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Fannie Mae Scandal and Corporate Governance, 2004.
Details the recent corporate governance scandal at Fannie Mae and the changes in corporate governance that were made as a result.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The Federal National Mortgage Association or Fannie Mae, a government chartered company, provides mortgages for low-incomes persons. Following an introduction, this paper provides information about Fannie Mae, including background information on the corporate governance scandal where top executives manipulated accounting to hit targets and receive lucrative bonuses. Thirdly, recent changes in corporate governance including the Sarbanes Oxley Act are discussed. Additionally some recommended changes in corporate governance at Fannie Mae are included.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Background of Fannie Mae Scandal
Issue
Recent Changes in Corporate Governance Which May Help Elevate Problems
Recommended Changes in Corporate Governance for Fannie Mae
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Corporate governance, or the way a company is managed, can make or break that company as well as affect lenders, stockholders, and the market as a whole. Corporate governance is best defined as the means by which stockholders ensure that officers and directors will act in the best interest of the corporation instead of in their own best interest. Corporations set up a board of directors and appoint officers to run the company, although the true owners of the company are the stockholders whose money is at stake. It is the officers which play a substantial role in determining whether or not stockholders get a return on their investment. Stockholders entrust the officers to do what is right for the company as well as keep them informed of the financial state of the company through proper reporting. Although the corporation has significant control over the reporting process, there are strict rules which it is required to follow. Sometimes, however, accounting principles are violated by corporate officers in order to increase their own compensation in the form of bonuses".
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Fannie Mae, 2002.
This paper discusses Fannie Mae Loans (FML).
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper contains a detailed description of the process of obtaining a Fannie Mae Loan, and who qualifies for a FML. The author explains,who funds the loans. The paper reveals the positives and negatives of Fannie Mae.
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Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac, 2002.
Using the example of Freddie Mae and Freddie Mac, the paper looks at the effects of indirect government subsidies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of government indirect subsidy to mortgage and securities sector of the economy and how the effects could be demonstrated through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
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Changes in Corporate Governance, 2006.
An examination of the Fannie Mae scandal and the recent changes in corporate governance.
3,407 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the scandal that surrounds the Fannie Mae company (also known as The Federal National Mortgage Association), which is a U.S. government chartered company, providing mortgages for low-income persons. The author looks at the Fannie Mae company together with its rival Freddie Mac as accounting for half of America's home mortgages. The author proceeds to detail the scandal that surrounded the Fannie Mae company as a result of the accounting strategy which helped the company hit its earnings-per-share targets and rewarded the top executives generously. The author also details the response of Fannie Mae to the findings against them. The paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which was instituted to try and prevent these sorts of scandals in large corporations. Finally, the author concludes that with the deadline of the new Sarbanes-Oxley Act, there will probably be more significant changes in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of Fannie Mae Scandal
Fannie Mae's Response
Issue
Recent Changes in Corporate Governance Which May Help Elevate Problems
Recommended Changes in Corporate Governance for Fannie Mae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, Fannie's assertions may not have been completely true. As regulators began to look into Fannie Mae's accounting records, it was discovered that Fannie Mae was plagued with many of the same problems present in Freddie Mac. "Armond Falcon Jr., top federal regulator of the two home mortgage financing agencies, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, accused Fannie Mae officials of pervasive and willful misapplication of standard accounting rules." (Toedtman, 2004, p. A57) Targets of the investigation for mismanagement were the top two offices in the company. At the management helm of Fannie Mae is Chief Executive Office Franklin D. Raines, who served as White House Budget Director during the Clinton administration, followed by the Chief Financial Officer, Timothy Howard, who has the primary responsibilities for fiscal management."
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Fannie Lou Hamer, 2001.
This paper looks at the life of civil right activist Fannie Lou Hamer through an examination of the book "For Freedoms Sake, The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer" by Chana Kai Lee.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this paper we are given some insight into the lives of African-Americans in the South during their fight for civil rights and equality. There were many women who joined the struggle and this paper looks at the contribution of one of these women.
From the Paper
"The deplorable injustices experienced by blacks in America prior to and during the civil rights movement era were intolerable. Racial equality reform was sorely needed. Many civil rights advocates surfaced to better the conditions for blacks, but were met with a tide of persecution. One of these activists was Fannie Lou Hamer. The compelling story of Fannie Lou Hamer is a testament to the tenacity of the human spirit. The book, "For Freedoms Sake, The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer" by Chana Kai Lee offers an insightful chronicle into the life of this brave fighter for equality."
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Fannie Lou Hamer, 2007.
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Fannie Lou Hamer.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist who was a grass roots leader of the southern Civil Rights movement. The paper provides a biographical sketch about Hamer and explains that the differences between her and other prominent civil rights activists are based on the fact that Hamer was an ordinary person. The paper describes the violence, coercion and many trials Hamer faced as a poor, dark black woman with little education.
From the Paper
"One of the most striking figures associated with the civil rights movement is a black woman from rural Mississippi that left a lasting impression in the minds of the nation. This woman was an outspoken and vital asset to civil rights for blacks in the south and especially with regard to the right to vote and the right to representation. Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist was a grass roots leader of the southern civil rights movement, beginning her career as an activist by making a bold attempt to register to vote in a region of the United States where countless legal and social obstacles were placed in front of her, as she was black and she was a woman."
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Fannie Brice: Baby Snooks Forever, 2002.
An overview of the success of the Baby Snooks radio show.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper is to examine the wide and long range appeal of the Baby Snooks radio show that was very popular from inception on the Broadway stage until the after the second world war.
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Fanny Brice, 2007.
This paper analyzes the life of Jewish comedienne Fanny Brice.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life of Fanny Brice, a legendary performer in the 1920s and 30s who performed on Broadway, in burlesque and in the famous Ziegfeld Follies. The paper shows how Fanny Brice was a remarkable entertainer and woman. The paper relates that she was incredibly talented and learned how to perform by gauging her audience and finding what worked for her own personality, looks and talents. The paper notes that she was one of the first successful Jewish comediennes who is still remembered for her wit and outrageous characters.
From the Paper
"Fanny Brice was born in New York City in 1891. Her parents were immigrants who owned saloons, and her real name was Fania Borach. She began performing early in her life, and aspired to be a serious actress, but her Semitic looks always forced her into character parts. In fact, while she often sang humorous songs with a Yiddish accent, in reality she did not even speak Yiddish (Editors, 2006). She was also tall and skinny, which made her stand out from most of the chorus girls of the time, who were more statuesque (Sorel, 1986, p. 81). In 1906, she won an amateur night contest at a famous vaudeville theater at the age of fourteen, and her career in the theater got its start. She dropped out of school after the eighth grade to concentrate on her career."
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Fanny Flagg's "Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe", 2002.
This paper is a review of "Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe" by Fanny Flagg, which discusses family, women, and race.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Fanny Flagg set her novel, "Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe", in a small Alabama town in the 1930s and jumps to a 1980s Birmingham nursing home. The author believes that it is a story of life, of friendship and love, told through the long-ago voices of the women of the Whistle Stop Cafe. The paper stresses that Idgie and Ruth have a deep love for one another, which is the heart of the novel.
From the Paper
"Evelyn Couch has come to the nursing home with her husband Ed to visit his mother, an ill-natured woman. Evelyn has escaped to a waiting area of the home and is devouring candy bars when she first meets Ninny, who sits herself down next to Evelyn. She begins, "Now you as me the year somebody got married...who they married...or what the bride's mother wore, and nine times out of ten I can tell you ...but for the life of me I can't tell you when I got to be so old...It just sort of slipped up on me" (Flagg 3). As Evelyn continues eating candy bars, Ninny continues to ramble on and starts to tell the story of the lives and friendships of the Whistle Stop Cafe."
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Fanny Jackson-Coppin, 2001.
A look at the life, times, and work of the first African-American woman school principal.
2,585 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 16 sources, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper profiles the life of Fanny Jackson-Coppin, the first African American woman to become a school principal in the U.S. The paper chronicles her life from birth to education at Oberlin College and professional career as principal at the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia.
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Mae West, 1994.
Life, career, major roles & legacy of this American actress/sex symbol.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 8 sources, £ 66.95
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From the Paper
" It is interesting to note the absurd places where the battle lines of freedom are sometimes drawn: the cost of tea in Boston, a funny-looking house painter from Austria, a busty lusty "belle dame sans merci" named Mae West. Mae West, nee Mae West (nobody ever had to invent an interesting bio for her), was the vaudeville comedienne who conquered Broadway in the 1920s, saved Paramount Pictures in the 1930s, and - almost single-handedly - took on the censors of artistic freedom with every movie she made. And to look at her legacy now: almost forgotten beyond nostalgia for a "camp queen," her pictures dated and denuded of their controversial context, remembered in the 1990s primarily as a warning of what Madonna threatens to become. Nevertheless, for a brief period in the 1930s Mae West was the line in the sand drawn between those supporting "decency in America" and those.."
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Housing Market Analysis, 2006.
This paper analyzes the nature of home ownership in America, which has drastically changed over the years.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the dramatic shift in the U.S. housing market. The writer contends and explains why one's home is no longer viewed as an asset but rather an investment, which can be milked regularly for cash by way of second mortgages and home equity loans. The ease in the availability of money and its comparative cheapness has led to a inflation in real estate prices. This paper examines how the face of home ownership has changed and become a case of renting from lenders as opposed to direct and full fledged ownership. This well-researched paper details the process of home financing, which is handled by the Federal Home Loan Bank System, created by the government in 1932. This paper details the events the pushed the government to create both the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac organizations. This paper explores the manner in which these two leading organizations, in the field of secondary residential mortgage markets, package and sell loans to home owners, much the same way as stocks and bonds are traded on Wall Street. The writer delves into the governmental policies devised to increase home ownership, most of which include using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
From the Paper
"The weakness comes from the feeling that contingent mortgage obligations are second only to treasury bonds and at the same time are not totally supported by the US government. When the interest rates change, as it happened in 1990s with a dot com share which went beyond all reason, the markets suddenly rose and fell. Then the Federal government team had to cut interest rates very sharply back to get the market thinking logically again. Yet the drop in interest rates makes the investors feel that they have lost money, and at that time they had concentrated on homes and real estate. The government has not been able to control the imagination of the people, and the next dream has been on its way. This is reflected in the statement of Chairman Greenspan to Congress in the last two years to control Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac better."
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Real Estate Investments, 2007.
A discussion on how to fund real estate investments.
11,417 words (approx. 45.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 116.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how it is in the field of internal or corporate finance that most innovation has been shown by property development companies over recent years. The range of devices, instruments and techniques has appeared endless, with many American mainstream corporate financing practices being adapted and adopted in global financial markets. The paper examines mortgages for residential properties and discusses what they are and how to obtain one.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Mortgages in Common Law
Traditional Mortgage Funding
Federal Housing Administration
Veteran's Assistance and Fannie Mae
The Development of Mortgage-Based Securities
What Are Mortgage-Based Securities?
Chapter Summary: Obtaining a Mortgage
Step-By-Step Guide
Funding For Commercial Real-Estate
References
From the Paper
"A careful review of how capital can be raised on the stock market is beyond the scope of this chapter; however, it is important to note that there are two types of new issue by which this can be achieved. First, the bringing to the market of companies that have not previously been quoted. Second, the raising of additional capital by companies already quoted. The former will normally be effected by an 'offer for sale', whereby an institution such as a merchant bank buys a block of shares from the existing shareholders and offers them to the general public at a fixed price; by a 'placing', where an institution may buy the stock or shares and arrange for the placing of the issue with various funds or companies known to be interested; an 'introduction' when a company already has many individual shareholdings and Stock Exchange quotation simply provides a public market for shares that previously could only be dealt in privately; or a 'tender', which is exactly the same as an offer for sale except that the price of the shares is not fixed in advance."
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Government-Sponsored Enterprises, 2005.
An analysis of the role of government-sponsored enterprises in America.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the United States GSE set up, specifically the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac firms. It looks at how the two mortgage giants played a crucial role in the 1980s and 1990s by helping to create an investor market for mortgage-backed securities, enabling home buyers to enjoy lower interest rates and easier credit terms while contributing to record homeownership rates.
From the Paper
"Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSE) were created by Congress in an effort to provide the home-mortgage market with financing. GSE's provide a variety of functions in the United States mortgage industry such as personal credit, alternative mortgages and education on mortgage and housing affordability ("Who We Are" para. 2). The American government established Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to buy up billions of dollars worth of mortgages every year. Government-sponsored enterprises guarantee repayment of loans. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac enterprises acquire funding by issuing agency bonds and bundle the home loans into mortgage-backed securities. Agency bonds are considered risky, especially when compared to U.S. Treasury bonds. The majority of treasury bonds are held primarily by large institutional investors. "
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