| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "DEDUCTIVE REASONING LOGIC": |
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Deductive Economics, 1997.
An overview and analysis of deductive reasoning and logic in Jevons's "A Deadly Indifference".
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the application of macroeconomic principals to real-world problems, by detailing and analyzing instances in which the fictional protagonist makes deductions about criminal behavior patterns by using economic concepts.
From the Paper
"Economics is not something the average person thinks of as being practical in an everyday sense. Most people-excepting those who are economists-are only exposed to economic thinking when they're filing their tax returns, or when they're trying to figure out why Alan Greenspan can announce that he doesn't feel so well today and suddenly the stock market crashes (why is that, anyway?). Fortunately, Professor Henry Spearman is not an everyday person. In fact, the protagonist of Marshall Jevons' "A Deadly Indifference" proves that economic thinking can not only be practical, but can actually solve crimes. This came as no surprise to me, of course, because I am a regular viewer of "The X-Files," where such extraordinary things happen every week."
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The Deductive-Nomological Model of Explanation, 2004.
Traces the history of deductive-nomological theory.
1,376 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look back at classical philosophy to determine the origins of the deductive-nomonological model. The paper looks at the evolutionary nature of the model, which proceeds from the skepticism predominant in the Middle Ages towards the universals of Aristotle. The paper goes on to discuss subsequent philosophies that questioned whether universal laws can be described successfully. The paper concludes with a look at the views of the deductive nomological model held by scientific realists, nominalists and defendants of the model.
From the Paper
"The Deductive-Nomological model of explanation is a logical process that was developed after World War II by Carl Hempel to derive working scientific explanations from laws that are created from the regular observation of phenomena, which can then be used to successfully predict the subsequent re-application of these laws. These laws are, in effect, explanations of phenomena or theories, and by using such explanations to predict new events we can successfully prove their validity. This theory relies heavily on the empiricism of Locke and others, but seeks to modify it in order to facilitate its application in the statistical methodologies commonly employed in the social scientists by logical positivists. Its history can be traced back to classical philosophy, where we find the question of 'universals,' where it was questioned whether universal laws described events successfully."
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Rain Man: An Illustrative Thinking, 2001.
A discussion on the three thinking processes: deductive reasoning, creative thinking or reasoning, and problem solving.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 0 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the movie "Rain Man" to illustrate the concepts of three thinking processes. The writer underscores the mechanics of deductive reasoning, creative thinking or reasoning and problem solving while citing examples from the movie as well as discussions on cognitive psychology.
From the Paper
"The human thinking process is extremely complex. We have many ways of problem solving that we are not aware of but simply use. The movie Rain Man is an excellent illustration of what can happen if the processes are not complete or they are confused in our brains. Deductive reasoning, creative reasoning and problem solving are all intertwined and the movie about an autistic man provides a clear picture of the differences."
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Logic, Induction and Relevance, 2008.
This essay deals with the issue of how relevance is established for an inductive argument, and how this process can be encouraged and supported based on an argument given by Patrick Hurley in his paper, "A Concise Introduction to Logic".
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper presents an analysis of inductive reasoning based on Patrick Hurley's text on the terms "necessary" and "sufficient". The author states that it should be somewhat easier to demonstrate relevance for an inductive argument, as the association to be established is not as strong as in deductive reasoning. Also, based on criteria established in this paper,the author asserts that, in order to establish relevance in an inductive argument, one must establish that the criterion being argued for is a necessary condition. However, the author asserts that in order to support establishing relevance for an inductive argument, one should insist that each premise be rigorously examined to ascertain whether it is in fact necessary.
From the Paper
"In Hurley's terms, we might say that what we need to establish relevance for an inductive argument would be to show that the stipulated criterion was a necessary condition. However, because we are only trying to show a probable connection, we do not need to show that the criteria was a sufficient condition, nor do we need to establish that it is relevant by showing that it is a sufficient and necessary condition. In Hurley's terms, what is necessary to evaluate the strength of an argument is to know 'whether the probability of the conclusion rests upon the evidence given in the premises' (Hurley 379). What Hurley is really saying here is that the strength of an inductive argument rests partly on the relevance of its conditions."
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Logic and Meaning for a Missionary, 2006.
An analysis of the applications of logic and meaning in the course of a missionary's work.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of a missionary employing logic and meaning. The paper begins by defining meaning and logic. It then looks specifically at inductive and deductive logic and Eastern and Western logic. The paper discusses how each of these can be applied to daily life and how they should be employed by a missionary in the course of his work.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Meaning
Deductive Logic
Inductive Logic
Western Logic
Eastern Logic
Life Application
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Inductive preaching is the reverse of deductive preaching. With this method, the preacher moves from context to text. They lead into the truth after interacting with the people. It is most effective with people towards the middle of the Engel Scale - those all the way at the negative end don't respond well to this, but those heading towards salvation and shortly after it seem to benefit most from these sorts of sermons. Done properly, it should expose the text of the Bible in the world of the listeners. Windsor compares it to watching a Polaroid develop. It generally feels less like a sermon. A Biblical example of this can be found in Acts 17 (Paul at Athens)."
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The Necessity for Paraconsistency in Deontic Logic, 2003.
A short critique of the current form of Deontic Logic, focusing on the work of Ernst Mally, followed by an argument for the integration of some central aspects of Paraconsistent Logic to the already existing systems of Deontic Logic.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the reader to the history and current state of Deontic Logic, a formal system that attempts to formalize moral judgment by exploiting the apparent similarity between the modal operators of alethic logic, necessity and possibility and two basic concepts of morality, obligation and permissibility. The paper lays out the basic structure of Deontic Logic and critiques it through examples that show that certain conclusions reached by applications of the logic are contradictory. It then shows that integration of paraconsistency into the logic will lessen the currently catastrophic effect of these contradictions.
From the Paper
"Most non-classical logics, supplemental or rival, have been proposed as improvements on classical logic, or are based on systems which were created to this end. Even those which claim completely different universes of discourse than classical logic, such as the epistemic, deontic, or tense systems, are generally founded on principles of a system which is in some way rival (in the informal sense) to classical logic (in their case, alethic modal logic). But, rarely, a proposed system (and its manner of departure from classical logic) seems more intuitively applicable as a correction to another proposed non-classical system than to classical logic itself. Such is the situation present in the relationship between Deontic logic, the system of formalized ethical judgement, and Paraconsistent logic, the system of turbulent belief-sets."
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Logical Framework, 2007.
A research paper on logical framework, the method of framing the growth of national and global plans.
3,403 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether the use of logical framework during the project cycle in developing countries is because of its intrinsic value or merely because it is a donor requirement. Concerned with the importance, exploitation and launch of the concept of logical framework analysis (LFA), the paper highlights some of the important structural features involved in framing an efficient LFA. The paper discusses some of the essential conditions needed by the LFA and their employees in connection with the project planning matrix. Finally, the paper shows the value and important uses of the logical framework.
Outline:
Objectives
Background of Logical Framework
Stages in Logical Framework
Situation Analysis
Strategy Analysis
Project Planning Matrix (PPM)
Implementation
Problems in the Development of LF
Benefits of Utilizing Logical Framework System
Problems With the Logical Framework System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Logical Framework (LF) was first established by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to act as a helping tool in the creating, structuring, development and administration of its solitary or joint national/global ventures (Coleman, 1987, p. 251). Its importance lies in its ability to chain and categorize a variety of logical methods and circumstances that could be a result of any plan before its initiation. Due to his efficient feature, LF has been used regularly by organizations all over in tailored outlines (Pfenning and Schurmann, 1999)."
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Logical Fallacies in the Media, 2006.
An understanding of logical fallacies by finding four logical fallacies of two types in the media.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates techniques that exist in the media that present facts and events that cause those viewing or listening to the media to respond in predictable ways. The paper reports how these 'logical fallacies' are very effective techniques for drawing forth the desired response from news media observers.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
I. Argumentum Ad Populum
II. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam
III. The Anonymous Authority
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Argumentum Ad Populum refers to that which is a commonly held belief. One example of this is the supposed fact, as touted by news media and the present Washington Administration that the country of Iraq had 'weapons of mass destruction' which where a threat to the national security and safety of the United States. In fact an entire war was based on these 'weapons of mass destruction' which have been found to most definitely 'not' exist. This use of the technique of 'Argumentum Ad Populum' has been used in the past by the government but not to this great extent or to the cost in terms of lives that these logical fallacies perpetrated. "
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The Fourth Figure of Logic, 2002.
Explores the significance of the fourth figure of logic and examines Aristotle's intentional exclusion of the fourth figure.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the significance of the fourth figure in respect to its application within logic and logic theory, where the fourth figure is typically ignored because of its inherent confusion due to a general lack of clarity in formulation. A discussion of Aristotle's intentional exclusion of this fourth figure in the study of logic is examined in addition to the general discussion, where this paper shall argue that Aristotle disliked the use of the fourth figure because it was less clear than the other three major forms.
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Logic and Perception, 2005.
A look at the nature of logic and perception and the relationship between them.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the nature of logic and perception, and the relationship between logic, critical thinking, and perception. It looks at principles of logical reasoning, perceptual inference, rationality, and perceptual blocks.
From the Paper
"Science is based on logic, yet it is also based on perception and observations. Logic is often seen as a form of deception - a way to trick the mind into believing something without proof, whereas observations appear to be more reliable because people tend to agree that seeing is believing. However, perception is a preliminary acquisition of data without testing or evaluation applied, whereas logic is the application of reason and critical thinking to the observation. Logic is the test of accuracy and is therefore the..."
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Logical Fallacies, 2005.
A look at how logical fallacies confront people in all aspects of life and the harm they can do do our decision-making process.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how logical fallacies can affect us in academic and scientific research and even in the decisions we make in everyday life. The paper points out that a very valuable skill in making decisions is the ability to identify logical fallacies and to apply tools that help you identify them. Moreover, the paper describes some types of logical fallacies and some of the tools for identifying them, as well.
From the Paper
"There is little question that logical or analytical fallacies can (and have) plagued data analysts in all major fields of knowledge from the beginning of recorded time. Not only can these fallacies of reason cause immense harm due to their capacity to mislead, but they can also ruin an otherwise sound argument or conclusion. For this reason, it is important to utilize varied "tools" designed to prevent or detect fallacies."
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"The Nature and Logic of Capitalism", 2002.
A review of the book "The Nature and Logic of Capitalism" by Robert L. Heilbroner.
1,184 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Robert L. Heilbroner, in "The Nature and Logic of Capitalism", struggles with three difficult-to-define words --"nature", "logic" and "capitalism" and comes to some startling, if not revealing, opinions on capitalism. It evaluates his theory that "nature" is the innate ability or power to create relationships and it wields this ability in a structured "logic", the end result, which is a "regime" known as "capitalism." It looks at how he analyzes capitalism not as a "mere economic system" but as a "regime." A "regime," indicating a ruling power structure empowered to make and enforce change.
From the Paper
"Heilbroner, acknowledging and confirming Marx, then posits the theory that competition among capitalists, left unchecked, would drive profits to zero. Marx stopped at this point, satisfied with his theories of the challenges of surplus value. Heilbroner takes Marx further by suggesting that Marx's "factors of production" (land, labor, capital) are not comparable or equivalent entities and produce wealth only when workers act upon land. That is the "nature" of the beast. Heilbroner, then, sees the "logic" of this "nature" as having several distinctive features. The first was that capitalists, as holders of social power, were independent of the state's control ever the means of production, and over the socializing "nature" of the state."
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Logical Fallacies in Business Reporting, 2004.
Discusses three types of logical fallacies in business reporting from a critical thinking perspective.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
Although the reporting of facts and figures is often thought of as an objective science, quite frequently even business reporting is characterized by logical fallacies, including but not limited to, appeals to ignorance, hasty generalizations, and ad hominem attacks. This paper argues that these logical fallacies are particularly common and pernicious in business reporting because of the frequently technically complex nature of the subject matter in regards to facts and figures, combined with the emotional texture of business reporting that involves the fabric and texture of individual lives. The paper shows that reporters wish to attract attention and render complexities comprehensible, but frequently fall into logically fallacious traps to accomplish these objectives. The paper provides examples from business reports to elaborate on the ideas.
From the Paper
"This is particularly important to remember when reading the business section about distasteful individuals, because it is tempting to assume, when hearing about past dirty dealings, to either discount all of the information brought up by the person, because of the past character of the potential economic criminal, or to assume that he or she knew everything about the dark corporate dealings at the company. Even the lack of evidence is made to sound dark in the above-cited article's rhetoric: "Considering that he was the driving force behind Enron's growth, the micromanaging former CEO did an amazing job of distancing himself from its decline. He stopped selling stock four months before Enron collapsed-and left the company entirely two months beforehand. He rarely used e-mail. His signature is conspicuously, and uncharacteristically, absent from the approval sheets for some of Fastow's most controversial deals." ("Who Will Fastow implicate?" January 19, 2004, Business Week Online retrieved on January 19, 2004 at http://www.aol.businessweek.com/bwdaily/index.html#top) The ad hominem attack is generally used as a kind of intellectual shorthand, equating man with message, rather than trying to understand the business at hand."
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Logic, Critical Thinking and the Specter of Perception, 2005.
A look at the importance of logic to the critical thinking process.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 13.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how logic is, quite simply, one of the most important elements of the critical thinking process and how it is the opposite extreme from empiricism and permits the agile mind to balance the often-irrational beliefs created through empirical observation with more intellectual rigor. It looks at how logic becomes a lens through which we can filter the sometimes irrational and contradictory beliefs that our perceptions generate and which our brains entrench and how logic has the great potential to temper the passions of perception in the mind.
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