| Papers [1-14] of 17 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "CAFFEINE": |
|
|
Caffeine and Short Term Memory, 2008.
A discussion on caffeine and short-term memory.
2,788 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 52.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This study discusses the question of whether caffeine actually does stimulate the nervous system in such as way that it improves short-term memory. More specifically, the study supports the hypothesis that a group of male students who drank caffeinated coffee prior to taking a short-term memory test will perform better in terms of accuracy and speed than a group of male students that drank decaffeinated coffee before the test. The focus of the study is on a single research question: "Does caffeine improve the short term memory in male college students?" The paper concludes with an evaluation of the efficacy of the study, noting that, from the results obtained in the study, one cannot determine that caffeine improves short-term memory.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Memory
Significance of Study
Hypothesis and Research Questions
Literature Review
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Memory refers to the way in which humans store information for retrieval at a later time. Memory is the key to learning. Memory begins with a stimulus that is received through the five senses. The brain receives the message and sorts the data according to similarities and differences to other information that it already has in storage. It categorizes the information and places it in a location so that the information can be retrieved at a later date.
"We have several types of memory, one is short-term memory and the other is long-term memory. Short-term memory might only last for a few minutes. A piece of information must enter short-term memory before it can enter long-term memory (Singleton, 2006). Working memory acts as the central processing hub for short-term memory. A stimulus might involve several types of information coming in. Working memory collects them and integrates them so that they can be forwarded to the proper locations in the brain. One example of working memory might be when a person smells smoke, feels heat, and hears a crackling noise. These pieces of information all come from different sensory organs. The working memory integrates them and sends them to the area of the brain where they will be interpreted (Singleton, 2006). These pieces of information might not mean danger when taken individually, but taken together; they will most likely be interpreted as danger."
| |
|
The Effects of Caffeine, 2006.
This paper discusses the effects of caffeine on the cognitive functions of memory and attention.
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper describes how caffeine increases stimulation of the central nervous system. The paper relates how, if taken in low doses, caffeine is an effective stimulant that can enhance the cognitive functions of memory and attention. The paper points out, however, that a high dosage of caffeine can have undesirable effects such as restlessness, irritability and anxiety.
From the Paper
"Although caffeine can be found naturally in many foods, it can also be found in some non-prescription drugs, such as sleep suppressants, to fight drowsiness (Josephy, 1997; Westen, Burton, & Kowalski, 2006). Caffeine is used as an ingredient in these drugs because of its ability to increase the activity of neurons and other cells by stimulating the central nervous system (Goodenough, Wallace, & McGuire, 1998; Harte et al., 1991). However, caffeine does not act by altering the communication between neurons. Instead, it acts by speeding up the metabolic rate of all cells. This increase in cellular metabolism occurs from the increased production of glucose due to caffeine (Goodenough et al.). Further to this, caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, leading to an increased stimulation of the central nervous system (Smit & Rogers, 2000)."
| |
|
Use of Caffeine by Athletes, 2003.
Examines the controversy over whether caffeine enhances performance.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 20 sources, £ 70.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Discusses the ambivalent findings of studies and the theory that caffeine helps athletic performance in endurance sports. Describes how caffeine works in the body, the use of coffee by Americans, in general, and problems of too much caffeine.
From the Paper
"Many people enjoy caffeine because it makes them feel more alert, enhances their energy, improves their mood, and makes them more productive. Athletes often use caffeine to facilitate performance improvement, both in their routine workouts ..."
| |
|
Alcohol and Caffeine, 2007.
This paper provides a review of an experiment "Alcohol, Intentional Control and Inappropriate Behavior: Regulation by Caffeine or an Incentive".
1,143 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 24.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses a study which posited that reduced intentional control of persons under the influence of alcohol could be counteracted by caffeine or an environmental incentive such as money. The paper discusses the variables and methodology used and summarizes the conclusions drawn from the experiment. The paper provides an analysis of this experiment and shows how the dual nature of the experiment is problematic to some degree. The paper discusses what the experiment should have tested instead.
Outline:
Hypothesis Tested in the Experiment
The Variables
The Methodology and Procedures Used
Conclusions Drawn from the Experiment
Analysis
From the Paper
"The researchers wondered if the increased chemical stimulation and arousal produced by the pharmacological effect of caffeine or some other environmental reward (such as money) could function to counteract the depressant action of alcohol upon the central nervous system. The researchers believed that caffeine or an external reward could help restore some intentional control of behavior; much in the way some drinkers insist that a cup of coffee has a sobering effect upon their performance behind the wheel of a moving vehicle."
| |
|
Caffeine & Sports, 1996.
Physiological & psychological effects of drug on athletic performance, regulation, cellular process involved, effectiveness, endurance, metabolism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, £ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The drug, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), is consumed worldwide. It is found in tea, coffee, and soft drinks. Caffeine is also a common ingredient in headache medications and appetite suppressants. The drug's primary physiologic effects involve the central nervous system: Caffeine is a stimulant. In addition, over the past several decades, the compound's influence on sports-related performance has also been investigated. Various studies indicate that caffeine may improve endurance performance during long-term, low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise. It is thought that this effect may result from an increase in metabolic efficiency. Some investigators believe that caffeine enhances the utilization of blood borne free fatty acids. Unfortunately though, such factors as a lack of..."
| |
|
Beating the Addiction, 2009.
A writer's account of how he overcame his addiction to Red Bull caffeine drinks.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this paper, the writer relates his withdrawal symptoms when he attempted to overcome his addiction to Red Bull drinks as well as his relapse prevention strategies, and recounts an incident where he relapsed and intervened. The writer then expresses his thoughts about giving something up and points out the lessons he learned and how they apply to the overall concept of addiction. The writer discusses the symptoms of his addiction and considers whether his behavior change was easy or difficult. Finally, the writer explains what this experience taught him about people who have to give up chemicals and shows how it changed his view of addiction and willpower.
Outline:
Stages of Change
Symptoms of Post Acute Withdrawal
Relapse Prevention Strategies
Incidences of Relapse and How You Tried To Intervene
Your Thoughts/Feelings About Giving Something Up & What You Learned and How it Applies to the Overall Concept of Addicition
Did You Have Symptoms of Addiction?
Was Your Behavior Change Easy or Difficult and Why?
What Did It Teach You About People Who Have To Give Up Chemicals and Did It Change Your View of Addiction and Willpower?
From the Paper
"Although Red Bull energy drinks come stocked with a variety of so-called energy-producing substances including Glucose, Taurine, Glucuronolactone, Niacin, and Sodium Citrate, the active ingredient is none other than Caffeine. While scientists have debated the positive versus the negative effects of the drug, most can say without a doubt that caffeine is highly addictive. Quitting caffeine cold turkey is almost as difficult as quitting smoking, perhaps more so. By journaling my experience giving up Red Bull, and therefore caffeine, the mysteries of the caffeine-free journey will be unearthed."
| |
|
Two Views on the Nature of Nicotine Dependence., 2009.
A look at the nature of nicotine dependence.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of nicotine dependence and looks at whether it would be better if the tobacco industry in the USA was destroyed. The author also looks at the use of caffeine, including a personal account of his intake.
Outline:
Discussion on Whether American Society be better off if the Tobacco Industry was Completely Destroyed
Major Concerns Regarding Caffeinism and the Potential Toxicity of Caffeine
Imposing Restrictions on Children from Caffeine Use - is this a Matter for Government Involvement?
Personal Intake of Caffeine and Resulting Affects
From the Paper
"In the United States, dependence on nicotine is characterized by a recurrent pattern of the use of nicotine in such a manner that it may lead to social, occupational or medical problems. In addition, an individual is felt to be physiologically dependent on nicotine if the subject requires ever increasing levels of nicotine to achieve the same level of comfort, of if the individual experiences withdrawal symptoms within hours to days after t he last episode of use. (Typical withdrawal symptoms include tachycardia, tremor, agitation, and anxiety although in those with heavy or prolonged use there are cases of nausea, vomiting and transient visual, tactile or auditory hallucinations). In most cases, the subject will often use nicotine for a longer period than was originally intended and will attempt to discontinue or decrease use, often times unsuccessfully. Probably one of the greatest indicators of nicotine dependence is the continued use despite medical or personal consequences, i.e. a diagnosis of a nicotine related cancer, the loss of a job, etc (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) . One school of thought relates nicotine dependence to the effect of nicotine exposure on the brain. It is easy to understand that early exposure activates nicotinic receptors. The theory that tolerance to levels of nicotine increases the number of binding sites in the brain is not necessarily true. Increased sensitivity to nicotine is not always associated with greater degree of use and resultant biochemical tolerance. In fact, in rodent models in which nicotine was provided at stable dosing, there was still evidence of increases in the number of nicotinic binding sites in the brain. This in turn gives pause to the theory that fluctuating levels of nicotine in the smoker contribute to new nicotinic receptor activation."
| |
|
The Legalization of Drugs.
This paper argues against the legalization of drugs, which has been an ongoing debate since the 1970s.
3,340 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discuss marijuana, crack/cocaine, tranquilizers, hallucinogens, amphetamines, heroin, alcohol, nicotine. and caffeine to provide a framework for the author's argument that the legalization of drugs can in no way be deemed ethical or moral. The author points out that caffeine is an amphetamine, but it doesn't stand out because it is legal; although the effects of overuse don't seem to be as serious as those of other "harder" drugs, caffeine can be a dangerous drug. The paper concludes that the only argument that can be used to justify the legalization of drugs is ethical formalism; therefore, with only one available argumentative system to justify drug legalization as a moral act, the author believes that the conclusion to reject the legalization is correct.
From the Paper
"What is a drug? A drug, as defined by "Webster's Dictionary" is: (1) a substance used as a medication or in the preparation of a medication, (2) a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, (3) a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body, (4) a substance that causes addiction or habituation. The fact that the definition of drugs has so many components may be the cause of why society cannot come up with an agreement about whether or not drugs should be legalized. The definition contains the medical use of drugs which in the majority of cases are pharmacological drugs that have been recognized by doctors and pharmacists and it also contains the negative side of drugs which is the fact that drugs can cause addiction or habituation and can affect the body and mind. All drugs affect the body and mind. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, illegal drugs, and the drugs that we sometimes fail to recognize as drugs because they are so common."
| |
|
Coffee and Me, 2002.
An analysis of the metabolism of coffee and its affects on the body.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay discusses how caffeine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant whose effects diminish with increased usage. Larger doses, therefore, become necessary to avoid withdrawal symptoms. The exact mechanisms of caffeine's effects are not well known but are due, in general, to altered levels of certain neurotransmitters and the metabolism of circulating free fatty acids.
| |
|
Dehydration, 2009.
A brief look at the effects of dehydration on the human body.
996 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 22.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of dehydration by looking at why water is essential to health maintenance, the functions of water in the body and what happens to the body when it does not get the water it needs. It further compares and contrasts how different electrolytes including sodium, potassium and chloride function in the body. In addition, the paper examines the effects of alcohol and caffeine on hydration levels in the body and what steps people can take to ensure they do not become dehydrated.
Outline:
Introduction
Water and the Body
Water's Role
The Body's Shifting Need For Water
Salt and Water for Proper Hydration
Signs of Dehydration
Effects of Alcohol on Body's Hydration
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the body ages and particularly in the twenties when there is a decrease in growth hormone production the body's perception of thirst decreases. Growth hormones "regulate water in conjunction with histamine." (Klotter, 2001) Aging of the body results in a lesser awareness of thirst and resulting is a lessening in water consumption and the water content "within cell decreases so that cellular water can be redistributed to the brain and other vital functions" of the body. When the body does not intake enough water the body's neurotransmitter "histamine is activated" which in turn "activates prostaglandins, kinins, and vasopressin, in an effort to redistribute water according to priority." (Klotter, 2001) When the body doesn't receive enough water, resulting can be problems that include damage to the DNA as well as "reduced efficiency of DNA repair system, immune suppression, and irregular protein production in cells, which encourages cancer cell formation." (Klotter, 2001) "
| |
|
The Effects of Chemicals on Daphnia Heart, 2005.
Describes an experiment that looks at the effects of chemicals on heart of a Daphnia.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 18.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper describes an experiment, which stimulates the hearts of Daphnia by using caffeine, nicotine, epinephrine, ethyl, a diluted salt solution and various pH 10 solutions. The author reports measuring the heart rates of the Daphnia and discusses the changes in heart rate for each of the stimuli.
Table of Contents:
Materials and Methods
Result Analysis
Discussion
Graphs
From the Paper
"Giving Nicotine to the second Daphnia, caused a drop in its heart rate (graph 2). Since nicotine is a widely used drug which is a depressant, it lowers the beating of the Daphnia heart. The Daphnia that acquired epinephrine, experienced a jump in heart rate (graph 3). Epinephrine, otherwise know as adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. It stimulates autonomic nerve action, which is why a rise is heart rate was observed."
| |
|
The Legitimization of Drugs.
This paper discusses various categories of drugs and the issue of their legitimization.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the term 'drug' is extremely broad and can be used to describe nearly any substance, which has a discernible effect on the person using the drug. The author points out that the legalization status of drugs in general is widely varied: Some drugs are entirely legal, others are legal but require a prescription and still others are completely illegal. The paper states that if drug use is legalized, drug abuse would become a public health problem; therefore, the benefit to society is that the treatment of drug abusers would become health-focused rather than criminally-focused as it is now.
Table of Contents
Stimulants
Caffeine
Amphetamine
Other Stimulants including Ecstasy and Cocaine
Depressants
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepiness.
Drug Legalization
Definition of Drug Legalization
Arguments For and Against Legalization
Potential Effects of Drug Legalization
Drug Abuse after Legalization
From the Paper
"Caffeine is one of the most widely used drugs in the United States. It is a stimulant found in coffee, black tea, many soft drinks, and some other consumables. There are two primary steps in the way caffeine works. First, the drug interrupts a process in the nervous system that generally stems the body's release of adrenaline, causing more adrenaline than usual to be released into the body. Additionally, caffeine inhibits the reuptake of adrenaline by the nervous system, causing the heightened amounts of adrenaline to have a prolonged effect. ("Caffeine"). The purchase and consumption of caffeine is legal for all ages in the United States."
| |
|
Chocolate, 2002.
An evaluation of how chocolate in moderate doses can actually improve quality of life.
7,825 words (approx. 31.3 pages), 125 sources, MLA, £ 107.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
For years, chocolate has been looked down upon as unhealthy, deemed a candy, slapped with myths and fallacies and prohibited from small children. This paper attempts to prove otherwise by showing how chocolate has been shown to lift depression, help your heart and aid alertness among other benefits and if used properly, chocolate can be a delicacy and a medicine. It examines all aspects of chocolate possible from its production from the cocoa bean, to physiological effects on the brain and body to side effects such as obesity and dental problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Brief Review of Cocoa
The Cacao Tree (Theobrom Cacao)
What is in the Cocoa Bean?
Making and Eating Chocolate
State of the Art of Cocoa
Is Cocoa Good for You?
Burden of Proof
Chocolate as a Fat
Effects on Blood Lipids
What is OK?
Chocolate, Health and Disease
Chocolate Craving
Migraine
Toxicity
Immune Function
Allergy
Other Disorders
Behavior
Antioxidants
Caffeine
Dental Caries
Migraines
Obesity
Serum Cholesterol
Heart Health
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Cocoa takes it a step further though. Not only does it provide energy for our actions. It supplies chemicals for our personalities and moods. Modern psychology leads us to believe that every thought, every idea that pops into our head is simultaneously a biological reaction. This biological reaction takes the form of chemical processes within our brains. Our mind then interprets these chemical compounds as thoughts, ideas, smells, tastes, touch, etc. Our thoughts, or chemicals compounds within our brain can determine how we feel, our motivation, our goals, our entire lives hinge upon our thoughts, for what are we but what we do. And before we do anything, we must think it. We must have considered it at some point or been subconsciously predisposed to an action or idea."
| |
|
Psychological Effects of Drugs and Alcohol, 2004.
Discusses the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, £ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain and how those effects play a role in the overall psychological constitution of the user/addict. The topics included in this paper include a brief yet detailed overview of substance dependence in conjunction with the evidence for psychological dependence as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV and other pertinent scientific sources. In addition, a number of recommendations for future research on the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol are discussed at the conclusion of this paper.
Substance Dependence
Substance-Induced Disorders
Alcohol
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Nicotine
Opioids
Phencyclidine
Sedatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The study of the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain, as compared to other medical conditions, is relatively new in the field of medical research. Only within the last fifty years or so has the medical community focused on how drugs and alcohol affect the human brain and the conditions that arise from prolonged abuse of the various associated substances. As Dent J. Yerbury points out, "literally hundreds of substances cross the brain barrier to influence human behavior and psychology" (June,1986), especially those connected to substance abuse. Reflecting those substances that are most widely abused and that cause the most significant problems to the abuser, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM--IV) has divided the universe of substances into eleven specific drug classes--alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, and sedatives. Most recently, one other category has been included for less commonly abused substances, being over-the-counter medications."
|
|
|
