| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY HISTORY PRISON": |
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Eastern State Penitentiary: A History in Prison Reform, 2001.
A complete history of the construction of Eastern State Penitentiary and an exploration of the famous inmates and stories that are associated with the prison.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 25 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
A detailed paper that outlines the history of one of Philadelphia?s national historical landmarks, Eastern State Penitentiary. The author describes the history of its philosophy and construction, as well as facts regarding the massive penitentiary.
From the Paper
"Construction began on May in 1822. The penitentiary received its first prisoner in October of 1829, though the prison would not be completed until 1836. Eighteen-year-old Charles Williams was Eastern's first prisoner, sentenced to two years for theft. The identity of Charles Williams disappeared, there was now only prisoner number one in his place. As he was walked to his cell, a black hood was placed over his head, to protect his identity and to help minimize escapes. The only person to see an inmate was a guard who brought meals to an inmate, which were deposited through a slot in the door. The walls were eighteen inches of thick stone. Pastors and ministers would make rounds to Eastern State on a weekly basis, reading scriptures and preaching sermons, but even for this, inmates remained in their cells. Inmates were not allowed to converse, whistle, sing, or even know who the president was at the time. Any inmate not obeying these strict rules were deprived of dinner that night. However, during the exercising sessions, inmates would throw pebbles over the walls with a note attached to communicate with other prisoners."
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History of the American Prison System, 2004.
An overview of the history of the American prison system.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The primary purpose of this report is to present a succinct and chronological rendering of the American prison system from its beginning, also considering its present-day status and its future. Along the way, the report reflects upon the more crucial issues surrounding the American prison system with respect to philosophy, need, and future direction.
From the Paper
"From dungeons of medieval times to honor farms of the twentieth century those who are jailed and those who are the jailors have been at opposite sides when facility standards are concerned (Morris and Rothman, 1997). Those who set policy are oftentimes influenced by public opinion and government regulation. For the incarcerated the support most often comes by way of special interest groups and family. Although differences might well occur local, state, and federal government agencies have attempted to put into action a standards action program that covers the security, cost, and staffing of each jail facility."
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History of Prisons, 2005.
This paper examines the prison system in the U.S. since the late 1700's up until today.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the prison system in the United States since the late 1700's up to the present day. The paper looks at the changing philosophies about incarceration and its purpose.
From the Paper
"In the Penitentiary Era which lasted from ? to ? prisoners were housed in penitentiaries where they were supposed to do penance and be rehabilitated into productive citizens. (Schmallenger) The Quakers converted the Philadelphia Walnut Street jail into a penitentiary hoping to use religious and human principles to rehabilitate the inmates."
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Social History-New History, 2008.
A look at new history and multiculturalism within the context of historical studies in Britain.
2,739 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conception of 'new history" or 'history from below' and states that it has its foundations in a wide range of connected disciplines and contemporary theoretical trajectories and stances. The paper comments that the foundation of 'history from below' lies in the questioning of the hegemony of old and more elitist views of history and the context of historical reality The paper concludes that the writing of 'history from below' provides a much-needed and important part of historical research and discourse in contemporary scholarship.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
British Multiculturalism
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In conclusion it should be noted that the "new history" and the stance that takes its point of departure from 'below" in Britain owes much to the earlier Marxist historians. These historians are in fact seen as the "progenitors" of contemporary "history from below." (Kaye 182) Given this legacy in the British context it is not surprising that much of the historical research has been focused on the marginalized and disenfranchised cultures and sections of the population.
"For example there has been a great deal of research on the Asian and Pakistan immigration to the country. After the Second World War there was a large scale immigration of Muslims from various counties including North Africa to Britain. The central reason for this was the need in Britain for cheap industrial labor and they "...turned towards their former colonies in South Asia and North Africa to fill labour shortages... (What perspectives for Islam and Muslims in Europe?) Research into this area has produced numerous studies dealing with the prejudice and the alienation that these immigrants experienced. This type of research clearly shows the link and the connection between 'history from below' and multiculturalism and also suggests that these two concepts are inextricably intertwinwed in this new approach to history. While there are many detractors and critics of this new historical approach, there are also many who see 'new history' as advancing the aims of the discipline."
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State Prisons Vs. Private Prisons, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the state prison and the private prison systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief comparison/contrast of state versus private prisons. As should become apparent, there are many problems afflicting the state prison system in the United States of America. That being said, the writer notes there are no guarantees that a private system will be the panacea some have felt it could and can be. In any event, the writer concludes that a conflation of the two might the best answer for America's woes.
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Eastern and Middle Eastern Religions, 2007.
This paper discusses the Eastern and Middle Eastern religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Buddhism is a somewhat unique religion in that it does not personify the concept of god but rather the Buddha, who is a normal human having come to enlightenment and salvation through suffering; however, Hinduism is far more focused on divinity and messages from a spiritual realm beyond the understanding of humanity. The author points out that Islam, which is considered one of the three Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, the other two being Judaism and Christianity, uses Allah (God), who is eternal, transcended and part of humanity in his compassion and mercy. The paper relates that Sikhism, which shares with Islam the paradigm of a single god, operates on the principle that all human beings are equal and should not be distinguished by parameters such as social class and royalty.
Table of Contents:
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
From the Paper
"In terms of salvation, Sikhism is close to Hinduism in its belief of the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth. According to Sikhism, there is a progressive journey of the soul from the lowest orders of life, such as plants and animals, to the highest order of physical existence, being human. While several rebirths at this level of existence is possible, having reached human life means that the journey is close to completion. The soul reaches God at the point of physical death, where it is judged in order to determine whether more rebirth is required."
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History of Orientalism, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the culture and history of eastern Islam, also known as Orientalism.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines the term Orientalism, which comes from the Latin word oriens, as the rising sun, which generally implies, 'the East.' This paper focuses on the culture, religion, art and history of Orientalism. This paper explores the European view of Islam throughout history. The writer explains that during the birth of Christianity and Islam there was a distinct difference between European Christian cultures and those of East and North Africa, which are detailed at length in this paper. During the Middle Ages the European Christians denounced the Islamic people as the enemies of Christendom, due to their lack of knowledge of Eastern culture. This paper discusses how the Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century viewed the Eastern culture as being superior to that of the Christian west. This paper illustrates that Islamic societies were praised for their religious tolerance when compared with Christian west. This paper also delves into those who opposed the Orientalist culture, such as James Mill, who believed that Eastern civilizations were stagnant and corrupt and Karl Marx who believed that Eastern methods of production were static. Christian evangelists further maligned Eastern traditions as superstitious nonsense. This paper also examines the rich artistic history of the Oriental culture. Depictions of Islamic Moors were found in Medieval and Renaissance art, but it wasn't until the 19th century that Orientalism became recognized in the arts. This paper also details the outspoken views and opinions of political activist and author Edward Said.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Orientalism
History of Orientalism
Orientalism in the Arts
History of Orientalism in the Arts
Edward Said and Orientalism
References
From the Paper
"Photography was still in its infancy and did not allow for the capture of the sunlight, the colors and the mood in which a painter could. With the iconoclastic nature of Islam, and the forbidding of the depiction of the prophet Muhammad, there was little representational art in Islam. Most of their artwork was centered on pattern and design. For this reason, the Muslim world had very little visual record of their history, including the people and the cities that existed prior to modern photography. Today, still, the best visual record of exotic cities like Cairo or Damascus, prior to the advent of modern photography, exists in 19th century paintings by Europeans and Americans. In the mid to late 19th century, painters from every country in Europe and from across the oceans in America, came to the East."
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The Analysis of History, 2002.
Examines quotations by historian Thomas Carlyle and philosopher Karl Marx regarding history and the study of history.
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
Historians approach the subject of history from different perspectives and interpret their findings according to underlying beliefs, attitudes, methodologies and even ideologies. Whatever method is used is usually found to be adequate and most correct by the person using it, but not all methods are equal. This paper examines two quotations regarding history and the study of history to show different views of what history is and how it is to be analyzed - "The history of the world is but the biography of great men" (Scottish historian, Thomas Carlyle) and "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle" (German political philosopher, Karl Marx).
From the Paper
"The kind of history envisioned by Carlyle would focus on individual leaders and their exploits as the subject matter of history and would define how history is studied. The lives of great men would be examined in detail, and the events of their lives would be attributed to their actions as warriors, statesmen, political leaders, and so on. History is organized around this idea when we talk of different regimes, as when we order British history according to the succession of kings and speak of different eras as Elizabethan, Victorian, Edwardian, and so on."
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?Our History Syllabus Has Us Gasping?, 2004.
This paper analyzes "'Our History Syllabus Has Us Gasping': History in Canada Schools?Past, Present, and Future" by Ken Osborne, which discusses the problem of teaching history to Canada?s young students.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Osborne categorizes the methods of teaching history in Canada?s educational system into two periods: the traditional mode used from 1930 to the 1950s, and the progressive mode used from the 1960s to the present. The author points out that, in the traditional mode of teaching history, the focus is on the teaching of facts. The paper relates that the progressive mode interrelates history with different fields of study in the social sciences, such as economics, sociology, politics, and other disciplines and does a better job of imparting knowledge of the nation?s history, an essential requirement in developing national identity, patriotism, and a sense of Canadian citizenship.
From the Paper
"Thus, as the 20th century arrived, Canada is rebuilding its country as a nation. Social institutions were established, which includes the educational system, considered as an essential tool in developing Canada?s citizens as future leaders and providers to the country?s progress. After two world wars that left the whole world crippled, Canadians had once again rebuilt their nation during the years 1930s-1940s, wherein significant social changes have occurred. These social changes involves themes like Canadian Nationalism, emphasizing on the role of each citizen to partake in knowing the country?s historical heritage and the vital role of the society and the individual to do their duties and responsibilities as citizens of the nation."
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"Why Study History?", 2002.
A review of Paul Gagnon's "Why Study History?" about the importance of history in everyday life.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue that Gagnon's ultimate answer to this question is that history teaches people about the past so that democratic societies will possess enough of a collective memory to survive the inevitable bad times that challenge, and sometimes destroy, societies. In the process, Gagnon discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various modes of teaching history; from traditional political history to more contemporary social history.
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"Gender and the Politics of History", 2002.
A book review of Joan Wallach Scott's "Gender and the Politics of History" which discusses history, politics and women's studies as disciplines.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
History and politics, at least according to most college course catalogues, are separate disciplines. 'Women's Studies' also forms its own separate category, apart from these two disciplines. Yet in her work "Gender and the Politics of History", Joan Wallach Scott makes it clear that for as long as women's studies has existed as a discipline, feminist historians have suggested that all three elements are intertwined in a proper analysis of history.
From the Paper
"Scott writes her work both in response to these feminist historians, and as a part of the tradition of the rash of academic and popular womens writing about women in history in recent years. (15) Although it is impossible to reduce these writings on women's histories to a particular political stance she suggests a certain commonality between all of them in their lack of commonality. She pinpoints a problem that arises because of the lack of a tradition of historiography when writing about gender. Historians with political projects, such as Marxists, employ different historiographic techniques than those mainly interested in studying the construction of the feminine narrative of reproduction, and how women have attempted to control their bodies throughout history, for example. (16) "
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Walter Benjamin's "Theses on the Philosophy of History", 2008.
A discussion of various interpretations of history, with a focus on historian Walter Benjamin's 1940 book "Theses on the Philosophy of History".
2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in his 1940 book "Theses on the Philosophy of History", Walter Benjamin, using the analogy of an Angel of History, warns that false interpretations of history can be as deadly as the historical tragedies themselves. The author points out that a means of avoiding this is not to emphasis and understand history as a rigid sequence of absolutely true events, which must be accepted as the definitive truth. The paper stresses that it must be remembered that history is written by the triumphant winners. The author discuses examples of history from the ancient Greeks to modern times to emphasize that human nature has changed very little over thousands of years: Intolerance still causes ignorance, which causes wars and kills people.
From the Paper
"The exploitation and abuse of women throughout human history is another refutation of the triumphalist conception of history. As Mohanty notes, even in modern times, women are still struggling for equality, for social movements such as women's liberation tend to trigger resistance because many people prefer the status quo and feel threatened by social change. For example, in recent years some feminist organizations have drawn increasing criticism from mainstream America due to strategies and tactics which seem too aggressive and divisive."
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Ohio History, 2002.
An analysis of American history, specifically the history of the State of Ohio and America's 20th president.
2,347 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the United States, focusing particularly on Ohio and the twentieth president of the United States of America, James Abram Garfield, who was born there. The paper illustrates the scenario James Abram Garfield was born into, and describes the role played by his family and religion in his life. His early academic career as well as his further studies are detailed, and Garfield?s political career is comprehensively presented. The paper discusses the assassination of Garfield and outlines his legacy.
From the Paper
"The United States of America is a nation that has a significantly rich and eventful history, particularly when considered in the light of such things as the assassinations of presidents like that of Kennedy and Garfield. Consider also the violence that erupted as a result of the slavery and racism that was prevailing during the era prior to the American civil war, somewhere during the early 1860s. The instability that was inherent to the country at the time was virtually unimaginable in so much as the extremity prevalent to them."
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God and Government: An Interpretation of Modern History., 2002.
This paper examines Catherine Millard's book, "The Rewriting of American History" in comparison to three other history texts.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
These texts are Jack N. Rakove's "Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution", M. E. Bradford's "Founding Fathers : Brief Lives of the Framers of the United States Constitution", and Howard Zinn's "A People's History of the United States". The comparison shall be made on the grounds that Millard mistakenly argues that modern American historians are atheists and therefore wish to exclude all mention of God from historical texts.
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