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The Concept of American Isolationism, 2003.
A look at the practice of American isolationism in the first decades of the 1900s and the affect of this practice on future foreign policies.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper thoroughly explores the policies of American isolationism from World War I into the 1920s. It discusses how this policy was mostly held by Americans who did not want their country to be involved in foreign wars and who wanted America to be isolated from the problems of European nations.
From the Paper
"In its broadest sense, the term isolationism refers to the period in American history between the end of World War I and into the 1920?s when certain American citizens and organizations held the view that America should remain a non-intervention and unilateral nation in regard to involvement in the affairs of Europe, especially pertaining to European wars and related military conflicts. Although isolationism itself "was a rather old concept in American history, it was only within the 20th century that it gained prominence and came under attack by numerous political and social critics" (Powaski 25). However, as individuals and entities, those that advocated isolationism did not want the U.S. to sever itself from the rest of the world, for they did not oppose foreign trade and nor American expansion through what was then known as "Manifest Destiny", a policy begun in the later years of the 19th century. Isolationists, for the most part, were not pacifists either, for "they favored the maintenance of military force and might in order to safeguard American interests and national security" (Cooper 35). One of the main components of the isolationist mind was a deep-seated distrust of Europe, especially when it came to Great Britain, for in essence, the isolationists believed that "America had the capability to help the rest of the world through the build-up of its own prosperity and freedom rather than by political or diplomatic involvement in Europe" (Cooper 37)."
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Nationalism, Isolationism and the Internet, 2006.
This paper examines the combination of nationalism and isolationism within the realm of the internet and advanced technology.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the reason the internet is such a big part of globalization is due to the fact that for the first time in history, any individual in any part of the world can communicate in a completely uncensored way over the entire planet. This paper focuses on the combination of nationalism and isolationism within the realm of the internet. This paper examines the advantages of nationalism that began to flourish, thanks in large part to internet technology, as the first world nations and the rest of the industrialized world separated itself from the less capable or developed nations. This paper analyzes the numerous aspects of the internet which are far different from other mediums as it provides a way to present information in a variety of approaches, each uniquely different and targeted to a specific audience. The paper also discusses the downside to the internet and advanced technology, in that it has become a source of isolationism in many third world countries. The writer claims that internet access on a global scale has a definite negative stigma which has been termed the 'digital divide.' This paper examines how the movement of globalization and strong nationalism has isolated third world nations. The writer contends that while nationalism flourishes, attention must be given to the those third world countries that have become more and more isolated due to their inability to bring technology to their citizens.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Internet
Nationalism & Globalization
Isolationism
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The internet is basically a way for organizations, parties and movements to present them selves in the same way as we would look at a magazine, newspaper, radio shows or television presentations. The unique aspects of the Internet that is different from these other mediums because it provides a way to present information in a plethora of ways, each way uniquely different for however the target audiences may be. In the same respect, the Internet can personalize 'homepages,' or web sites to also present a very individual message for different audiences. The Internet, therefore, is a much more public and at the same time personal provider of information. This also entails that a majority of the Internet is completely dominated by individual users such as newsgroups, chats, BBS while other parts are completely commercial business related."
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American Isolationism, 2005.
A look at the history, reasons and consequences of America's policy of isolationism.
2,383 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons why America pursued a policy of isolationism following WWI, how that policy was implemented and why America eventually moved away from an isolationist policy after WWII.
From the Paper
"In its broadest sense, the term isolationism refers to the period in American history between the end of World War I and into the 1920's when certain American citizens and organizations held the view that America should remain a non-intervention and unilateral nation in regard to involvement in the affairs of Europe, especially pertaining to European wars and related military conflicts. Although isolationism itself "was a rather old concept in American history, it was only within the 20th century that it gained prominence and came under attack by numerous political and social critics." 1 However, as individuals and entities, those that advocated isolationism did not want the U.S. to sever itself from the rest of the world, for they did not oppose foreign trade and nor American expansion through what was then known as "Manifest Destiny", a policy begun in the later years of the 19th century. Isolationists, for the most part, were not pacifists either, for "they favored the maintenance of military force and might in order to safeguard American interests and national security." 2 One of the main components of the isolationist mind was a deep-seated distrust of Europe, especially when it came to Great Britain, for in essence, the isolationists believed that "America had the capability to help the rest of the world through the build-up of its own prosperity and freedom rather than by political or diplomatic involvement in Europe." "
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Refuting Qing Chinese Isolationism, 1650-1911., 2006.
An argument regarding Chinese cultural isolationism and Qing China.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper refutes the old notion that it was Chinese cultural isolationism that caused Qing China to evade European influence. This paper provides a full exploration of the connections to other regional powers during the Qing period. The paper further discusses the bordering areas that were a grave concern to the Qing Dynasty as a foreign Manchu entity that had usurped Ming power. The paper provides examples of the complexity of East Asian and other Asian relations, Qing strategies, and the natural response to European involvement of trying to close China's borders. The paper also reviews domestic problems that threatened Qing power.
From the Paper
"A mistake was made for many years of seeing China - or all of East Asia -- as isolated from outside influence, as part of a Eurocentric view of world history. The idea of China as especially stagnant and backward, and thus, unwilling to open her doors to Western business activities, helped a number of rationales for European imperialism, in ideas of what might be for China's own good, or the irrationality of permitting Western permanence in the region. In contrast, one can see how Chinese influence extended through most of Asia and far beyond, especially after the 16th century, as a result of the Qing consolidation."
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'Cultural Isolationism' vs. Interaction., 2006.
A discussion regarding 'Cultural Isolationism' vs. interaction in early modern East Asia.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the approaches of world history in relation to three examples from Qing China, Tokugawa Japan and Choson Korea that were once interpreted culturally, but have ordinary political and economic explanations. Qing China resented the UK opium trade from which it could not profit, Tokugawa Japan questioned the motivations of Portugal's missionaries, and Choson Korea functioned from fear of Japanese aggression, towards decisions that limited European access.
From the Paper
"The notion of a stagnant and culturally isolated East Asia, was a common error of the recent past. World History's approaches force attention to local and particular developments so that what actually comes into view are three East Asians powers focused on protectionism. One sees that they did not isolate themselves from other influences but reacted, as one would expect when Western powers seemed to threaten their local control. Had Qing China or Tokugawa Japan or Choson Korea simply shunned outside influences out of cultural preference, this would have been a remarkable state of affairs, indeed."
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Early East Asia and Isolationism, 2006.
A look at China, Japan, and Korea from 1500 to 1920 and the notion, commonly held by foreigners of that era, that these countries had grown up in isolation.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Past mistakes when writing the history of China, Japan and Korea, involved seeing these societies as having grown up in isolation from the rest of the world, until the arrival of European explorers and traders of the early 16th century. This paper helps to show that Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Choson Korea, did have knowledge of other civilizations, and exposure to them.
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American Isolationist Policies, 2007.
This paper examines the effects of America becoming more isolationist in its economic and foreign policies.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the current isolationist policies adopted by the United States with regards to its foreign policy agenda. The paper examines when the current American attitude towards isolationism began and the considerations that led to this trend. The paper provides a detailed cost and benefits analysis of these policies. The paper notes the economic, political, militaristic and social benefits of the current isolationist policy for the United States but reveals that they are all short lived. The paper contends that for the government to continue this policy at the cost of engendering international alienation and condemnation is unthinkable.
From the Paper
"The first and most obvious question to consider, is when the current American attitude towards isolationism began. After all, it was a strong consideration for world affairs and multilateral cooperatives that resulted in the Allies victory in World War II. Even in the decades after, American interest in containing the Communist bloc led to unprecedented creations of multilateral protectionism and aid agreements. No defining events seems obvious that would attribute the current state of isolationist policy to something tangible and concrete. Sanford Ungar noted in a research analysis in 1985 that "the United States is estranged from the world - separate, aloof more alone than even the most cynical of pessimistic observers might have predicted in the heyday of American postwar power" (Ungar, 120). Ungar's research indicates that as early as 1982, with Reaganomics still the foundation of economic recovery in America, the country's foreign policy approach turned decisively isolationist."
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American Foreign Policy, 2001.
An analysis of the argument for internationalism in American foreign policy.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the United States of America should practice internationalism and not isolationism nor a combination of the two as its dominant political value system. To demonstrate this and to provide evidence for this thesis, the paper analyzes the essay published in 1941 entitled "The American Century" by Henry Luce. In addition, the paper looks at American international relations since World War II, and American influence throughout the world.
From the Paper
"Luce wrote his essay on February 17, 1941 for the popular periodical Life Magazine. He wrote in the face of the massive destruction wrought upon the United Kingdom during Battle of Britain. In years before, America had held fast to the words of Founding Father George Washington, who warned against entangling foreign alliances, as practiced by most of the European nations. For much of America?s history, this council had seemed wise. Yet after World War I, this advice began to seem less effective. The United State Senate?s refusal to allow the U.S. to enter the League of Nations, even though its own President, Woodrow Wilson had been critical in the construction of the League, had resulted in the League?s inefficacy. Prime Minister of Britain Neville Chamberlain had pursued an isolationist policy as part of Britain?s ideology, only to see that nation collapse under its dead weight, under the wake of Hitler?s attempt to dominate Europe and bomb England to destruction."
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Justifying American Imperialism, 2000.
A discussion of American imperialistic ventures in the late 1800's, specifically the Spanish American War, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, explaining why intervention was justified.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses many primary sources of the day and their opinions on what America was doing at the time, including the debate between isolationism and the belief in intervention. The paper quotes many opinions backing both sides and shows why one side was right.
From the Paper
From the outset of the United States? independence from Britain, it had abided by a foreign policy of no foreign policy. This isolationist policy was stressed by George Washington, the nation?s first president. It was not until the late 19th century that the United States took an active role in international politics, intervening between Spain and Cuba. This intervention led to the Spanish American War, and the US gaining additional territories from Spain. The issue of whether the US had the right to control Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines was a topic of great debate among the politicians of the day. The vast public opinion favored the United State?s intervention and expansion, as it was clearly the reasonable approach.
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World War II, 2005.
A discussion on the causes of the second World War.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether American isolationism caused the Second World War. It defines isolationism. The author contends that it is an oversimplification to assert that American isolationism caused WWII to break out in Europe or in Asia.
From the Paper
"A critical question addressed by many historians is the question of whether or not American isolationism caused the Second World War. Historian Paul Johnson takes the position that it is also a myth that America's ..."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 1776-1830, 1999.
A look at the evolution of the policy, focusing on origins, purpose and impact of the Monroe Doctrine, colonialism, nationalism, neutrality, isolationism and intervention, during the years 1776-1830.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses whether the Monroe Doctrine formed part of a coherent and consistent American foreign policy during the period 1776 to 1830. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in reaction to a specific set of circumstances related to American perceptions of threatened intervention by European powers in North and South America. It, nevertheless, reaffirmed and was consistent with mainstream themes of American foreign policy since the American Revolution, namely, the avoidance of entanglement of the United States in the affairs of the rest of the world, except as required for the protection of its commercial interests and its own defense against attack. It reflected American commitment to the ideals of the Revolution
From the Paper
"MONROE DOCTRINE AND U. S. FOREIGN POLICY (1776-1830)
This research paper discusses whether the Monroe Doctrine formed part of a coherent and consistent American foreign policy during the period 1776 to 1830. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in reaction to a specific set of circumstances related to American perceptions of threatened intervention by European powers in North and South America. It, nevertheless, reaffirmed and was consistent with mainstream themes of American foreign policy since the American Revolution, namely, the avoidance of entanglement of the United States in the affairs of the rest of the world, except as required for the protection of its commercial interests and its own defense against attack. It reflected American commitment to the ideals of the Revolution, individual liberty and a republican form of government. In ..."
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Eurocentric Ideas on East Asian History, 2006.
A look at fundamental errors in Eurocentric views on East Asian isolationism.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper makes use of three cases to show the incorrectness of the past notion of East Asian isolationism. Eurocentric ideas about Tokugawa, Japan, Qing, China, and Choson, Korea are examined as examples of these incorrect notions of static Asian societies. The paper includes notes on different stereotypes to emerge from different approaches to East Asian history.
From the Paper
"A basic error of Eurocentric ideas of East Asian history can be seen in thumbnail sketches of Tokugawa Japan, Qing China, or Choson Korea. First of all, they upset ideas of static Asian societies in which little changed till the arrival of Westerns, as in ideas of Asian xenophobia in Japan and China, in particular, or references to a chronic isolationism that, actually, can be seen as ordinary protectionism. Blaut explained how models of European or other Western diffusionism have had a strong power over ideas of the West's impact upon the non-Western world, for good or ill, towards several assumptions that have only been upset, in the last few decades."
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The Taiping Rebellion, 2005.
This paper discusses the Taiping Rebellion, which pushed China into the modern world, playing a significant role in ending China's isolationism, and its leader Hong Xiuquan, who believed he had spiritual guidance for the military campaign.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Taiping Rebellion, from 1850 to 1864, which uniquely combined the ideals of pre-Confucian utopianism with Protestant beliefs, began to change the nation's socio-political development with its different stance on areas such as land laws; about 25 million people died in the process. The author points out that after the Taiping Rebellion, the age of the emperors was finished. The paper concludes that, although the Taipings had never heard of Karl Marx or of Communism, they shared many of the same ideals: The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings is not so distant from the commune-oriented Marxist utopia, setting the stage for the Communist Revolution to come.
From the Paper
"While recovering, Hong had several visions where an old man said that people had stopped worshipping him and were instead praising demons. In another dream, this same man chose him as a demon slayer. Having earlier read the information from the Christian missionary, Hong believed that the man in the visions was God the Father. A younger golden-haired man, who also was in the images and presented him with a sword, was Jesus Christ, his Elder Brother. Hong, himself, was the Younger Brother and had been sent by God to earth to destroy the demons and demon worship. Hong began to preach his message to the public, baptize converts and openly destroy Confucian and ancestral shrines."
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South Korean Values, 1990.
This paper discusses the conflict between traditional values and Western influences in modern South Korea: History, isolationism, modernization, social structure and the role of women.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the conflict between traditional values and Western influences in modern South Korea. Although Western influences are very strong in South Korea today, the nation as a whole has traditionally been resistant to all outside influences. For example, during the early history of the region, the nation of China had a powerful impact on the society and culture of both South Korea and Japan. In particular, China introduced the traditional values of Confucianism to both nations during that time. Nevertheless, "despite millennia of cultural and political ties with China, Korea maintained its individuality".
When Western missionaries and traders began arriving in Asia during the seventeenth century, most Koreans continued to be resistant to outside influences. Nevertheless, by the early ... "
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