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The American Presidency, 2004. A discussion on whether the problem with the American Presidency is that expectations exceed capacity. 1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 31.95 »
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Abstract The American President is perceived as extremely powerful and also as constrained in a number of ways. This paper considers the actual power of an American President compared with the perceived power. It also compares the role of the American President to that of the British Prime Minister.
From the Paper "It is certainly the case that American Presidents are viewed and indeed portrayed as powerful individuals. Part of this is due to the media's focus on the personality of presidents and presidential candidates at the expense of their policies and actual role. A President's influence in Washington relies on how he is perceived by the public - more so than a Prime Minister's, which depends more on the view of his cabinet and parliament, which is then adopted by he media - and so this public image is continuously cultivated by the President himself."
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Books on Civil Rights and the American Presidency, 2005. Reviews four books: two on civil rights in the South and two on the presidency. 5,424 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 93.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents a review of "Ghosts of Mississippi", by Maryanne Vollers; "Sons of Mississippi", by Paul Hendrickson; "The White House Staff", by Bradley H. Patterson; and "The American Presidency", by Sidney M. Milkis and Michael Nelson. The first two books listed are about civil rights in the South and the second two are about the American presidency.
From the Paper "Maryanne Vollers introduces her text by stating that Byron De La Beckwith was not an ordinary prisoner and he was not treated like one. The subject of Vollers' book is the murder of civil rights activist of Medgar Evers by Byron De La Beck and the determined efforts of Myrlie Evers to bring Beck to justice -- an effort that took quite literally decades despite the fact that it was well known that Beck was Evers' killer."
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?The American Presidency?, 2002. A review of this exhibition situated at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. 991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, £ 24.95 »
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Abstract "The American Presidency" is an exhibit at the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. This paper discusses the exhibit and shows its importance at conveying information of the presidency in American life, in American history and in the development of a new form of government with the Constitution. The author explains that the exhibit is a chance to see pictures of all 42 presidents, get a sense of their time, a sense of their place in history and an idea of some of their accomplishments. The exhibit conveys this as information, but through the various objects in the exhibit which came from the presidency of each man, the visitor can feel closer to these men as human beings by being in the presence of objects they may have touched and used. The paper also quotes from the booklet which accompanies the exhibition.
From the Paper "The exhibit says much about the nature of that job--the problems faced, the responsibilities heeded, the legacy created, and the relationship of each man to the history of his time. Some of the objects in the exhibit take the visitor directly to the human being who held office, such as Abraham Lincoln's ink stand (most certainly not different from thousands of ink stands of the period, but with a different aura because of who used it), the military uniform worn by Eisenhower (which gives a good sense of the stature of the man in real terms), or President Grant's carriage. The first thing that strikes the visitor about these different objects is their normal size, for the image we have of these men and their actions is larger than life, while the objects they used are quite normal and remind us that they were only human beings after all."
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The American Presidency, 2004. This paper discusses the nature and growth of presidential powers as defined by the authority of the Constitution. 1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 39.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the authority of the presidency is enumerated by Article II of the Constitution; but, because of the efforts of specific office holders, presidential powers have stretched beyond the limitations envisioned by some of the founding fathers. The author points out that, in spite of the best efforts by each man who has held the office of the president, the presidency remains quite separate from the president as manifested with each transition of power from one president to the next; nevertheless, the framers of the Constitution left enough room for ambitious office holders to increase the power of the position as demonstrated by Presidents Nixon and Bush II. The paper states that the growth of presidential authority is not inherently bad for the American people because it is a response to the changing climate and difficult threats of the modern world, which usually require a single leader to ensure the survival of the country.
Table of Contents
Enumerated Powers
Increasing the President's Constitutional Authority
The Future of the Presidency
From the Paper "Since the United States Constitution officially took effect in 1788, very few changes to the document have been made; yet in spite of the relative static nature of the document, the power of the American presidency has increased. And rather than fight against the expanding authority of the president, the American public seems to embrace an ever-enlarging assumption of power by the president. Americans want their president to be strong but not overreaching, decisive but inclusive, commanding but not overbearing. These kinds of demands on the American chief politician have stretched the powers of the presidency. Today, the office has grown to immense proportions not just in the United States, but also in the eyes of the entire world. This all takes place in spite of the efforts of various individuals, groups and even nations that attempt to reign in the power of the leader of the world. Interestingly, this enlargement of the presidency has occurred in spite of the "legislative supremacy"1 many of the framers intended."
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American Presidents, 2002. An overview of the life and political careers of seven presidents in American history. 2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, £ 61.95 »
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Abstract This paper presents political biographies of seven selected American presidents. In brief accounts, the paper highlights accomplishments, challenges and legacies of the presidents in their political career.
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American Presidents, 2002. An insight into the first five presidents of America. 1,937 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 42.95 »
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Abstract This paper introduces the topic of American history as it relates to the first five presidents of the United States. Specifically, it discusses the impact of early leaders of America on the democratic government and how the first five presidents impacted early American government. It also looks at the accomplishments of each president and different facts about each that contributed positively and negatively on America as it formed as a nation. The first five presidents of the United States were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe. It shows how each man influenced American history in his own unique and significant ways, with both positive and negative results and how these leaders were really creating the office of President as they tried to run the country with intelligence and finesse.
From the Paper "Thomas Jefferson served as the Vice-president under John Adams, and defeated him in the presidential election of 1800 as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. His Vice-president was Aaron Burr. The two were actually elected in February 1801, as they had both received the same number of president elector votes, and the tie had to be broken by additional voting. Jefferson served two terms as President. During his terms, he created the Army Corps of Engineers and the United States Military Academy, and signed the Louisiana Purchase, nearly doubling the size of the United States with the purchase. He also funded the exploration of Lewis and Clark, which ultimately led to the expansion of the United States all the way to the Pacific Ocean (Kane 28)."
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?The Presidency and the Political System?, 2002. A review and critique of the book ?The Presidency and the Political System? by Michael Nelson. 1,517 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 0 sources, £ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the book, "The Presidency and the Political System" by Michael Nelson which consists of a series of theoretical overviews, with several essays and excerpts beneath each rubric, detailing the nature of the modern American presidency. It discusses how at first, this may seem to give the book the quality of a simply summary or an overview of American history, however, the book emerges overall as a penetrating analysis of the nature of the American Presidency in the current era of politics. It looks at how it challenges the reader with the potent question of why should the American system continue in the form that it has over the course of the past century and into the 21st century.
From the Paper "Nelson frames the book with an editorial preface entitled ?Evaluating the Presidency.? Nelson suggests that this institution of leadership is both strong, but is in need of further adjustments to become fully responsive to the changing needs of the postmodern era. The first part of the book, entitled, ?Presidency in Comparative Perspective? is particularly illustrative in light of current critiques of the United States? relationship with the European powers. ?Comparing the Core Executive in Britain, France, and the United States,? Nigel Bowles stresses how the British Prime Minister is less invested with the awesome symbolic weight of the American Presidency, because of the existence of the monarchy. Yet the Prime Minister is in a way more powerful as a chief executive, than is the American President, because under the British system, the Prime Minister always has a majority in the legislative branch."
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The Media and the President, 2002. Examines the media's influence on the American President's life, actions and, ultimately, the outcome of presidential elections. 2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 67.95 »
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Abstract In modern society, public perception of the United States president depends largely on television news coverage. Aware of this, presidents and presidential candidates manipulate the media to create favorable impressions of themselves and their policies. Acting in self-interest to entertain a large audience, the press often sensationalizes events and fails to fully inform the public on realities of news and current situations. The American public has grown disillusioned and apathetic and fails to turn to other sources to educate itself. As a result, the public never sees an accurate reflection of a president's performance. This paper traces how the press has gained increased control over the president's actions and largely determines the outcome of presidential elections.
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Top Five Great Presidents, 2006. An assessment of which presidents qualify as a top five United States presidents, based on the criteria set forth in the book, "Hail to the Chief. The Making and Unmaking of American Presidents" by Robert Dallek. 1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper uses the criteria established by Robert Dallek in his book "Hail to the Chief. The Making and Unmaking of American Presidents" to determine which presidents of the United States qualify as the top five. Citing Dallek's conclusion that the five characteristics found in the most effective presidents are vision, pragmatism, consensus, charisma and credibility, the paper assesses which presidents possess these qualities and concludes that Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush are the top five U.S. presidents ever.
From the Paper "Dallek points out that the White House today is as removed from Washington's day as space travel is from the horse and buggy, and that the global responsibilities a president faces today actually dwarf those his counterpart encountered in the 1790's, as well as the president's impact on the economic and social life of the country. Because of nuclear weapons, electronic communications, and national and international responsibilities, presidents today are forced to think and act differently than earlier predecessors, however, the elements of compelling leadership have remained unchanged through the years."
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The Death of the John Tyler Presidency, 2000. This paper is based on the events surrounding the explosion of the gun cannon Peacemaker abroad the USS Princeton on February 28, 1844, and its effect on the administration of a President that many consider the worst in American history. 9,000 words (approx. 36.0 pages), 85 sources, £ 129.95 »
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Abstract Many people regard John Tyler as one of the worst Presidents in American History. This paper argues that John Tyler first had to face a lack of legitimacy and over come an inter-government conflict between the President and Congress. To over come these factors, Tyler?s administration engaged in other activities to get around Congress. These activities were intended to make a last legacy for the John Tyler Presidency.
From the Paper "The three great achievements of the Tyler Administration were going to be the modernization of the United States Navy, the annexation of Texas, and the acquiring of the Oregon Territory from the British,. However all of this came to an end with those killed aboard the USS Princeton."
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The Spanish American War, 2002. This paper examines the Spanish American War from the perspective of two different writers, John Offor?s ?Why Did the United States Fight Spain in 1898?? and Lewis Gould?s ?The Spanish American War and President McKinley?. 1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 30.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that both authors agree victory in the Spanish American War resulted in the image of the United States as a nation with global interests, acquiring Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands from Spain, and giving Cuba independence. The author stresses that Gould saw McKinley as a purposive and effective executive, but Offor described the president as a tentative man who did not want to go to war, but was pressured by the public to do so. The paper points out that McKinley, the first modern president, assumed a new role during this war, as McKinley led the nation's military effort, functioning directly as commander in chief, which had never been done before.
From the Paper "Thus, North American investment, particularly in plantations, mills, and mines, increased significantly in Cuba. By 1895, North American businessmen had invested up to 50 million dollars in Cuba, and by 1893, commerce exceeded 100 million dollars. According to Offor, ?For the United States, Cuba was an important market for industrial goods and a source of raw sugar, tobacco, and various minerals; for Cuba, the United States was the essential importer of over 90 percent of sugar produced on the island ?. Still, many North Americans were prejudiced against Spaniards and Cubans. The public viewed Spain as degenerate, with Catholic inquisition cruelties, a corrupt monarchy, and a backward economy. This view led to somewhat of a feeling of superiority."
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The Presidency of Lyndon Johnson, 2006. This paper examines the life and political career of Lyndon B. Johnson, whose presidency fundamentally changed American politics forever. 1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes Lyndon Johnson's unique path to power and the presidency. The writer of this paper details the highlights in Johnson's personal life as well as his political career. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908 in Stonewall, Texas and established himself in politics from an early age, by becoming secretary in 1931 to Congressman Richard M. Kleberg. The writer of this paper delves into Johnson's lengthy political career up until and including the events that led to his presidency upon John F. Kennedy's assassination. This paper details several events in Johnson's career which changed the face of politics forever, including his 1964 groundbreaking civil rights legislation. The writer contends that in spite of all the progress Johnson made in the area of civil rights, his legacy will be forever overshadowed by the Vietnam War. This paper examines the events that led Johnson's decisions regarding the Vietnam conflict which resulted in thousands of American deaths. This paper also delves into Johnson's actions which prompted legislation that placed limits on the power of the presidency.
From the Paper "In spite of all the progress Johnson made in the area of civil rights, his legacy will be forever overshadowed by Vietnam. Less than three weeks after the Republican National Convention of 1964, the United States Navy was attacked by patrol boats belonging to North Vietnam, in the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson, not wanting to appear weak on defense, felt he had little choice but to respond forcibly. The result was a consistent escalation of the war from 1964 through 1968, which resulted in thousands of American deaths. Johnson was afraid that too much focus on Vietnam would distract attention from his Great Society programs, so the levels of military escalation, while significant, were never enough to make any real headway in the war."
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Arthur Schlesinger's "Imperial Presidency", 1985. This paper is a critical review of the book Arthur Schlesinger's "Imperial Presidency" on changes in the presidency. 1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, £ 27.95 »
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From the Paper In "The Imperial Presidency", Arthur Schlesinger Jr. addresses the changing role of the president in the United States, noting the fact that by the early 1970s, when he wrote this book, the president had become almost an absolute monarch in certain matters. Schlesinger traces the history of the presidency and considers how the concept of the office has changed, how the men elected to this office have contributed to this change, and how the system functioned in the early 1970s.
Schlesinger begins with the Founding Fathers and examines what they intended and how they embodied the concepts in the Constitution for the new nation. He considers how the attitudes of the Founding Fathers influenced the direction of the presidency during the first few administrations. The Founding ... "
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The Presidency of Richard Nixon, 2002. Examines the period of U.S. History during the Presidency of Richard Nixon and the enduring consequences of his presidency, especially with regard to the Watergate Scandal. 2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 11 sources, £ 55.95 »
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Abstract Nixon resigned from his office nearly thirty years ago, and his legacy continues to be shrouded in controversy. He was a complex, inconsistent, and highly contradictory personality whose presidency was an extremely mixed bag of successes, failures, and confusion. Nixon once made the prediction that by the turn of the century, he would begin to be viewed in a more favorable light. Marked by solid achievements both at home and abroad, Nixon's work while in office ended the Imperial Presidency, reopened Western communication with China and Russia, helped see the country through its first round of serious welfare reform; in short, Nixon did have a significantly positive impact upon the nation. But, it was Watergate that opened the doors to the seedier and frightening side of the Nixon Presidency. Secret tapings, brutal escalations in Vietnam, conspiracies to harm other politicians, and his involvement in the thefts at Watergate all cast a deep shadow over what Nixon had been able to accomplish. The most egregious abuses of executive privilege occurred under President Nixon who invoked that doctrine to shield embarrassing and incriminating information (Rozell, 762). It is the purpose of this paper to examine the Presidency of Richard M. Nixon, and to pay special attention to the implications of Watergate both during and after his term.
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