| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "CRUSADE": |
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The First Crusade, 1990.
This paper examines the reasons why the kings of European countries did not themselves take part in the First Crusade: Political instability, Pope-king antagonism, dominance of Church, role of princes, People's Crusade and personal gain.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, £ 53.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the reasons why the kings of European countries did not themselves take part in the First Crusade.
The historical realities in Europe at the time of the First Crusade (1096-1099) were such that disruption and instability reigned, and yet, at the same time, "The West was discovering its own internal balance. This was, admittedly, precarious. There were bitter struggles between pope and emperor for the domination of Italy, uprisings among the great feudal lords in Germany and the great vassals of the French crown, the quarrels of Saxons and Normans in England, and the Christians' fight against the IV Moors in Spain, but none of this could prevent Europe from becoming . . . a collection of peoples belonging to one civilization, the product of Western feudalism and of the ... "
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"The Fourth Crusade", 2004.
A review of "The Fourth Crusade" by Donald Queller and Thomas F. Madden.
1,301 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "The Fourth Crusade" by Donald Queller and Thomas F. Madden is valuable in its reasoned, articulate description of a confusing and tumultuous time in human history. It looks at how the authors follow the entire period from Pope Innocent III's initial call for a holy war in 1198 to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. Queller and Madden outline how crucial overestimating the number of crusaders was in the misdirection of the Fourth Crusade. It shows how the book is clearly written, organized, well-researched and, ultimately, valuable in providing an in-depth understanding of the complexities and realities of the often confusing events of the Fourth Crusade.
From the Paper
"Queller and Madden's book covers the periods before, during and after the Fourth Crusade, and is valuable as a thorough description of the events of the Fourth Crusade. The Fourth Crusade, which took place from 1202-1204, was originally intended to conquer Egypt, but ultimately resulted in the conquering of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire in 1204. The book's analysis of the crusades begins with an analysis of Pope Innocent III's 1198 elevation to the papacy. Queller and Madden note the pope, "acutely conscious of his responsibility as the head of Christendom, intended to reassume papal leadership of the holy war," (1) and proclaimed a new crusade in the same year."
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The First Crusade, 2002.
Discusses this Christian Crusade in 1095 and its main focus to reclaim the Holy Land.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 35.95
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Abstract
Marching under a proclamation by Pope Urban II, Christians marched in the year 1095 from Western Europe to Jerusalem to reclaim the Holy Land, then under Muslim control. This became known in history as the First Crusade. Several more were to follow, including the infamous Children's Crusade in the year 1212, in which most of the children perished long before reaching the Holy Land, or were sold into slavery after being captured. Our focus will be solely on the First Crusade, its success (or lack of it) and how it was conducted, by whom, etc.
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The First Crusade on Europe, 2006.
This paper discusses the economic impact of the First Crusade on Europe.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether the First Crusade was based upon economic motives or upon genuine religious sentiments. The writer highlights that this issue of economic versus religious causes is controversial, but there is a general historical consensus that the First Crusade, initiated by Pope Urban II on November 27, 1095, was primarily motivated by religious fervor and determination to establish Christian control over Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
From the Paper
"For decades, most Western historians considered the First Crusade and subsequent crusades to be colonial ventures based upon economic motives, and dismissed the idea that the Crusades were motivated by genuine religious sentiments. It is only recently that modern scholars have acknowledged that Christian faith may have been the primary motivation, and that the economic advantages Europe gained after the First Crusade were of secondary consideration for the Crusaders."
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Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade", 2000.
This paper analyzes Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" as a viable historical source.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" to other contemporary books regarding the Fourth Crusade and contrasts between them.
From the Paper
"In The Fourth Crusade, Donald E. Queller describes both the political and financial motives that led to the fourth crusade to Constantinople. Through heavy use of primary sources, the entire journey is told in a story-like fashion. Unfortunately, this story is not one without opinions. The Fourth Crusade is filled with Queller's personal opinions about both the historical event and contemporary historians. While these can sometimes be distracting, they neither take away from the significance of this study nor alter the historical facts. Queller's work, by all means, is one of the better historical studies of the events leading up to the sacking of Constantinople."
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| Essay # 41991 |
temporarily unavailable
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Crusade IV, 2003.
An examination of the Fourth Crusade through the writings of Villehardouin.
2,608 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the writings of Villehardouin in, Joinville and Villehardouin, "Chronicles of the Crusades". Great care is taken in examining this work from a militaristic approach with regards to Villehardouin?s merits, biases, and historical accuracy. While a familiarity with the time period and the Fourth Crusade is helpful in gaining full understanding of this work, care has been taken to make the text usable for the layman as well.
From the Paper
"The fourth crusade can be said to begin in 1198 when pope Innocent III encouraged yet another crusade into the holy lands. The merits of this individual crusade make defining an ending date rather hard. Possible dates for ending this crusade could range from its roots in 1201 with the deal struck with the Venetians, to as late as 1311 when the last of the Franks were destroyed by rebellious mercenaries, but most likely falls sometime in between. Villehardouin?s account takes in to consideration the relatively small, but vastly important amount of time from 1198 to 1207. From its onset the crusade seemed to be doomed. Its chosen leader, Theobald of Champagne died before the expedition even began. Of not is that Villehardouin, writing his words years later, doesn?t connect the early misfortunes of the crusaders as signs of its eventual failure, though it is important to note that Villehardouin no where mentions that the crusade was a failure in anyway. Perhaps this is because of the rather abrupt ending to his book which may have been due to his death."
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The First Crusade and European Economics, 2002.
A look at the economic growth in Europe following the First Crusade.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 14 sources, £ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic impact of the First Crusade on Europe, especially the Mediterranean. The Muslims and Jews flourished before the Christians declared war to recapture Jerusalem. As a result, many crusades occurred, and economic growth followed due to the increased trade links between Europe and the East. Taxation was introduced, money lending increased, and there was literary progress that lead to greater economic development in Europe.
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The First Crusade - The Reclamation of Christendom, 2002.
An analysis of the First Crusade, which was the first global mobilization of a military force, as well as the first instance of combative regimes between two of the worlds largest religions.
4,742 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper views certain extracts from eye witness accounts of the complexities of the march to and fall of Antioch and Jerusalem and its retainment as the Holy city as the birthplace of Christ and all Christendom in the First Crusade. With an aim of demonstrating the organizational change of the view of the people of the era and correct representation of the facts, two verbose quotations of authoritative figures who were present or involved in the Crusaders are included to aid enlightenment as to the situation from the eyes of observers.
From the Paper
"Pope Urban II dealt with the concept of negating the commandment that ?thy shalt not kill? in relation to what will come of those who fell on the battlefield fighting against the hoards of Moslems to retain Jerusalem. In a statement to the realm of Gaul he said: You have modestly expressed a desire to know whether those who have recently died in war, fighting in defence of the church of God and for the preservation of the Christian religion and of the state, or those who may in 'he future fall in the same cause, may obtain indulgence for their sins. We confidently reply that those who, out of love to the Christian religion, shall die in battle fighting bravely against pagans or unbelievers, shall receive eternal life. For the Lord has said through his prophet: "In whatever hour a sinner shall be converted, I will remember his sins no longer." By the intercession of St. Peter, who has the power of binding and loosing in heaven and on the earth, we absolve, as far as is permissible, all such and commend them by our prayers to the Lord."
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Jewish Persecution during the First Crusade, 2001.
The paper offers an analysis of three primary resources. The three Jewish Chronicles recount the persecution of German Jewish communities during the First Crusade.
628 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Jews' behavior during the Crusades as seen through their own actual writings. Quotes are given and numerous examples of how the Jews reacted to the crusading Christians are provided.
From the Paper
"The three chronicles in this book are of historic value because they represent some of the few existing primary sources regarding the events of the first and second Crusades. More importantly, it is a rare occurrence that the victims of war would chronicle the events. Generally, accounts are relayed by the victors, those who feel that their acts of bravery and heroics should be recorded for posterity. Unfortunately, victors and victims alike suffer a great temptation to embellish written accounts to sway public opinion in their favor. This type of sympathy bias, coupled with a strong religious bias is easily discernable throughout the text."
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'The New Crusade', 2006.
A review of Rahul Mahajan's book, 'The New Crusade'.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews 'The New Crusade' by Rahul Mahajan, a book about the war on Terrorism. The paper holds the perspective of the United States elites wanting this war so that they could make an example of Afghanistan.
From the Paper
"Books about the political and social effects of September 11th, 2001 are very common. The books tend to be either very conservative and defend the actions of the United States. Or they tend to be very liberal and criticize the action of the United States through out the world. In 'The New Crusade' Rahul Mahajan has written a very liberal book that criticizes the leaders and other elites in the United States. Mahajan's major criticism of the leaders and other elites in the United States is that they are more then willing to sacrifice innocent people to further their own goals."
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Eleanor and the Second Crusade, 2001.
An examination of the experiences of Eleanor of Aquitaine during the second crusade.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the events experienced by Eleanor of Aquitaine and her first husband Louis while on route to Jerusalem during the Second Crusade. Although Louis would be viewed favorably for his efforts, Eleanor would be plagued for the rest of her life with rumors of impropriety and incest.
From the Paper
"Pernoud records the couple?s stay at Antioch in much the same way as Seward. However, Pernoud seems to give more credence to the possibility that an unnatural closeness may have existed between Eleanor and her Uncle. ?If we adhere to historical fact, it seems unquestionable that Eleanor acquired a bad reputation at Antioch.?(Pernoud,72) He states that the charge of incest was leveled by the chronicler, ?William of Tyr, who cannot be dismissed lightly? (Pernoud,72) Despite this assertion, Pernoud also insinuates that Eleanor?s reputation may have been the result of her open disputes and disagreements with her husband Louis while displaying complete agreement with her Uncle. Seward does not mention William of Tyr by name, his account states that the only chronicler to make this allegation wrote of them forty-years later. Seward also relays that contemporary authorities have found no evidence to conclude the possibility of incestuous behavior on behalf of Eleanor or her Uncle. "
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The First Crusade, 2007.
A look at why Pope Urban II called the First Crusade and why the response was so enthusiastic.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the First Crusade, called by Pope Urban II in the eleventh century, was indeed a great success. The paper explains that thousands of people were involved in the historic attempt made to re-capture Jerusalem from heathen Muslims.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Carl Erdmann further stated in his book that crusades were in effect a by product of the eleventh century Reform Movement, for whom the ultimate purpose was not only a complete purification of the Church, but also of all Christians, including soldiers and warriors. In short, said the author, a crusade was nothing but a method in which the excess energies of the people of the time, and their violent temperaments and a military nature could be channelized creatively into doing well, and towards sacred ends. Therefore, Jerusalem, the so-called professed end of a Crusade, was more like a sort of enlistment tool rather than a serious objective or plan. HEJ Cowdery has been a strong critic of Carl Erdmann's style of thinking, and he asks the most important question, of whether or not the rescue of the Holy City was one of the most important missions that Pope Urban hoped to achieve through his call for the First Crusade. "
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"Crusade in Europe", 2002.
A review of Dwight D. Eisenhower's book "Crusade in Europe".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This review will discuss the book "Crusade in Europe" by Dwight D, Eisenhower. By accessing Eisenhower's part in the war in Europe-mainly France-we can see how he has created an autobiography of his action s in this portion of World War II. By revealing his own personal experience in coordinating these forces, as a general, we can see how he was great man in the face of such overwhelming odds during the Nazi occupation of Europe.
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