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Development in Developing Countries, 2005.
A study of domestic factors constraining development in developing countries.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The domestic factors that hold back development in a country usually emanate from bad or weak governance giving rise to conditions such as violence and armed conflict, widespread corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of social cohesion, weak institutions, and urban bias, among others. In this paper, the writer examines some of these "internal" factors that constraint development and promote poverty in the developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories about Underdevelopment
Lack of Good Governance
1. Violence
2. Corruption
3. Over-population
4. Urban Bias
5. Lack of Infrastructure, Weak Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are different theories about what causes underdevelopment in a country but there is no agreement among social scientists and economists about them. The cultural background, ideologies and biases usually determine the beliefs of individuals about these theories. People and experts in the developing countries tend to believe the ?external? theories for underdevelopment that emphasize factors such as an unjust world order and the effects of colonization and Western exploitation for their underdevelopment. The experts in the developed world consist mainly of ?internal theorists? who highlight the intrinsic cultural values and aptitudes of the people and the behavior and policies of the ruling elite that constraint development. They believe that lack of legal structures and strong institutions in the underdeveloped world generally lead to a break down in the rule of law which, in turn, promote corruption, exploitation of the weak and vulnerable, and an environment of chaos and anarchy?all of them combining to block development. "
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Economic Development Strategies of Developing Countries, 2002.
An examination of the economic and political results of the adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
Examines economic & polotical results of adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism. Focus on 3 countries: Cuba, Argentina, Chile. Describes the 3 strategy thories & how the 3 countries under consideration used them regarding economic growth & reduction of economic inequalities. Problems & outcomes.
From the Paper
"Since World War II, developing countries in the South have been provided with the option of adopting one of three different economic development strategies: structuralism, neoliberalism, and Marxism. The purpose of this essay is to examine the economic and political results engendered by each approach and to determine what these results suggest for future economic policy choices in the region. Three countries lend themselves to this analysis. Cuba, particularly since the overthrow of the Batista regime and the establishment of Castro's Marxist government, has pursued economic development along Marxist lines (Perez-Lopez, 1997). In Argentina, a structuralist economic order under Juan Peron gave way to a neoliberalist orientation (Smith, 1991). In Chile, a neoliberal experiment between 1974 and 1990 took place and this experiment has led to structural change in the national economy..."
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Market Research In Developing/Developed Economies, 2005.
This paper looks at the difference in conducting market research in developing or developed economies.
2,712 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 20 sources, £ 65.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the importance of the function of market research. The writer then considers differences in conducting market research in developing or emerging economies and developed economies.
From the Paper
"Market research is an increasingly important function in many organizations. Companies are seeking ways to find out about the needs desires and demand characteristics of their markets, as well as how to identify new markets for products and services. Traditionally, market research has been conducted in the home market of organizations or in those markets that are similar to the home markets. This is due to the overwhelming emphasis on domestic sales historically and the difficulties inherent in moving into the ... "
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CIDA's Role in International Development, 2005.
This essay examines the part that the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) plays
in the assistance and development of under-developed countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role that the Canadian International Development Agency plays in the development of under-developed countries. CIDA's involvement includes measures to reduce poverty, decrease infant mortality rates, and increase political and economic development. CIDA signed an agreement with other donor nations that emphasizes international involvement in the pursuit of global equality, access to health and education, and improving basic living standards.
From the Paper
" Although the triumph of democracy post cold war helped trigger the global economic boom, developing democracies have benefited least from trade and investment. It is crucial for the international donor community to address potential problems of new policies for promoting democratization of developing countries, otherwise risk losing financial and strategic investments between donors and under-developed countries. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) values social justice, peace and humanitarianism."
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"Social Development", 2008.
A thoughtful review of James Midgley's "Social Development: The Development Perspective in Social Welfare."
2,947 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses James Midgley's book, "Social Development: The Development Perspective in Social Welfare." The paper discusses Midgley's arguments and concludes that his means do not seem to justify his ends, as he fall short in comprehensively expounding and discussing the framework and conceptual dynamics of how exactly social development and policies in social welfare development can be integrated to have a mutually reinforcing effect and role with economic development.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview and Structure of the Book
Discussion and Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term "development" has been widely used in the last couple of decades. Its meaning for most people, involves a general idea of progress and change accompanied by industrialization and improvement in social wellbeing, and in effect, an enhancement in people's income, educational levels, housing, and health care. Mostly though, regard development as economic development. And in the decades following World War II, there have been significant levels of economic development with adoption of economic development prescriptions as in the Martial Plan, and subsequent application of principles to the third world. With this, levels of social welfare have also improved significantly compared to the situation at the end of the nineteenth century. But the social achievements of the recent decades have been mixed with grinding poverty, and homelessness, and lack of education, characterizing the lives of billions of people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This is what James Midgley terms distorted development; pointing to the need for social development to counteract this phenomenon."
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Social Development.
This paper discusses social development, including the development theory, the cognitive theory, and the moral theory.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that social development, consisting of two interconnected characteristics, learning and application, can be defined as a method of systematizing human energies and activities at higher levels to attain superior results. The paper points out that, if parents do not dominate the minds of their children, children will learn from peers, will not become clones of their parents, will reduce their dependence on their parents, and will develop interests different from their parents. The paper relates that Vygotsky's theoretical structure of social development theory states that social relations perform a primary role in the development of cognition.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Role of Parenting in Social Development
Role of Peers
Role of Family
Role of Teachers
Role of Workplaces
Human Growth
Social Development Theory
Cognitive Theory
Moral Theories
From the Paper
"One method of parenting will not work in all situations. But, in majority of the cases, commanding parenting works better than most other parenting styles in bringing about the development of social competence in children at home as well as in the peer group. Elevated levels of nurturance merged with medium levels of control assist adults to become responsible child rearing people for their children and make provisions for children to become mature and capable members of society. With a slight luck, the children of commanding parents should enjoy more than their share of success in their circle of friends."
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The Flying Geese Economic Development Model and East Asia, 2004.
This paper discusses the Flying Geese economic development theory-- the way production techniques are introduced to the less developed countries by the highly developed countrie. It also describes the development of the East Asian?s economies.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, as this Flying Geese pattern of development progresses, countries in the Asian region become more and more integrated and interdependent. The author states that the Flying Geese model describes how industry passes through five stages: Introduction, import substitution, export, mature and reverse-import stages. The paper concludes that the significance of Flying Geese model in East Asia?s economic development is declining in recent time as high technology is introduced and globalization takes place. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Meaning of Flying Geese Model
Evidences of Flying Geese Pattern Development in East Asia.
Significance of Flying Geese Hypothesis in East Asia Economic Development.
High Inflows of FDI and Export Expansion
International Economic Development.
Inter-Industry and Intra-Industry Trade Pattern.
Regional Integration
Declining Significance of Flying Geese Model in Recent Time
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When reaching export stage, the growth of domestic demand will decline. Exports of the product have begun to increase and imports decline. The strong exports enable the country to import capital goods for continued expansion of production. Inward FDI becomes significant as the same industry in the advanced countries has lost its comparative advantage and has to relocate to developing countries. As the industry gets into its mature stage, production slows down due to increasing costs and intensified competition from late-starting countries."
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The Human Development Index (HDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which was first calculated in 1990 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as an indicator of human development in both industrial and lesser developed nations.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Human Development Index (HDI) presumes that in a hypothetical ideal situation everyone would have the opportunity to make choices about the essential issues in their lives. The author points out that HDI is a helpful calculation method because it uses specific indicators of a nation's various developmental factors to create a more generalized index, thus simplifying a very complex reality. The paper relates finding of the application of the HDI such as investment in human capabilities is a never-ending process and it is not obvious that the payoff, in monetary terms at least, is greater when levels of development are low. Chart.
From the Paper
"This ideal state is assigned a value of one and the various countries' levels are calculated accordingly on a zero to one scale. This emphasis on empowerment is important to this thesis since it addresses the question of independence versus dependence. For example, in an ideal case everyone in the world would have the opportunity to use the Internet, because they would have the adequate educational background, pleasant environment without major factors threatening their lives and living conditions, and the economic resources to take advantage of network services. HDI indicates the distance countries have to travel to reach such equal and independent possibilities in reality."
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Child Development, 2005.
An overview of the psychology of child development from birth to the teenage years.
13,892 words (approx. 55.6 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 170.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how our knowledge of developmental psychology helps us to understand the processes through which children pass side- by-side with the various experiences they encounter as they grow and develop. By looking at the different stages, it examines how such systematic moulding of human behaviours help to make our society better and the societal environment a better place for us to live.
Outline
Abstract
The Beginning of Human Life and Development
Pre - Natal Development
Hazards of Pregnancy
Delivery Hazards of Women
Components of Human Development
Principles of Human Development
Heredity and Environment
The Concept of Environmental Stimulation
Child Language Development
The Cognitive Development of the Child
Moral Development of the Child
Physical Development of the Child
Psychological and Maturational Theories of Human Growth and Development
Critical Appraisal of Piagetian Theory of Human Growth and Development
Erik Erikson's Psychological Development
From the Paper
"Sperms and egg cells have the ability to combine in a process different from that of other cells. When the sperms and egg cells combine, they are referred to as germ cells. They are called germ cells because they look like germinating seeds. For germ cells to be able to produce a new human organism or being, they must pass through a developmental process called maturation. Before maturation of the egg cells takes place, each sperm and egg contain normally, 23 pairs of chromosomes. The fusion of one sperm and one egg will produce a cell - the egg cell. This germ cell begins to develop and in the process experiences a kind of cell division called meiosis which means reduction division. This is because in the process of cell division, the number of chromosomes is reduced. In the case of case of mitosis, the cell division involves increase in and multiplication of cells."
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Childhood Emotional Development, 2008.
An examination of childhood emotional development and how the social environment plays an important role in emotional development.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines traditional schools of thought on childhood emotional development, recent research and probable future directions. The paper explains that one of the most important motivators for positive emotional childhood development is the social environment. The paper then points out that children who enjoy healthy positive social relationships tend to develop more proficiently on an academic and sporting scale; they are also more likely to have greater self-esteem and self-worth than those who endure relationship problems. The paper also looks at how the personality of adolescents is a very important part of childhood emotional development. The paper suggests that the development of children in modern times has been associated with sweeping global changes, perhaps most notably the Internet.
Outline:
Introduction
Vygotsky
Freud
Erikson
Ainsworth
The Social Environment: An Important Part of Emotional Development
Older Children and Adolescence
Current Childhood Development Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is for this reason that children are taught at school from an early age the importance of practicing good social skills and engaging in pro-social behaviors. The importance of a positive social environment for children has been recognized by research which suggests that social development problems cause greater problems over time, leading to adult mental health problems (ibid, p. 98). However, approaches to implementing social skills in children have varied over the decades. Thinking in the 1970s revolved primarily around three schools of thought. The psychoanalytical school of thought maintained that through interpretation of unconscious thoughts, children develop a latent awareness related to appropriate social behaviors. The humanistic approach suggested that children benefit most from empathy and accepting environmental conditions, and that these preconditions were sufficient for future emotional development. The third approach, the behavior modification approach, proposed that appropriate behaviors be treated with reinforcement, increasing the chance that healthy behaviors would appear as the child developed (ibid)."
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Early Childhood Development, 2002.
An analysis of early childhood development according to Abraham Maslow?s theory of human development.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Abraham Maslow's theory of human development, which Maslow diagrammed as a hierarchy of needs. The paper provides a comprehensive description of this hierarchy, the base of which is formed by physiological needs, followed by social needs and culminating in self-actualization. The paper discusses the stages of early childhood development in relation to Maslow's hierarchy, and includes an overview of the developmental problems with abused children.
Table of Contents
Theory of Human Development
Physiological Needs
Safety/Order Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-actualization
Development Stages
Development Flaws in Abused Children
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Abraham Maslow's theory of human development suggests that basic needs are physiological and that the ultimate at the top of the pyramid model is self-actualization, which implies an unattached human being realizing its full potential and autonomy (Maslow). Maslow?s theory of human development involves moving from basic needs (food and shelter) to social needs (love and esteem) to the highest needs on his hierarchy, which lead to self-actualization. According to Maslow?s theory, humans have several types of needs: physiological, safety/order, social, esteem and self-actualization (Maslow). These needs are the basis of his human development theory."
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Post-Development Thinking, 2006.
An analysis of post-development thinking and post-structuralism in development theories.
2,278 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an historical, analytical and critical analysis of development theories. It traces development from modernization, as a globalization project and as a post-structuralist construction. The paper argues that post-structuralism in development studies has opened a wider debate in critically understanding development theory and practice, but the paradigm falls short as a historical project for emancipation and empowerment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Modernism, Marxism and Neoliberalism vs. Post-Structuralism
What has Post-Structuralism done in the Development Debate?
From the Paper
"The crisis of development theory and practice dates back in the 1980s when development as a project failed to alleviate majority of the people from poverty, the crisis of alternatives to neoliberalism due to the collapse of socialism, and the claims of diversity and rejection of homogenisation of the category "Third World" (Simon 1997). The rise of the neoliberal discourse - roughly the emphasis on the market over the state in governance - reached its global scope as hegemonic states and international institutions implemented the Washington Consensus across regions: structural adjustment programs (SAPs) in Latin America and Africa, 'shock therapy' liberalisation and privatisation in post-communist countries, and financial liberalisation coupled with currency devaluation in Asian developmental states as a response to the 1997 Asian Crisis. This interventionist prescription resonating from the international down to the local levels represent what critiques of this development paradigm call modernist or structuralist view on development. Post-development discourse is founded on three critiques to modernization theory: the failure of the development process to alleviate the poor and the marginalised from poverty and hunger; the exclusion of the participants themselves from the formulation of these development strategies; and the over-emphasis of Marxist and Modernist theories on structures rather than agency towards social change."
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Approaches to Employment Development, 2002.
Explains two different approaches to employment developmet: community economic development and small business development.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The aim of employment development is to assist certain groups and individuals to cope with job markets and changing economic development. This paper explains community economic development and small business development--two contemporary approaches to employment development.
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Corruption and Economic Development, 2007.
This paper explores the levels of corruption in relation to economic development in developing countries.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how political, economic, social and cultural conditions prevailing in a country influence the economic development and the level of corruption. The paper discusses the direct relationship between economic development, corruption and political transition in Mexico, Taiwan, Russia and the People's Republic of China. The paper concludes that there are no easy solutions available for developing countries making the transition from authoritarianism to free-market democracy and struggling to establish viable, stable economies.
From the Paper
"Economic development is often correlated to the degree of corruption, especially in countries struggling to transition from authoritarian rule to free-market democracy. For example, in Mexico and Taiwan, it is evident that correlations exist between economic development and corruption, for the sectors of their economies which are performing the best are the ones most riddled with corrupt relationships between government officials and businessmen in the form of paying bribes or providing kickbacks."
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