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Gender and Entrepreneurship in the U.K., 2005.
Examines the disparity between men and women entrepreneurs in Britain.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The woman who heads her own company is no longer something exceptional. This paper shows, however, that there is still a disparity in the number of entrepreneurs and businesses run and owned by men compared to women in the United Kingdom. It also shows that a definition of entrepreneurship does not reveal any logical or innate reason for this disparity.
Paper Outline
Introduction and Definition of Entrepreneurship
Comparison between Male and Female Entrepreneurs
Women as Entrepreneurs
Factors in the Advancement or Retardation of Women Entrepreneurs
Pros and Cons
Bibliography
From the Paper
"One of the main factors that militate against women launching their own business concerns is lack of access to the necessary capital. According to IBM-sponsored research, published by Strathclyde University in collaboration with the National Foundation for Women Business Owners, there are specific problem areas in terms of the financing process. This is especially the case with "raising start-up finance and using guarantees to support external finance as well as obtaining adequate on-going finance." Another area that was pointed out was the development of effective relationships with bankers; "recent research has sought to determine if banks operate unwitting or deliberate differential lending policies with respect to female borrowers.""
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The Case of Kimura K.K., 2007.
This paper is an analysis of the international business case involving the Japanese company, Kimura K. K., and the Australian company Pramtex.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pramtex has lost one of the most significant and influential Japanese customers, Kimura, and risks losing other business opportunities in the Asian market because of negative fallout of Pramtex's relation with Kimura. The paper considers whether Pramtex can possible save retain Kimura as a customer and save its image among other Asian corporations. The author concludes that Kimura could be re-included in Pramtex's portfolio; however, the time needed for this achievement is going to be quite long because the Japanese company's bitter taste is too recent to be forgotten. The paper stresses that all employees of the company must understand that appropriate interactions with partners are an issue that has at least equal importance to having the best products.
Table of Contents:
Problem Definition
Situational Analysis
Main Strengths
Multiple Weaknesses
The Main Opportunity
Two Major Threats
Identifying, Evaluating and Choosing Alternatives
From the Paper
"Pramtex's main problem is Kimura's refusal to place a second order for three more Spartacus machines. Despite being enthusiastic about the quality and quantity of the outcome achieved by the new system implemented at the factory in Osaka, Mr. Kimura, the company's president, chooses to opt for other manufacturers in order to purchase the machines needed at his factory in Taiwan. The fax that John Reef (product manger and Pramtex representative in Japan) receives is quite confusing because it doesn't contain the reasons for such a sudden change of attitude."
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Cross-Cultural Gender and Gender Relations in Horticultural Societies, 2002.
This paper examines the gender roles in horticultural societies.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper shows the difference that agriculturists, sedentary lifestyles, and social differentiation made in gender relationships.
From the Paper
"The first evidence of agriculturists, sedentary lifestyles, and social differentiation that archaeologists and anthropologists have distinguished come from groups termed Horticulturists. Though the past record remains relatively scant in regards, anthropologists have used existing ones as a locus of study and interpretation. More numerous than surviving hunter-gatherer groups, horticultural societies also show an incredible range of gender diversity between groups, more numerous, in fact, than any other extent societal model. The quantity of studies that has come as a result of this are astounding. Those done in the area of New Guinea alone, home to at least two hundred different horticultural societies, provide ample evidence to add weight to the debate of nurture over nature, by sheer examples of the differences in living and understanding gender roles in such a relatively small and homogenous environmental area. "
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Gender Issues and Third Gender Problems, 2002.
A look at how transsexuals fit into society.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper discusses gender from anthropological perspective and finds out how transsexuals are treated in different societies of the world. While males and female may fight each other over who is stronger, they are the fortunate ones for they belong to two accepted genders but for transsexuals adjusting to the norms of restrictive societies may not be easy as they are not considered a part of the social fabric in many cultures of the world.
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Gendered Technologies and Gendered Jobs, 2002.
A comparison between women studying and working with computer technology and the sciences in North America and women studying science and technology in Asia.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 81.95
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Abstract
Explores how the gendered development of technology in a research setting impacts the gendered use of technology in the industrial or commercial setting, as well as the cultural barriers to women's advancement in the high-tech economy.
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Gendered Criminology Theory, 2008.
An examination of the theories of crime and gender put forward in the article, "Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered
Theory of Female Offending," written by Emilie Steffensmeier.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines gendered criminology theory. It specifically analyzes the article, "Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered
Theory of Female Offending," written by Emilie Steffensmeier. The paper discusses the content of the article and looks at the author's views and arguments related to theories of crime that take into account female and gender difference.
From the Paper
"Possibly the most significant of the key components is the focus on contextually. This aspect has been largely ignored by other theoretical approaches. The study is also significant in the incorporation into its theoretical framework of gender roles and stereotypes in the explanation of crime. For example, the significance and utility of the gendered perspective as advocated by this theory can be seen it its ability to explain why the reportage of female crime is highest in the category of minor offences, such as shoplifting ands passing bad checks. This aspect is seen against the tendency for women to focus on relationship aspects and protection of their families, whereas these crimes in a male context are largely the result of status protection. It is felt that this gendered theory holds a great degree of promise for future exploratory understanding of this complex issue"
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Gender Roles in Two Plays, 2002.
This paper examines the way in which two plays - "Tea" by Velina Hasu Houston, and "S.A.M. I Am" by Garrett Omata - treat the issue of gender and gender roles.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the issue of gender and gender roles have been a major theme in Western literature for some time and how it takes on a somewhat different tinge in Asian-American theater, no doubt because of the gender differences that exist in the East as opposed to the West. It shows how in Asian-American theater, gender differences are often depicted in generational terms, with a sharp contrast developed between those who have immigrated here from the East and those who were born here, or between those who can adapt and those who cannot. This paper contrasts "Tea" by Velina Hasu Houston, a drama, with "S.A.M. I Am" by Garrett Omata, a comedy, and shows how the plays treat the same issues in different ways.
From the Paper
"Houston develops her story with four women, Japanese wives of American military personnel. They are living on a base near Junction City, Kansas, far from their Japanese roots. Their lives are difficult because of long periods of separation from their husbands and harsh living conditions, and in addition, they experience a degree of social alienation and homesickness as well as cultural shock. Some develop feelings of anger at their situation and resentment at having had to give up their own culture and adapt to another. Himiko is the central character and the woman who is not able to make the transition successfully, leading to the murder of her husband and her own suicide. This takes place before the play begins so that she is talked about even as her spirit appears to comment on the proceedings:.."
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Entrepreneurship, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of the various forms of entrepreneurship, and the importance of entrepreneurship to American society.
27,942 words (approx. 111.8 pages), 50 sources, MLA, £ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at entrepreneurship, the various forms of business enterprise and the impact entrepreneurship has on American society. The paper reviews, explains and discusses the various forms of entrepreneurship focusing on the properties and requirements of each.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Abstract Chapter I.
Introduction
Background Information
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Significance of Research
Chapter II.
Literature Review
The role of the Entrepreneur in Starting and Operating a Business
The Major Forms of Conducting Business
Sole Proprietorships Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with a Sole Proprietorship
Statistics related to Sole Proprietorships
Partnerships
General Partnerships
Limited Liability Partnerships
Joint Ventures
Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with Partnerships
Statistics related to Partnerships
Corporations
Sub chapter
Corporations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with Corporations
Statistics related to Corporations
Limited Liability Company (L LC)
Non Profits and Cooperatives
Non Profit Organizations Cooperatives
Agricultural Cooperatives
Credit Unions
Food Cooperatives and Buying Clubs
Housing Cooperatives
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonprofits and Cooperatives
Types of For-Profit Businesses (Franchising and Ecommerce) Franchising Factors associated with Franchising
Advantages of Franchising
Disadvantages of Franchising
Ecommerce
Advantages and Disadvantages
Financing the Business
Equity Financing
Debt Financing
Barriers to Entrepreneurs and Obtaining Financing for Small Businesses Employees
Marketing
Chapter III. Methodology
Chapter IV. Results
Chapter V. Discussion and Conclusion Recommendations
From the Paper
"The author explains that housing cooperative make up the most significant sector of Cooperatives in California and many other states (What is a Co-op). Housing cooperatives are unique in that they are actually corporations that are owned by members or shareholders who are then able to receive housing from the cooperative (What is a Co-op). As it relates to housing cooperatives each member owns a share in the corporation, which allows them to live in a unit of housing (What is a Co-op). This type of cooperative is usually financed through a large mortgage that includes the entire property (What is a Co-op). These mortgage payments and operating expenses are paid for through member carrying charges (What is a Co-op). Housing Cooperatives usually come in the form of condos, townhouses and apartment buildings. Many cooperatives were initially created to supply affordable housing and ownership opportunities for low and moderate income individuals (What is a Co-op). Housing cooperatives usually receive public subsidies to ensure affordable carrying charges (What is a Co-op). In addition, the share prices in housing cooperatives are usually low, and member households are not allowed to own more than one share (What is a Co-op). To maintain affordability and prevent speculative resale, there are also price restrictions on the sale of shares."
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Gender and Sociology, 2006.
This paper explores gender identification and roles through a variety of angles.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how man defines himself in terms of gender. Several theories of gender identification are presented, each within its own particular field. The author gives examples of the biological basis of gender, the psychological basis, cultural perspectives, and socially constructed theories. Additionally, the main character from "Six Degrees of Separation" is used as an example of gender identity through social constructs. The paper concludes that gender is continuously defined through a lifetime of experiences.
Outline
Biological Arguments Gender
Psychological Theories of Gender
Cross Cultural Perspective and Gender Identity
Socially Constructed Gender Theories and Gender as a Social Institution
Six Degrees of Separation
From the Paper
"Kimmel suggests that gender is not something that someone is born with but rather is a social institution that people create as a result of interaction, beliefs and values. Gender is an institution that people either widely accept as one way or another. Within any given society there are cultural norms that people identify with and that help shape their behaviors, values and beliefs. Gender differences thus can be easily created as an institution and can be representative of inequality when that inequality is supported or constructed by society at large (Kimmel, 2000). Kimmel suggests that inequalities are created as norms and arise within relationships, within families and even in the workplace or any other environment in which people work intimately (Kimmel, 2000). "
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Gender Discrimination in the Canadian Workplace, 2005.
An examination of gender discrimination in the Canadian workplace and a person's right to chooses their gender.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how, when people discuss gender relations, specifically gender discrimination in the Canadian workplace, they usually conduct their discussion on the presumption that there are only two genders - male and female. The writer proposes that gender relations have become much more complex than this, and the paradigm of just two, opposite genders is increasingly being challenged. The paper analyses some of the repercussions of this aspect of gender relations in the Canadian workplace. There is a rising tide of gender activists who are questioning the binary paradigms that pervade our thinking about gender relations, e.g. man OR woman, gay OR straight, etc.
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Gender as Performance, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of Judith Butler's perspective on gender as performance while reviewing her article "Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire".
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that explaining and critiquing Judith Butler's notion of gender as performance requires examining her article, "Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire" and comparing Butler's views to those of other feminists and sociologists. The writer points out that Butler's notion of gender as performance is primarily based on her interpretations of Foucault and Nietzsche and can best be described as calling upon women to challenge the language of internalization by physically signifying their very essence, style, and necessity. The writer concludes that Butler's approach to formulating a feminist language involves overcoming cultural constructs of gender by redefining gender as performance and rejecting outmoded forms of expressing gender identity and sexuality.
From the Paper
"In practical terms, this means that acts, gestures, and expressions of desires create the illusion of a socially conformist gender identity, which reflects society's determination to regulate sexuality in accordance with traditional standards of acceptable conduct and behavior."
"Through insights such as this, sociologists like Butler have contributed to a broader understanding of gender issues, for they have studied unexamined aspects of gender such as the sexuality of women who have desires considered to be on the margins of society, and have examined manifestations of gender behavior that lie outside the traditional areas of social interaction. Some of their conclusions have stirred controversy, but this is to be expected in a prevailing social and cultural environment which discourages frank discussions about sexuality."
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Gender Socialization, 2002.
A paper which examines the role of gender-specific toys on gender roles in society.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that gender roles are perpetuated and learned through gender socialization and that toys are considered a type of gender socializing agent. The paper argues that social formation of gender by the means of toys is detrimental to the whole equity of society, because it reinforces gender differentiation and sexism. The paper gives several examples of toys which promote gender-specific messages such as baby dolls and play make-up for little girls. Finally, the paper looks at ways to reverse gender stereotyping in our society and shows how several toy manufactures are shedding the gender stereotypes on their products.
From the Paper
"Thus, gender distinctions imposed by societal culture and framework define the behaviors of male and female individuals, which are arranged in a pattern. Women cannot do the things prescribed for men, and vice versa. Hence, we observe that toys are a form of gender socialization, which in turn, transmits the gender roles. In turn, gender roles contribute to cultural and social framework, which are imposed upon newborns through the socializing agents, such as toys. This forms a cycle that explains how gender role socialization reflects and constitutes the framework of the American society."
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Gender and Upward Influence: An Indian Study, 2008.
A look at a study by K. Asha, A. Mahfooz, and R. Himanshu, that was carried out on interactions between Indian male and female workers, entitled "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study".
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and critiques the research study, "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study", hypothesizing that in Indian mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The paper explains that study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment and contradicts previous studies that indicate little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace. The paper also explains that the study uses a combination of survey methodology to prove eight separate hypotheses and includes interviews.
Outline:
Description of the Experiment
Independent and Dependent Variables
Sampling Used
Reliability and Validity of the Experiment
From the Paper
"Gender will become an increasingly important issue in the Indian business world, as businesses continue to hire greater numbers of women to fill the labor void created by an expanding market. This research study hypothesizes that in mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment (Asha, Mahfooz, & Himanshu, 2006). This study contradicted previous studies that indicated little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace."
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Sex Has Been Gender All Along, 2007.
An examination of the re-framing of the concepts "sex" and "gender".
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper re-frames the concepts of "sex" and "gender". In this paper the term "sex" refers primarily to biological traits, while the term "gender" refers to the behaviors associated with a particular biological sex, rather than merely the biological sex itself. The paper shows that the existentialist Simone de Beauvoir was one of the trailblazers who opened up this field, while Judith Butler completely re-framed the concepts of "sex" and "gender." The paper then points out that Butler's re-framing moved the spotlight from a subject self with a biological sex/gender, to a performance of gender. The paper also looks at how this re-framing of "sex" and "gender" has had the consequence of freeing gender expression from previous restrictions - at least theoretically. The writer concludes that no gender positions are natural, or entirely dictated by biology. Rather, they are all constructed.
From the Paper
"Up until around the middle of the 20th century, it was almost universally believed that gender is assigned by biology, so that maleness inevitably implies masculinity, and femaleness inevitably implies femininity. It was also widely assumed that all infants are born clearly and indisputably either one sex or the other, and that once they reach sexual maturity they will inevitably and universally wish to choose a sexual partner of the opposite sex. This group of assumptions is sometimes referred to as biological essentialism (Butler; Fausto-Sterling, Sexing the Body; Salih)."
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