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Three Freedom Essays on Civil Disobedience, 1984.
This paper compares and contrasts three freedom essays on civil disobedience: "The Crito", by Plato; "Civil Disobedience", by Henry David Thoreau; and "Letter from Birmingham Jail", by Martin Luther King Jr..
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, £ 27.95
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From the Paper
"The following research compares and contrasts three essays: "The Crito", by Plato; "Civil Disobedience", by Henry David Thoreau; and "Letter from Birmingham Jail", by Martin Luther King Jr. Socrates, Thoreau and King each addressed issues of freedom, human rights, and individual rights vs. state rights. Each philosopher was accused of having transgressed certain established codes set up by the state.
Socrates was imprisoned "on charges of corrupting youth and believing in gods other than the state's divinities". In his dialogues with Crito, he explores the nature of the ideal state and the individual in opposition to the goals established by the higher authorities. Plato has come to him in prison to urge him to escape, but Socrates' final resolve is not to challenge an authority which he has submitted to by virtue of ... "
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Civil Disobedience, 2006.
This paper discusses civil disobedience, the active refusal to follow or obey certain laws or demands of a government or ruling power without using physical force or violence.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although civil disobedience is ancient, as old as the Hebrew midwives' defiance of Pharaoh, most of its moral and legal theory and form were shaped by Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.. The author points out that some historians are skeptical about civil disobedience and doubt its effectiveness or reasonableness, but others see it as a highly effective strategy in educating individuals and in bringing about a particular and desired change. The paper concludes that, while Thoreau and others argue that individuals are morally justified in disobeying certain laws, the observation is that few people will actually disobey; these leaders view this docility in the majority as the greater threat to democracy than anarchy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Examples of Civil Disobedience
An Analysis of Civil Disobedience
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Taking after the original example of Henry David Thoreau in secluding himself from the cloak of the law and into the woods in Walden Pond, protesters expressed the same outcry all over the world and in different times. Civil disobedience was used widely in India's nonviolent resistance movements against British colonialism, in South Africa in its fight against apartheid, in civil rights movements in the USA and in Europe and in the resistance movement in Scandinavia against the Nazi occupation. It was also a major strategy adopted by national movements in the former colonies in Africa and Asia before they obtained independence."
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Civil Disobedience, 2002.
An examination of the concept of civil disobedience and its role in American society.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the current need and use for civil disobedience in America. The writer discusses the history of civil disobedience in America and compares it to the current use regarding the war with Iraq. The writer explores several aspects of civil disobedience and how it has changed because of the technological ability currently available.
From the Paper
"The use of civil disobedience in America is a traditional as apple pie. From the inception of this nation residents have used civil disobedience to voice their displeasure at government decisions and government actions. The use of civil disobedience is a right that is protected by the United States constitution. At one time civil disobedience was the only want that attention could be brought to an issue that bothered a group of residents. The television was not invented and the newspapers remained sadly local in their distribution. The gathering and participation of large numbers could bring the attention of the government that individual actions could not garner. Civil disobedience has been effective in bringing about the changes that were desired throughout the nation?s history. Henry Davidson Thoreau, Martin Luther King and others have encouraged civil disobedience as a method of effecting societal and governmental policy changes."
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Civil Disobedience, 2002.
A study of the concept of civil disobedience through American history drawing on the views of David Thoreau and Martin Luther King.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines civil disobedience, defines it as a form of non-violent protest in which concerned citizens deliberately violate a law they consider unjust, and provides examples from American history in which activists have used it to demonstrate the injustice of laws or government policies. The author discusses the advocacy of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King for civil disobedience, and quotes from King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and Thoreau's famous nineteenth century essay on civil disobedience.
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Socrates and Civil Disobedience, 2005.
An analysis of Socrates' inconsistent position regarding civil disobedience.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
With specific reference to the "Apology" and the "Crito", this paper illustrates how Socrates seems to be committed to an inconsistent position regarding civil disobedience. It looks at how the firm stance he takes against civil disobedience in the "Crito" by refusing to escape his unjust verdict is inconsistent with certain claims he previously makes in the Apology. Although narrow in its objective, ultimately this paper addresses the broader question of whether civil disobedience is justifiable when the laws are unjust.
From the Paper
"The Crito is a dialogue between Socrates and his old friend Crito who has come to visit Socrates in jail in a last attempt to persuade him to escape his verdict of death by hemlock. Socrates refuses Crito's help and rationalizes that civil disobedience, in particular escaping one's verdict, is unjust on three different levels. Firstly, Socrates employs the parent-child analogy. Children are not on equal terms with their parents, nor are citizens with the state (Plato, 50e-51a). Thus, as it is wrong to be violent against one's parents it is even more wrong to be violent against one's state. Evading a verdict is harmful to a state because it destroys its credibility and diminishes its authority."
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?Appeal to Civil Disobedience?, 2006.
An examination of Henry David Thoreau's "Appeal to Civil Disobedience".
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
Henry David Thoreau's "Appeal to Civil Disobedience" has an interesting rhetorical appeal which he uses throughout the essay to achieve a link between himself and his reader core. This paper explains that by using the logic of the times to help his efforts, and by using the three rhetorical appeals - ethos, pathos, and logos - a longing for civil disobedience systematically ruled Thoreau's thought process in a time of racial and ethical tension.
From the Paper
"In reference to his ethos, throughout the essay Thoreau establishes his credibility with his persona and tone. Referencing pathos, Thoreau substantiates his written word through interaction with the audience on an emotional level. Finally, in referencing logos, Thoreau has truly perfected the art of logical appeals, by dropping poetic reference in key passages of the essay throughout, and, of course, by using only his, and no one else's thoughts, as a reference to such highly controvercial topics as abolition and slavery."
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Civil Disobedience, 2002.
A study of civil disobedience through the theories of Sophocles, Henry David Thoreau, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of civil disobedience throughout the history of humanity, as seen in Sophocles? play ?Antigone,? Henry David Thoreau?s ?Civil Disobedience? and Martin Luther King Junior?s ?Letter from Birmingham Jail?. The paper describes the common theme of non-violence, even under the threat of death. It illustrates the effects of demonstrating against oppressive rule of government through this method.
From the Paper
"Civil disobedience is a common occurrence that can be traced back throughout human history. The long-standing questions that accompany civil disobedience are when is civil disobedience justified, why should you be disobedient, and what actions are morally right during civil disobedience? Sophocles, Henry David Thoreau, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., express their views on this subject matter and propose different answers to these questions by using different rhetorical methods. Sophocles argues two different views of civil disobedience, first the view of Antigone who, is willing to die to obey the laws of the gods, and then the view of Creon, who is the king and made the law of the land the law by which Antigone dies. Thoreau expresses civil disobedience by refusing to pay taxes. Henry David Thoreau argues for the idea of disobeying a government if it does not please the people. Martin Luther King, Jr. makes the better case for civil disobedience through strong rhetorical tactics, organized preparation, and peaceful negotiations."
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"Civil Disobedience", 2004.
A discussion of Henry David Thoreau's political and philosophical tract,"Civil Disobedience".
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to protest the American government's involvement in the Mexican War of 1846-1848, Henry David Thoreau refused to pay his taxes and was quickly thrown into prison as a result of his nonviolent act of civil disobedience. From prison, he wrote a political and philosophical tract called "Civil Disobedience" in defense of his radical actions. The paper contends that this work condemned the Mexican War as an intentional provocation on the part of the United States.
From the Paper
"Not to need a government is the ideal for Thoreau, self-governance and self-respect-and respect of others in an ideal society. At present, in a non idyllic world, government, Thoreau states, is and should only function as an expedient of the people's will not an institution to satisfy its own needs and its leaders needs. Government is nothing in and of itself, without the people that created it and support it, and when it no longer sustains and supports the people and the popular reasons it came into being, it should be dissolved and a new government should come into being. To make this event occur, all individuals should refuse to participate in unjust governments through peaceful noncompliance until the people's collective will be done."
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Civil Disobedience, 2004.
This paper discusses and analyzes the essay, "Civil Disobedience," by Henry David Thoreau.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Thoreau's essay influenced other leaders of passive resistance campaigns, especially Gandhi and Martin Luther King. It states that Henry David Thoreau may have originally coined the term, "civil disobedience." The paper asks if anyone has been influenced by his writing since he wrote his essay in 1849. It shows how Martin Luther King, Jr. and India's Gandhi were both highly motivated in their fight for equality by the writings of Thoreau. They used his writings to form their own methods of civil protest and civil disobedience, carrying Thoreau's theories around the world.
From the Paper
"Henry David Thoreau may be most known for his lonely stint at Walden Pond, but he also wrote many essays commenting on his times, and the world around him. Thoreau consistently used his own brand of civil disobedience to protest the wrongs he saw around him. One means he used to protest was his refusal to pay a local poll tax. He had not been paying the tax since approximately 1842, in a protest against slavery, and his non-payment caught up with him in 1846, when he spent a night in the local jail. He was prepared to stay longer, but someone, probably a relative, paid the tax, and he was released. His brief stay was quite influential in his work however, and he wrote "Civil Disobedience" partly as a retort about his time in jail."
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The Question of Slavery, Racism and Civil Disobedience., 2002.
An overview of Henry David Thoreau's belief that civil disobedience is justified.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Henry David Thoreau beliefs that civil disobedience was justified. The author believes that the struggle for civil rights today also justifies civil disobedience according to the author. Some followers of Thoreau's principles are Martin Luther King Jr. as well as Frederick Douglass.
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Gandhi, Plato, King and Civil Disobedience, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the concept of civil disobedience in Mahatma Gandhi's "The Salt March" with Plato's "Crito" and King's "Letter from the Birmingham Jail".
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper will use the "Salt March" of Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 as an example of civil disobedience to be analyzed with respect to the theoretical models outlined in Plato's Crito and King's "Letter from the Birmingham Jail". It will be argued that, while there exist strong arguments against civil disobedience - most notably that it often leads to violence and civil unrest - often such acts are justified, as was Gandhi's, as a means of last resort.
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Civil Disobedience: Breaking a Law to Take a Stand, 2006.
An essay discussing the use of civil disobedience in the 1960s to protest the Vietnam War and the injustices suffered by African-Americans.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the criteria established by American Civil Rights leader, Martin Luther King, for determining when civil disobedience is justified and then uses this criteria to explain why the civil disobedience activities waged on behalf of the Civil Rights movement and the anti-Vietnam War movement were justified.
From the Paper
"The tactic of civil disobedience has been used throughout American history as a means of changing social conditions which are unaccaptable on moral grounds, as well as on political grounds in the case of laws which are intrinsically unjust. The American Revolution itself was civil disobedience carried out to its extreme and is defined in the opening words of the Declaration of Independence, which formally defined the right of government as the province of the people and justified the overthrow of the established government if it operated in opposition to the common good."
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The Weapons of Civil Disobedience, 2003.
A look at why civil disobedience is the best way to fight against unjust laws.
2,202 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that people must fight injustice, even if it means fighting the law, but in doing so, they must follow the rules and methods of civil disobedience, not just because history has proved that it is powerful, but because the fight against unjust laws does not give people the right to violate the laws that do support justice and protect the lives and rights of others.
From the Paper
"The world is full of the injustices of people against people and governments against people. In many cases the injustices are committed legally. There are many examples to support this statement. Until recently, South Africa practiced the laws of apartheid against its black people and, until today the Egyptian police have the right to beat suspected criminals to acquire confessions from them. Most people know of these laws and most know, without doubt, that they are unjust. However, only a few people have the courage to take a position against these laws. Many prefer to remain silent as a way of protecting themselves from the applying of these unjust laws, which include torture, upon themselves. This position, which comes from fear, is incorrect. As Henry David Thoreau, an American writer, said in "Civil Disobedience," fighting injustice is the duty of every person who believes that "truth is stronger than error." People must fight injustice even if it means fighting the law but, when they do so, they must follow the rules and methods of civil disobedience, not just because history has proved that it is powerful but, because the fight against unjust laws does not give people the right to violate the laws that do support justice and protect the lives and rights of others."
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Socrates and Civil Disobedience, 2003.
A study of Socrates and his supposed civil disobedience.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Martin Luther King, Jr.'s suggestion that Socrates committed acts of civil disobedience. The paper looks at historical evidence in an attempt to clarify this claim and concludes that, strictly speaking, Socrates did not, but that King was still justified in mentioning him.
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