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Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
The role of President Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Cuban missile crisis and how then President John F. Kennedy dealt with the issue. The writer believes that the 1962 Cuban missile crisis established JFK as a heroic and able president who was the first and only president to challenge the Soviets directly. The paper offers a brief background on the lead-up to the event and America's involvement in the near nuclear disaster. The paper includes a section on the memory of this event in American psyche today, evident through the many plays, movies and stories which can be seen throughout the U.S.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis teaches much about the nature of international relations during the Cold War and about such relations at any time between adversaries. It affirms the characteristics of the American political system that have helped the country succeed for two centuries in the face of considerable international opposition and numerous crises. Kennedy represented a change in the presidency, a youthful man rather than an older political leader, and his vibrancy affected the nation and made people ready to do more than they might otherwise have wanted to do."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Unsung Leadership of Khrushchev, 2008.
An in-depth argumentitive report on the Cuban Missile Crisis and its implications as a result of the interactions between Kruschev and JFK.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of the challenges that arose between Kruschev and Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the result of their actions and decisions.The paper endeavours to portray Kruschev as the person responsible for easing tensions in the area and not being responsible for causing the Cuban missile crisis and further shows that, in fact, as a result of Kennedy's actions in the area, Kruschev had no option but to assist Cuba as he did. The paper appends relevant source material.
From the Paper
"Those who want to rescue Khrushchev's reputation from the dustbin of history frequently note that the Soviet Premier was every bit as responsible in his thinking as was Kennedy during the height of the crisis and, in many respects, even before it began. For instance, whatever his failings, it was not Khrushchev who stepped up surreptitious assaults against Castro, launched the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion - those were all things initiated by the Kennedy Administration. Further, the aggressive American build-up under Kennedy was understandably worrisome for the Soviet Leader, who had to watch this unfold fully cognizant of the fact that NATO had missiles pointed at the heart of the Soviet Union from nearby Turkey (Meyer, 113). Seen in that light, Khrushchev's secretive military support of Castro during the summer and fall of 1962 was entirely understandable - even if he erred in deploying missiles by stealth to the tiny island. More significantly, Kennedy's clandestine and not-so-clandestine efforts to unseat Castro surely raised tensions between the Soviet Union and America inasmuch as the US President had to have known on some level that the Soviets would feel compelled to protect the embattled Cuban leader from US efforts to kill him. All in all, the blame for the escalation of the crisis prior to mid-October of 1962 cannot solely, maybe not even mostly, laid at the feet of Nikita Khrushchev."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Policy Forecaster, 2008.
An examination of the predicted outcome of the Cuban missile crisis using the policy forecaster model and whether these correlate to the actual outcome of events.
1,171 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Cuban missile crisis and explains that the discovery by surveillance planes of Soviet missile silos being built in Cuba was one of the major confrontations of the Cold War. The paper analyzes the Cuban missile crisis with the use of the policy forecaster model. It then looks at the predicted outcome using the policy forecaster model and whether it corresponds with the actual outcome of events.
From the Paper
"The next variable that I will discuss is that of salience. The United States had a high salience regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis. Almost immediately following the discovery of the Soviet missiles in Cuba, it became the most pressing issue to the country. The Cuban Missile Crisis was of great importance to every actor involved, and even those not involved, as a wrong move could have triggered a chain reaction of nuclear attacks. I believe that the issue was of added importance to the US because of the closeness of Cuba to the mainland. The issue was also of high importance to the Soviet Union, as the United States already had missile bases located close to their border. At the time, the US held the advantage over the Soviets in most areas. The salience variables I will use for the Policy Forecaster are ninety for the United States, and eighty-three for the Soviet Union."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
A look at the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis from a Soviet perspective.
3,833 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Soviet Union's role in the Cuban Missile Crisis between America and Cuba in 1962. The writer explores the crisis from the Soviet Union's perspective using documents from the Soviet Union archives and puts together a historical account from their view. The paper shows that the Cold War was triggered by the crisis and the eventual dismantling of the former Soviet Union was a result of the Cold War, therefore the Cuban missile crisis, while it scared the world for 14 days, set the stage for today?s friendly relations between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union.
From the Paper
"The Soviet Union placed the missiles in Cuba as a strategic military and political statement to the world about the actions of America. According to recently released documents pertaining to the crisis the idea came to then Soviet Union leader, Nikita Khrushchev, to use as a counter message to the US. He felt the United States had been flexing its muscles and some of the more recent decisions and actions by the states had countered what the Soviet Union had been led to believe(COLD WAR: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIShttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html). The crux of the disagreement was nestled in he direct actions of the United States. The problem as realized in retrospect was that the Soviet Union used deceit and lies to accomplish its point instead of holding discussions with the US powers about its concerns."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2008.
An analysis of the events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the crisis itself and the way that President Kennedy handled the issue.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Cuban Missile Crisis and President Kennedy's handling of this confrontation with the Soviet Union. First, the paper briefly examines the global events and Cold War conditions that precipitated the missile crisis. The paper then discusses the tensions between Moscow and Washington and why they had increased throughout the decade of the 1950s after the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, then its first hydrogen bomb and brutally invaded Hungary in 1956.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, President John F. Kennedy's ability to balance issues of national interest against the imminent threat of global nuclear war was the most important aspect of his leadership during the Cuban Missile Crisis in late October of 1962. Ironically, it was disagreement among Kennedy's advisors that ultimately produced a tough but measured response that compelled Khrushchev to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba and thus avoid an American invasion and likely escalation into nuclear war.
"By the narrowest of margins, World War III had been avoided. Despite the ill-considered decision of Premier Khrushchev to antagonize the United States by deploying nuclear missiles in Cuba certain to be discovered, and President Kennedy's ill-considered decision to authorize the Bay of Pigs invasion the preceding year, which antagonized Khrushchev into deploying those nuclear missiles to Cuba, both leaders managed to restrain their hawkish advisors and generals, and found a way to resolve the crisis through back-channel diplomacy and covert compromise."
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Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
An analysis of the significance of American and Soviet intelligence in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
3,506 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the thirteen days between the discovery of the missile sites and the final conclusion of the crisis known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Specifically, the paper looks at what the Americans and Russians knew in the lead-up to event and shows how the CIA and KGB definitely had information prior to the actual start of the conflict. The paper explores the historical significance of Russia's involvement in Cuba and the rise of Fidel Castro to power there. The paper also explains the economic and political consequences of the event.
From the Paper
"In 1945 American had demonstrated the unparalleled destructive powers of their nuclear weapons, and subsequently taken unconditional control of the Japanese nation and its culture. This was done during war-time, of course. It followed an unprovoked attack against America itself, was necessary to stop countless casualties, and may have been entirely justified. The justification of that act is somewhat irrelevant to its psychological impact on both sides of the cold war, however. America learned the lesson that atomic bombs gave them unlimited bargaining power. The Soviet Union learned that America was willing to use that power to wipe out entire nations. In 1958 the USA had threatened China with nuclear weapons in regards to a dispute over Taiwan. From 1959 to 1961 it threatened nuclear strikes whenever the Soviets agitated for control of the divided Berlin. America had proven at least rhetorically willing to use nuclear strikes for political rather than merely defensive purposes."
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Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2001.
This essay discusses the policies of President Kennedy and his administration during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the possibility that President Kennedy had advanced knowledge of Soviet intentions to place missiles in Cuba, but did not or could not prevent it, and instead used the peaceful settlement of the crisis as a means of moving toward detente.
From the Paper:
"The Cuban Missile Crisis was precipitated by Soviet desires to overcome the strategic superiority that the United States had developed in order to continue an aggressive global foreign policy. President Kennedy then allowed the crisis to develop so that it could be used as a stepping stone toward detente and the new world order."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
Written in the form of a memorandum as an overview of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Cuban Missile Crisis, specifically, the president's options on October 27, after a U-2 spy plane had been shot down over Cuba. It is in the form of a memo to the President outlining the situation, the alternatives and a recommended course of action.
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Robert Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
An analysis of the role of Robert Kennedy in defusing the Cuban Missile Crisis through his negotiations.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue, this role was not simply one of "hawk" or "dove". Rather, Robert Kennedy's position - as did the position of many in Washington in those days - moved depending upon what decision appeared to offer the most "room" to negotiate among a group of generally negative options. However, it was in his extra-constitutional role as an "extension" of the President's will that Robert Kennedy played a dominant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in three respects. His "negotiations" with the Soviets - often unofficial and conducted outside the usual channels of diplomacy - ensured the maintenance of lines of communication between Moscow and Washington in this crucial time.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2005.
A review of the Cuban Missile Crisis and new information that has recently come to light that somewhat alters our perception of what actually transpired.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the way in which it was handled by the Kennedy administration. According to this paper, the belief that the incident was simple, is incorrect. This was a complex situation.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis was for a long time portrayed in Western history books as a sudden, unexpected crisis that was handled masterfully by the Kennedy administration, resulting in the avoidance of nuclear conflict. Thus, it was considered a textbook example of how to handle such crises. However, recent decades have seen the gradual exposure to public and academic scrutiny of numerous previously classified US documents. This has enabled historians to gain a better insight into the reality of the situation. As a result, it is becoming increasingly clear that a simplistic portrayal of the incident as sudden aggression from the Soviets and the Cubans is erroneous."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2006.
This paper discusses the question of how close to war were the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1961 Cuban missile crisis.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, considering the information now available, it seems unlikely the Soviets would have attacked the United States over the Cuban missile crisis. The author states that it actually appears the United States was the aggressor: The missiles were placed in Cuba by the Soviet Union as deterrents in response to a real threat from the United States because the United States had been planning on attacking Cuba for years, going back to the Eisenhower administration. The paper concludes that the weapons did ensure a peace because (1) the United States government agreed not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles from Cuban soil, which they did, and (2) the United States agreed to remove missiles from Turkey. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis is one of the defining moments in twentieth century United States history. The Cold War was at its apex. The Cubans asked the Soviet Union to protect them against an American attack. In 1961, the United States sent troops into Cuba in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. The attack failed and later became known as the Bay of Pigs fiasco. In 1962, Kruschev sent missiles into Cuba in order to deter an American attack. We were at the brink of World War III, both sides used verbal threats, and War was only averted when the Soviet Union removed the missiles in return for an American promise to not invade the island."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
An analysis of the impact of Nikita Khrushchev on the Cuban missile crisis and the inner workings of the soviet government at the time.
4,503 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 79.95
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This paper asserts that many people today simply do not realize just how close the world came to nuclear war when John F. Kennedy and Nikita S. Khrushchev squared off for 13 tense days during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. The paper claims that given the highly secretive nature of the Soviet regimen during this period in history, it is unlikely that many average citizens were aware of what was taking place during this fateful 13-day period in history. Despite these constraints, much has been learned since 1962 about what took place behind closed doors in Moscow and Washington and this paper investigates this information to determine what part Nikita S. Khrushchev played in negotiating the compromise and the response of the Soviet leadership of the day. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
The Role of Nikita S. Khrushchev
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, the Cuban Missile Crisis is generally remembered as lasting for just thirteen days (from October 16-28), beginning with the point at which Washington discovered that active construction was taking place in Cuba to install launch facilities for Soviet medium-range missiles, to the day the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Khrushchev, publicly and formally agreed to withdraw missiles from Cuba. As part of the eventual compromise that was reached, President Kennedy guaranteed that the United States would not invade Cuba. More comprehensive accounts of the missile crisis extend beyond these immediate 13 days to include the period from October 28 to November 20 as well, when intensive negotiations were conducted that more fully set forth and codified the agreements had been reached, the period when the U.S. naval blockade was lifted, and the special alert status of the military forces of both countries had ended."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the roles of the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. during the Cuban missile crisis.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The occurrences that surround the Cuban missile crisis certainly can be said to have highlighted the differences and similarities between the U.S.A and the Soviet Union. This papers compares these individual countries, focusing specifically on power and policy-making during this time, and ultimately evaluates their variation.
From the Paper
"The power and control - within both the USA and the Soviet Union - over nuclear weapons during the Cuban missile crisis must be noted. If there was "unambiguous" evidence that a war had started, Strategic Air Command regional commanders were given the power to use nuclear weapons before receiving any instructions from the White House. This was exceptionally dangerous, as an unintended detonation of nuclear weapons could easily have been regarded as "unambiguous" under high alert situations. At Incirilik air base, sixteen F-100s, which were on fifteen-minute alert, were not commanded or required to wait for permission from the president before setting off any nuclear weapons. Perhaps the most dangerous situation, in which nuclear weapons could have been used before Washington could respond, was the Siberian U-2 incident. "
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2005.
Analysis of the diplomatic problems Kennedy faced during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
2,590 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explores, with detailed analysis, the diplomatic problems Kennedy faced during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The paper includes a brief look at the historical event for a frame of reference and delves into issues of foreign policy and strategies used to remedy this troubling event. This paper also displays how these strategies only worsened the situation by causing diplomatic troubles between the United States and the Soviet Union. Further, the paper examines the relationship between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev and how their leadership styles varied, but also made strides toward a peaceful solution possible.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis did not happen over night, one day in October 1962. This issue started at the end of World War II and the advent of the Cold War. It was when the distinction between world powers became more evident that a weapons race started because of the spread of Communism closer to home. Dino Brugioni writes, "the Cuban question must be considered a part of the worldwide challenge posed by Communist threats to peace" (Brugioni 1990, p. 115). The United States relationship with Cuba was minimally awkward because of Castro's parent relationship with the Soviet Union. Castro was slowly becoming a pawn for the Soviets to use to demonstrate their influence. Kennedy had inherited the Bay of Pigs and the entire backlash that came with it. This was hardly a good starting point for the Kennedy administration."
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