| Papers [1-14] of 14 | Search results on "ECONOMETRICS": |
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Three Financial Econometrics Articles, 2008.
Reviews three related financial econometrics articles.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews three articles that discuss some form of financial risk modeling methodology. The articles discussed are "Model-Based Stress Test: Linking Stress Tests to VaR for Market Risk" by Carol Alexander and Elizabeth Sheedy, "Risk and Probability Measures" by Phelem Boyle, and "Realized Volatility and Correlation" by Anderson, Torben, et al.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Article Reviews
Alexander, Carol and Elizabeth Sheedy. "Model-Based Stress Test: Linking Stress Tests to VaR for Market Risk".
Boyle, Phelim. "Risk and Probability Measures."
Anderson, Torben, et al. "Realized Volatility and Correlation."
From the Paper
"Volatility is the focus of all risk modeling in financial analysis because the greater the volatility the greater the risk of the investment or a portfolio exhibiting a high degree of volatility. Anderson et al, in "Realized Volatility and Correlation" describe how volatility has come to dominate risk modeling literature and that this literature has increasingly focused on "higher-frequency data". Thus begins these researchers' quest to attempt to match actual volatility levels with more accurate forecasting techniques."
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Econometrics and Deterrence: Does Crime Pay?, 2003.
An analysis of how Gary Becker's economics of crime remains a pivotal model in criminology today.
3,136 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in the last quarter century, the U.S. has experienced a drop in both crime rates and arrest rates and how many criminologists have speculated on the reasons for this drop in crime. It shows how Nobel Prize winner, Gary Becker, in his work, "Crime and Punishment, An Economic Approach," was the first economist to explain the theory of deterrence as a function of econometrics and how, according to Becker, if the punishment costs the criminal more than the crime benefits the criminal, then the criminal will rationally be deterred from committing the crime. It looks at how, although the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victims Survey support Becker's economic model of crime, scientists have struggled to prove Becker's model with sound, empirical research.
From the Paper
"The deterrence/incapacitation argument is important for legislation such as "three strikes you're out" in which after three convictions a prisoner receives automatic jail time. If deterrence is not a key factor, the threat of incapacitation does not work. By definition, incapacitation is a by-product of deterrence. Without incapacitation, deterrence would not be a workable theory. Levitt concludes in his paper, that incapacitation may imprison the majority of people who would commit crimes no matter what, however, incapacitation without deterrence may make others more likely to commit crimes, who otherwise may have been deterred (Levitt, 370) increasing rather than decreasing arrest rates."
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Econometrics, 1997.
A mathematical analysis of economic problems. Discusses advantages, goals, methods, models, applications and limitations.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 24.95
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From the Paper
"APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
When mathematical methods and statistical techniques are applied to the analysis of economic problems and issues, the term usually applied to the process of applied economics is econometrics (Ekelund & Hebert, 1991, p. 372). The goal of econometrics is the development of valid, reliable, and value free predictive models of economic phenomena.
Alan Greenspan (1991, p. 52), Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, stressed the importance of econometric models as a means of providing a clear understanding of economic events. He argued that the greatest advantage of a "fully articulated model is that it helps the forecaster keep track of the interrelationships among the primary variables of interest" (Greenspan, 1991, p. 53). Within the context of this argument, he ..."
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Econometrics Method: On Religion & Crime, 2006.
A discussion regarding the relationship between religion and crime.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the question regarding religion and its correlation to crime. The paper discusses how in terms of economics, the prevalence of crime in a particular geographic area deters fiscal growth and contributes immensely to the decay and deterioration of a community and a society. The paper further discusses how, when it comes to religion, a community of religious inhabitants contributes to the economy since if, it is seen as a haven of peace and order, the resources spent on crime prevention, prosecution and rehabilitation can best be put to more productive means such as recreational and educational facilities for the community.
From the Paper
"The question of religion and its correlation to crime, and vice versa, is always and important and interesting topic not only in terms of this economics paper but in other areas of studies as well. Economics wise, the prevalence of crime in a particular geographic area deter fiscal growth and contributes immensely to the decay and deterioration of a community and a society. On the matter of religion, a community of religious inhabitants contributes to the economy since if it is seen as a haven of peace and order, the resources spent on crime prevention, prosecution and rehabilitation can best be put to more productive means such as recreational and educational facilities for the community. A caveat to the previous statement is that the religion being discussed is in general terms considering we have seen religions that promote hatred and violence-this should be considered more an exemption than the rule!"
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Applied Econometrics, 2004.
An explanation of least squares regression using a linear regression model.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This essay talks about a linear regression model in ordinary least squares regression, the problems that may arise in an OLS model and how it can be fixed through generalised least squares. Generalised Least Squares (GLS) regression is used when problems occur in OLS estimation. The paper includes graphs and formulae supporting the analysis.
From the Paper
"Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is a common tool used for economic forecasting when analysing time series and cross-sectional data. It is quite common as it is one of the easiest ways of estimating parameters in a simple or multiple regression model. Generalised Least Squares (GLS) regression is used when problems occur in OLS estimation. Such problems will cause are estimators to no longer be the Best Linear Unbiased Estimate (BLUE) or efficient and so it is necessary to use a transformed model. In this essay I will show how both OLS and GLS are derived through equations and discuss the problems that may occur under OLS estimation and why it is more suitable to use GLS to estimate a linear model when certain problems occur."
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Econometric Analysis Process, 2002.
A look at the econometric analysis process and its relevence to a coffee shop case study.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
A paper on the econometric process and its analysis in lieu of the Coffee Shop case analysis.
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Econometric Model for Toyota and GM, 2008.
A discussion of the sales and profits of Toyota and General Motors (GM) and a look at the likelihood of Toyota surpassing GM in the near future.
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the speculation surrounding the business model of Toyota and the likelihood of Toyota surpassing General Motors (GM) in the near future. It identifies the necessary economic model that will explain this phenomenon. The paper then gives accurate predictions surrounding the future trends of sales and profits for both companies. It provides graphs to illustrate its points.
Table of Contents:
The Competitiveness of Toyota and GM: Implications From the Model
Toyota's Price Elasticity: How Can Toyota Sell More than GM at a Higher Price?
From the Paper
"Toyota's fleet of hybrid cars is so expansive and popular, that the consumer preference factor favors them. Since the society is generally becoming more 'green'; Toyota has seen substantial increases in the quantity demanded of these cars. Also, consumers who don't necessarily buy Hybrid cars may affiliate some philanthropic notion in regards to Toyota's current strategy and still prefer to buy automobiles from the company.
"The price of gas is a major determinant within this model, as the price of gasoline continues to increase, there is the expectation that the quantity demanded of automobiles in general will fall, however companies like Toyota that market cars with higher miles per gallon, may not face the most significant decrease in the quantity demanded as GM."
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Wal-Mart Stores, 1994.
Demand forecast for firm's products. Overview of national economic conditions & analytic models (time series, barometric economic indicator & econometric) & applications to firm. Includes tables.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, £ 37.95
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From the Paper
" DEMAND ESTIMATION AND FORECASTING
Introduction
This research estimates the demand for the goods and services offered by the Wal.Mart chain of retail stores. Demand estimation for the firm's products is performed by forecasting the firm's sales. Sales are forecasted through the application of three separate procedures..time series analysis, barometric economic indicator analysis, and econometric analysis.
Economic Developments
Wal.Mart Stores, the world's largest retailer, operates an expanding chain of discount retail stores in 49 of the 50 states of the United States (Tucker, 1994b, p. 1653). The rapid growth strategy followed by the firm is a major factor in the continued growth in the demand for the company's products because the."
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Economic Forecasting, 1994.
An examination of business cycles, short- and long-term, techniques (judgmental, econometric, indicator-based), and productivity and consumption.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"Economic forecasting has long been an area of interest because of its connection with high finance, fortunes won and lost and the criticality of economic trends for the social and political welfare of the country. Numerous public and private organizations are devoted to the production of regular economic forecasts, and heavily funded research projects seek more accurate and reliable models on which to base these forecasts. While much attention is focused on the area of economic forecasting, and numerous computerized models have been developed to predict economic performance, the reliability and accuracy of these models has come into question, in large part because of the importance of the economic forecast to everyday activities. This research examines the business cycle, the current basis of economic forecasting, and short and long-term methodologies of..."
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Business Statistics, 2005.
Examines the use of statistics in the business world.
1,327 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
Business statistics can be considered a branch of science that enables one to make the right decisions. This paper shows that business statistics have uses in many areas, including financial analysis, econometrics, auditing, production, and operations, such as the improvement of services and marketing research.
From the Paper
"Acquiring skills in Business Statistics enables one to make analysis of data and take decisions using a gamut of statistical analysis packages or programming environments. Business Statistics wields a high level of influence in high-level, strategic analysis of real-world areas of difficulty across the boundaries of disciplines. We see a lot of collective actifity in fields such as risk in financial markets, the modelling of the choice of consumers and behaviour of corporates, and in the creation of indices to measure political risk. Such activities have only enhanced the importance of Business Stattistics. (Welcome to the Discipline of Econometrics and Business Statistics)"
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the debate over whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes. It examines both sides of the debate in order to determine if the death penalty is an effective deterrent to crime or if it is simply a waste of taxpayer money. The paper presents sociological studies supporting both sides of this aspect of the death penalty debate.
Table of Contents:
Comparative Studies
Econometric Studies
How do we Decide Who is Right?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand, opponents cannot disprove a causal relationship either. However, the burden of proof is not upon them. If they can discredit the argument of the other side by presenting conflicting results and inconclusive evidence, then their argument is supported by default. The original research question was whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. If one considers the lack of positive proof, then the answer would have to favor those that say it does not. Therefore, one could support the position that due to a lack of substantial evidence that the death penalty deters crime, the practice of the death penalty must be reconsidered in support of less severe punishment. Those that oppose the death penalty do so based on a lack of evidence that it deters crime. This argument is logical, even in light of lack of evidence to the contrary."
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Foreign Aid and Economic Development, 2005.
A literature review of the effectiveness of foreign aid in promoting economic development in the developing world.
4,873 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 39 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to survey the available body of research done on the effectiveness of foreign aid as an agent for economic development of recipient countries, most of which come from the third world countries. In particular, it aims to assess how strong the empirical evidence is that aid has been an effective agent for economic growth. In so doing, it attempts to identify areas where future research is required.
Outline
Overview
Introduction
Econometric Models Used In the Literature
The Poverty Trap Model
Anti Aid Literature
Pro Aid Literature
Qualified View
Observed Gaps in Existing Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since its birth right after World War II when the United States of America (USA) released billions of money to assist Europe (Sogge, 2002) in reconstructing the latter's economy, foreign aid has been assumed to directly induce or at least influence economic development in a recipient country. Most donor rhetoric perpetuates this association (World Bank, 1998). Many studies have been undertaken to try to assess if aid actually fulfils its main objective, that is, to promote macroeconomic development in developing countries. After half a century characterized by some serious changes in world economy and politics (i.e. breakdown of Communism, globalization, terrorism), the link between foreign aid and economic growth remains at the center of debates on aid effectiveness."
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Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League, 2005.
This paper discusses and a study titled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" by Eric Pick.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a study by Eric Pick called "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" that attempts to develop and apply an econometric model to the issue. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues.
From the Paper
"The study by Eric Pick entitled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" is an attempt to develop and apply an econometric model to the subject at hand. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues. The same basic issues do apply to different types of sports leagues, and efforts to apply a salary cap have been part of major sports leagues for some time. In 1994, a threatened basketball strike led to an agreement that involved salary caps, among other provisions. In that case, as an end to the players' union was threatened, the players... "
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Co-integration, 2004.
A research study using co-integration analysis to study the relationship between the stock index cash and futures market in relation to price discovery.
3,752 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
Co-integration has come to represent an econometric data analysis method that has been utilized to determine the long-run equilibrium relationships among nonstationary economic variables. This paper uses co-integration analysis to determine the relationship between the stock index cash and futures market in relation to price discovery, market stability, and market efficiency. The data for the study was collected from the Athens Derivatives Exchange S.A. (ADEX), with the main data for the study being the returns of the FTSE/ASE-20 futures and spot index. In order to study the relationship between the ADEX stock index cash and futures market in this paper, daily closing price returns of the FTSE/ASE-20 Index are considered for the period from 3 January 2000 to 27 July 2003. The paper includes several graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Data
Methodology
OLS Results
Co-integration Results
References
From the Paper
"GARCH modeling represents an important data analyses procedure as it provides a means of further understanding and modeling volatility, taking into account excess kurtosis (i.e., fat tail behavior) and volatility clustering, two important characteristics of financial time series. It provides accurate forecasts of variances and covariances of asset returns through its ability to model time-varying conditional variances. As a consequence, the application of GARCH models has been identified as useful in risk management, portfolio management and asset allocation, option pricing, foreign exchange, and the term structure of interest rates."
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