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Globalization, Integration & Outsourcing, 2005.
A review of globalization as an economic model, financial integration and the benefits and downfalls of outsourcing on the economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the spread and effect of globalization as a world economic model to facilitate commerce and financial integration. Additionally, the ill-effects of globalization are examined, such as outsourcing, which entails the migration of operations overseas to foreign borders. Outsourcing is particular savage for advanced economies such as the United States where first the manufacturing and production jobs migrate only to be replaced later by service and technology positions later.
From the Paper
"Globalization is the economic catchphrase of the 21st century. People use it to explain many things but when asked to define it, the term often defies explanation. One source defines globalization as: The integration of the world's culture, economy, and infrastructure driven by the lowering of political barriers to transnational trade and investment, and by the rapid proliferation of communication and information technologies. The term is often used in reference to the substantial impact of free-market forces on local, regional and national economies. (Globalization, Commanding... 1) The key points in the given definition would seem to be culture, economy, and infrastructure, since globalization is often blamed or praised for phenomena within each of these areas. Culture, because globalization tends to blur delineations between them; economy because globalization appears to benefit the more efficient economies; and infrastructure because the mechanisms of communication, transportation, and knowledge transfer facilitate it."
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Global Outsourcing, 2006.
This well-researched paper analyzes the manner in which the changing global economy has increased the demand for the outsourcing of low cost labor.
2,734 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic motives to the passage of free trade agreements in which trade barriers have been reduced and the demand for low wage labor has increased. As a result, many domestic jobs have been sent overseas while American workers have been displaced. This paper delves into both sides of the labor dispute in which workers argue that the practice of outsourcing is unethical while companies claim the practice is both economical and vital to compete in the global market. This paper examines various solutions to solve the ongoing conflict including implementing a reform system offered by Senator Kerry and detailed in this report. This paper also contains a chart which compares the labor wages in India and America.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Story of a Displaced Worker
American Companies that Use Overseas Labor
The Growth of Free Trade and the Affects on Domestic Employment
The Economic Impact of Global Outsourcing
The Practicalities of Outsourcing to Positions Overseas
How Global Outsourcing Affects Various Parties
Societal Impact
Proposed Solutions
References
From the Paper
"Foreign workers benefit from global outsourcing because they enjoy economic prosperity. For example, since Indian firms only interview at the top 40 universities, a 2003 report by the Indian Technology Trade Association predicted falling demand for professional services by as many as 235,000. However, global outsourcing contracts from companies like the United States have led to the mass hiring of recent Indian college graduates. Their salary is twenty to thirty percent higher than prevailing wages. Such industries that have grown tremendously over the years include: intellectual technology, research and development, telecom, banking, diagnostic, pharmaceuticals, and automotive. Since more disposable income has been created, retail has also grown tremendously. Retail stores such as Tommy Hilfiger and Wal-Mart are expected to open a number of chains within the next several years. These stores will employ more Indians and increase consumer spending."
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Outsourcing and the Global Economy, 2000.
This paper argues against outsourcing and considers it is a determent to the global economy.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, although free trade as represented in the outsourcing question is by nature emotional, the truth is the artificial barrier to trade in labor is counterproductive in many senses because it keep prices high for consumers, wastes resources and perhaps stifles innovation. The author points out that outsourcing American jobs is a necessary component of inevitable economic free trade. The paper contends that many people feel that globalization, which is Adam Smith's "invisible hand" at work on a global scale, is inevitable regardless of its intentions.
Table of Contents
Introduction
American Popular Attitudes toward Globalization
Must the United States Participate in Free Trade?
The "Invisible Hand" in the Globalized World
Outsourcing: A Necessary Component of the Global Economy?
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Consider, for example, that many generations of dairy farmers may have stayed on the family farm, raising cow after cow even if no one needed the milk. Further consider the possibility that those farmers may have better used their time to learn an "in demand" skill, or that even their land and financial resources could have helped to meet a real market demand in another area. By not offering an artificial incentive to stay in business (the subsidy), product would not have been over-produced and wasted (perhaps an environmental impact), new and in-demand skills would have been acquired, real demands would have been met, and the price for those demands would have fallen (helping the consumer). Thus, by removing the artificial barrier to real and free trade (perhaps influenced by political pressure), economic well-being is ensured for all parties."
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Global Outsourcing Benefits Everyone, 2005.
Argues that outsourcing on a global scale is beneficial to everyone, although precautions should be taken.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that when companies in wealthy countries take advantage of the lower cost of labor in poorer countries, everyone benefits. Such outsourcing increases jobs in the poorer countries, focuses the resources of rich countries on more profitable industries, and enhances the spending power of everyone's income by producing goods and services at a lower cost.
From the Paper
"Changes in industry that leave people jobless have never been popular. From an individual's standpoint the cost savings that result from outsourcing American jobs to countries where the cost of labor is lower ..."
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Outsourcing-The Problems and Solution, 2008.
A discussion on the effects that outsourcing has on globalization, labor and salaries.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper inquires whether outsourcing and off-shoring does in fact lower salaries in the countries that utilize it, in order to decrease production costs. The paper then analyzes this question and diagrammatically presents the solution and explains the demand and supply labor versus the remuneration concept, relative to this subject. The paper also explains the resultant outcome of outsourcing and how it affects salaries. The paper concludes that globalization encourages people to seek areas of employment internationally where one can expect higher remuneration.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic logic of outsourcing
How are wages affected?
The logic of globalisation
The effect of outsourcing and off shoring on wages
From the Paper
"Globalization changes its dynamic from an economic issue to a social issue by embracing a framework that identifies that international labor mobility is an important aspect of globalization. The movement of people is still a very questionable aspect of globalization, since there are many questions in relation tow hat would be a realistic multilateral system for coordinating and managing migration? What kind of regional and international cooperation is needed to respond to emigration pressures in many low and medium income countries? In addition to the existing international standards on migration, what other measures could be taken at the national, regional, and international levels to better protect migrants?"
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IT Outsourcing, 2007.
A discussion of the advantages of outsourcing in information technology.
4,798 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 35 sources, APA, £ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of companies outsourcing projects, especially in the area of information technology. Outsourcing is defined and reasons are given why a company may decide to use outside contractors over in-house employees. Various countries that have profited from outsourcing are listed, followed by a discussion of how outsourced jobs may affect the US economy. Globalization as it relates to outsourcing is analyzed. Next, the paper devotes a large section to IT outsourcing, which includes a list of the benefits of this way of doing business. The paper concludes by acknowledging the role of management in making an outsourcing project successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Outsourcing defined
Outsourcing in Developing Countries: the Aftermath of Globalization
Table 1. The Role Played by the Developing Countries in Trade and Capital Flows
Table 2. Regional perspective on the Effects of Globalization.
Table 3. The Effects of Globalization in Selected Countries
Global IT Outsourcing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are many reasons why outsourcing or contracting out work is more preferred rather than developing in-house talents. First, it is seen as more cost-effective (Domberger, 1998)-for example, a contracted personnel from other countries require only smaller salary because of the certain standardized salary scheme within the country; second, to cut cost and refocus resources (Holt, Kennedy, Rehg & Ward, 2002) . A large company with numerous personnel with no specific work is the same with a company with smaller personnel but with specified work. This was done through outsourcing of different functions from different sources. And third, lower investment in internal infrastructure (Reaser, 1996), it will be built instead to the outsourced country. "
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Outsourcing of Jobs in the United States, 2006.
A review of the affect of global outsourcing on the US workforce.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in recent years the business practice of outsourcing jobs has been considered both a blessing for American business and a concern for the American worker. Outsourcing for business appeared to be the answer to globalization and the ability of American business to remain competitive in the marketplace. The paper further discusses how outsourcing also led many American workers to suddenly find themselves unemployed, especially in the area of manufacturing. Supporters of these two sides to the issue have continued to argue the merits and harm that is evident in outsourcing, as the practice grows across the globe. It is evident, however, that in a modern society in which globalization is a reality of business, outsourcing will remain a factor that affects all American lives.
From the Paper
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Hershey's and Outsourcing, 2008.
An examination of how globalization and outsourcing are affecting business ethics at Hershey's.
3,041 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how globalization has impacted almost very aspect of organizational discourse. It specifically focuses on how access to cheaper labor has prompted intense competition between organizations, forcing many US companies to seek better financial outcomes through outsourcing. The paper focuses on the case of Hersheys and its recent outsourcing of jobs and how this affects business ethics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Current Operations at Hershey
Evaluating the Organization's Operations
Discussion/Conclusion
From the Paper
"When all of the issues are examined from both sides, the true complexity of business ethics is elucidated. Even when organizations attempt to develop policies that meet the best interests of stakeholders, the end result is the development of policies that meet the real world conditions of operations. Unfortunately, as organizations begin to expand their operations into the international arena, the scope of conditions that are necessary for operations becomes much wider, creating considerable challenges when it comes to assessing the ethical validity of specific decisions. Although Hershey may appear to be engaging in unethical practices according to US standards, the reality is that the organization is simply taking the steps needed to ensure that the organization produces profits for its stakeholders. In the end, one could argue that this is the central focus of organizational operations."
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Outsourcing, 2005.
A discussion about whether global outsourcing of human resources is good for both countries involved.
2,242 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Outsourcing of production and service activities from more industrialized and developed countries of the world to the less developed and developing countries of the world is gaining widespread attention. This paper discusses the various benefits and disadvantages of outsourcing on a global level and explains that free trade and globalization might eventually create a global society where standard of living is more equalized and markets are no longer defined by geographical boundaries.
From the Paper
"In a global economy there is an increasing trend of companies looking for cheaper and more effective ways of managing operational costs. The consequence of this strategy has an eventual bearing on final profits that can be generated by an organization. Scottish economist Adam Smith, as far back as the 18th century, first proposed the concepts of free trade. He propounded on the benefits that could be engendered by harnessing the best competitive advantage of any market. A number of variables had to coexist however to make this concept a reality."
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Outsourcing, 2004.
An analysis of the management strategy of global outsourcing.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global outsourcing, which is the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities that are traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. It is explained as a management strategy by which an organization delegates major, non-core functions to specialized and efficient service providers. The paper explores the considerable debate over the impact of international trade and outsourcing on income inequality in the United States and Europe. The paper contends that, because of the notion of comparative advantage, outsourcing is expected to improve economic efficiency and raise aggregate welfare in all countries.
From the Paper
"Global outsourcing is the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities that are traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. It is a management strategy by which an organization delegates major, non-core functions to specialized and efficient service providers, or as Corbett, a leading consultant on global outsourcing asserts, "outsourcing is nothing less than the wholesale restructuring of the corporation around core competencies and outside relationships" (Corbett, 1999). The traditional global outsourcing emphasis on tactical benefits like cost reduction - cheaper labor cost in low-cost countries - have more recently been replaced by productivity, flexibility, speed and innovation in developing business applications, and access to new technologies and skills (Wild et al., 1999)."
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The U.S., Outsourcing and International Trade, 2008.
This paper discusses international trade, outsourcing and the effects of outsourcing on domestic jobs.
3,838 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at research that shows how the vast majority of job losses do not involve the foreign relocation of work at all. The paper addresses the positive effects of outsourcing, including the creation of additional domestic jobs and its benefits to international trade. The paper provides a case study analysis regarding outsourcing in India and concludes that outsourcing is likely to be a good thing for the U.S. economy and for international trade.
Outline:
Introduction
Reasons for Outsourcing
Actual Rate of Job Loss Attributable to Outsourcing
Positive Domestic Effects of Outsourcing
Benefits to International Trade
Outsourcing Case Study in India
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few years the United States economy has emerged as a growing economy, dramatically and irreversibly impacting the global market. One of the most significant impacts of this growing economy lies in the area of outsourcing to foreign countries. The United States government and large corporations view outsourcing as a method of enabling international trade to prosper and allowing industries to grow. This economy has an international impact in regard to the recent trend in outsourcing and off-shoring; many domestic headquartered companies are now turning to outsourcing manufacturing and production to drive down costs."
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Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper is a complete quantitative research project, with an extensive literature review, that explores the impact of outsourcing on the American worker and the American economy.
19,940 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation
From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."
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Globalization of Manufacturing, 2008.
This paper discusses perception versus the reality of globalization in manufacturing.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of both the perception versus the realities of global manufacturing. The writer points out that the reality of outsourcing is that it is a global business dynamic that reflects a company's need to follow the lowest cost of manufacturing, service and support around the globe. In addition, the writer notes that the Internet has forced the responsibility of global competition on previously parochial, regionalized businesses. The writer concludes that that the Internet and globalization has forever changed the face of global competition, and that offshore outsourcing is going to continue and grow due to cost advantages.
Outline:
Summary
Financial Implications for the U.S. Regarding Outsourcing
Offshore Outsourcing Has Become the Political Football of Choice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The key take-away from the debate at the CEO Forum was not necessarily how key economic indicators are defining varying degrees of growth or lack thereof in the American economy. Rather, the discussion made one very glaring and uncomfortable fact true; unions and their usefulness are quickly losing relevancy, and in a globally competitive arena, labor costs will make or break the long-term competitive strength of any nation. Artificially inflated labor rates, as Ford Motor Company has done for example, are a strategy that no longer works as the auto company's recent financial performance proves. Jobs and professions that require brains over brawn and muscle dominate high growth professions, and while Democratic party officials worry about the loss of their constituents from unions, the broader fear that needs to be confronted is equipping the next generation of American workers with the intellectual tools to compete, not simply an attitude of entitlement that tends to pervade households where multiple generations have been in unions."
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The Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, 2008.
This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing key business processes.
4,344 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 35 sources, APA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing key business processes and details what can be outsourced and which companies should outsource. The paper presents the framework that companies use to prepare and implement an outsourcing plan. The paper shows how companies' needs for compliance, today's challenges of complexity and the need for driving down costs have created a foundation on which outsourcing will continue to flourish. The paper includes diagrams and a table that outlines the concepts of outsourcing as appendices to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction to Outsourcing
The Advantages of Outsourcing Key Business Processes
The Disadvantages of Outsourcing Key Business Processes
What Can Be Outsourced? Who Should Outsource?
Critical Steps to Prepare and Implement an Outsourcing Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Having begun primarily in the IT industry and today progressing into many functional and process areas of companies, including manufacturing, outsourcing is now a global economic factor that is influencing entire nations' economies. Originally defined as the subcontracting of information systems processing including the more routine and easily transferred tasks and processes (Espino-Rodriguez and Padron-Robaina 2006) which were the least risky to subcontract out for completion, outsourcing today is now being increasingly trusted with the more complex, more risky processes in organizations, including global trade financial services, and distributed order management."
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