in all civilizations, many do show evidence towards this sort of belief."
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The Goddess in the Hindu Tradition, 2002.
An exploration of the significance of the Goddess within the Hindu tradition.
4,192 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
A very involved and thorough examination through both primary and secondary textual sources of the figure of the Goddess within Hindu tradition. A history of Hinduism and the development of its deity plurality is outlined, with specific reference to the many and varied female deities. A more detailed history of the development of goddesses is included, outlining the symbolic and mythical purpose of the female figure to the male figure. The Shakti principle is discussed, along with specific Hindu philosophy as found in the numerous Puranas, or Hindu texts. The importance of the female aspect in life as creator is highlighted specifically in regards to the Tantric tradition. The paper's final conclusion outlines the underlying, two-fold way in which the Goddess has gained theological significance within the Hindu tradition.
From the Paper
"Goddesses have been worshipped throughout the world for thousands of years. However unlike most cultures, goddess worship persisted within the Hindu tradition and continued in to modern times using a combination of both traditional and original forms. Today goddesses exist alongside masculine deities as some of the most important figures within the Hindu pantheon. The Hindu tradition itself has not remained unchanged however. What is understood as ?Hinduism? today has been the result of a dynamic and ever-changing tradition which continues to evolve and adapt as time progresses. The nature of this spirituality is therefore such that it almost becomes impossible to identify one religion or one tradition that can be truly identified as ?Hindu.? Similarly, the concept of the goddess figure within this tradition has also changed, her theology evolving to reflect the differing stages of the Hindu tradition. As such, the significance of the goddess today does not reflect an accurate account of her historical place within this tradition. To discover the significance of the goddess today an exploration of the development of Hinduism is necessary, as well as an understanding of the transformation the goddess figure underwent from individuated identity to unified ?goddess? energy. This will thus lay the foundation for an examination of the two prime theological functions to which the goddess became attached for within the Hindu tradition."
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Goddesses, Agriculture, and Religion.
This paper discusses the move from truly cosmic religion of the goddesses to the modern monotheistic religions.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that possibly modern monotheism arose not merely as a competitor with goddess worship, but as a reaction to the fundamental nature of goddess worship. The author points out that the shift to agriculture may have been made possible only through the civilizing influence of women who used their sexuality to manipulate men into settling down and, in so doing, provoked an unintentional backlash. The paper speculates that agriculture always arose from goddess worship, terminated in god worship and drifted slowly towards monotheism; therefore, some causality between these two must exist.
From the Paper
"If women created agricultural civilization and maintained it through a regime of restricted sexuality, then there may be some sense in the old Judeo-Christian myth that Eve?s own punishment would be that ?thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee...? (Genesis 3:16). Male-oriented monotheism and patriarchy might both have easily arisen in this environment as a reaction not so much to Goddess worship as to overwhelming female power, which had stripped from men the easy freedom of his hunter-gatherer ways and forced him into an uncomfortable civilization. In conclusion, this scenario, though strange and removed from what one expects of history, explains why the goddess would have moved from a place of worship to a place of denigration, despite supposedly giving such gifts to mankind, and as an explanation of why monotheism might be allowed to develop."
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Goddess Worship, 2006.
This paper discusses the history of goddess worship from prehistoric times to current Wiccan and pagan beliefs.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that archeology and linguistic findings indicate that goddess worship in various forms has taken place since the Ice Age. The author points out that many experts believe that, during biblical times, as Christianity and Islam began to evolve, almost all pagan goddess worship was driven from society and religion, thus creating patriarchal societies with women subservient to men. The paper relates that more recently goddess worship has enjoyed a renewed popularity through (1) the spiritual practices of pagans and Wiccans and (2) the women's movement.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Biblical Times Arrive
Keeping Them Down
Marija Gimbutas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Goddess worship began long before any formal records were kept but there have been stories and illustrations throughout history that indicate goddess worship began in prehistoric times. From the beginning of time, mankind began to divide itself into societies that had two types of humans, the hunters and the gatherers. Humans are the only animal species on earth that understand life it finite. It ends and people die. Out of that understanding came the foundation for religious principles and practices."
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The Goddess Maat, 2005.
This paper discusses the way the ancient goddess Maat might benefit society.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ancient goddess Maat might benefit society if the myth and ritual associated with her in ancient times were re-introduced into contemporary culture. The author points out that Maast is viewed as the creator of all life, the Goddess of truth, balance and order. The paper focuses on how this reintroduction of her myth and rituals would cause conflict due to contemporary social, gender, religious and legal perceptions.
From the Paper
"The Ancient Egyptian goddess Maat was worshipped throughout Egypt. Maat translates as that which is straight and Maat was often considered anything that is true ordered or balanced. Maat was thought to chart the daily course ..."
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The Mythological Goddess, Isis, in Egyptian Art, 2004.
A paper looking at how the mythological goddess Isis became an Egyptian art icon.
678 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the mythological Goddess, Isis, and her maternal influence on art. The paper looks at how she became an Egyptian icon, idolized in art because she represented the feminine aspects of life: creation, rebirth, ascension, intuition, wifely fidelity, healing, magic, love and compassion. According to the paper, Isis possessed great skill in magic, loyalty to her husband, womanly power and maternal protection, all represented in artifacts.
From the Paper
"The Egyptian culture had an amazing ability to preserve their past because their civilization focused on a strong religion-based mythology. This mythological faith was prominently observed in relics of art. The prevailing mythological Goddess Isis was among the most important illuminating and inspiring Goddess displayed in Egyptian art. Her influence in mythological tales caused her to be an Egyptian icon because she represented the feminine aspects of life; creation, rebirth, ascension, intuition, wifely fidelity..."
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Goddesses in Ancient Mesopotamia and Greece, 2002.
A look at the role of goddesses in ancient Mesopotamia and Greece through a literature review of their portrayal.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is on the "comparison the role of goddesses in ancient Mesopotamia and Greece". It explains the roles they had and if they had similar functions in the Mesopotamian and Greek sources? Considering Ninsun, Ishtar, Thetis, Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. It is primarily based on the "Epic of Gilgamesh", the "Odyssey", and books I, VI, and XII of the "Iliad".
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Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, 2005.
A look at the characteristics of the main gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt.
3,178 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies some of the major gods and goddesses worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. It discusses gods such as Isis, Osiris, Nephthys and describes their personal relationships with each other and their qualities.
From the Paper
"First, there was God Ra. He was also called Re. His title was the Sun-God. It is known that he was the creator of the world. Ra was also known as the Father of all Gods. It is from him the other Gods and Goddesses were created. He was known as a symbol of life, rebirth, children, and health. Ra was associated with three aspects, which are the same as the positions of the sun; Amen at dawn, Re in the evening, and Set at dusk. He was believed to be involved in the daily crossing of the sun in the Heavens. He was represented as a man with a falcon-head or a ram-head. In the second millennium, Ra was combined with God Amun, and at that time the God who was praised was Amun-Ra."
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the Goddess Pele, 2002.
This paper discusses the Goddess Pele in Hawaiian mythology.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes feminine thought through the volcano goddess Pele in Hawaiian mythology. The author assesses the history of women in this island culture. The author believes that women were respected greatly by their male counterparts.
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"Rebirth of the Goddess", 2002.
This book by Carol P. Christ examines the many ways in which women use the 'Goddess' imagery.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reports the book stresses that female spirituality has been ignored by a patriarchal system. The author believes it can be rediscovered in people's spiritual understanding. The paper reviews the author's emphasis that women's religious experiences usually involve a more holistic approach to the world, which corresponds to an emphasis on ecological matters.
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Greek Goddesses, 1987.
Discusses the role of women in Ancient Greek society. Examines historical/mythological overview, archetypes, symbolic powers, social relevance and examples.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 85.95
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From the Paper
" The relationship between Greek goddesses and women in
ancient Greek society; the historical underpinnings of
Greek mythology; the archetypal meanings of the goddesses.
Historical Overview
a. Matriarchal mythologies as predecessors.
Replacement of matriarchal mythologies with
patriarchal mythologies.
c. Fragmented power of the Greek goddesses.
III. Greek Goddesses and Arch (...)"
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