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American-Indian Removal Policy, 1997.
History & effects of relocation policy of President Andrew Jackson. Provides legal, religious, economic & political rationale.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, £ 60.95
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From the Paper
" INTRODUCTION
American Indian life has been based on endurance, on the ability to survive and adapt. At one time, the Native American population was much larger than it is today and ruled the entire continent. The coming of Europeans also meant the beginning of a policy of extermination, a genocidal war against a people because they had a different worldview, a different religion, and were in possession of vast tracts of land whose resources the Europeans wanted to exploit. There was a fundamental difference between the way Europeans viewed the world and its relationship to the human community and the way Native Americans viewed these issues. Europeans believed God had given them dominion over nature, while Native Americans believed that humanity had links to the chain of being of living nature and were part of it instead of.."
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The Indian Removal Act of 1830, 2004.
An overview of the status of Native Americas prior to the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
Particularly in the years immediately prior to the War of Independence, the Native people of the Americas had more political power and leverage with European settlers and the colonists than they were ever to have in subsequent years. The paper shows, however, that after America formally became a nation with a European-style government, the Indian nations and intertribal struggles were in conflict with the new government. The paper briefly examines the events, reasons, and causes leading to the removal of the Indians from the East and the Indian Removal Act.
From the Paper
"The history of racism is rife with euphemisms. ?Removal? became a polite legal euphemism for what is now called ?The Trail of Tears? of the Cherokee People and the other five native tribes whom were legally and systematically denied their rights to the land their people had occupied for as long as memory, by an act of the United States Congress. The Twenty-First Congress of the United States of America passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 on May 26, 1830. It should be noted that the act?s passage did not come easily, and only transpired after four months of strong debate."
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Indian Removal Act, 1840, 2002.
This paper finds the Indian Removal Act 1840 a mockery of the U.S. constitution.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the implications of the Indian Removal Act of 1840, and its consistency with the United States Constitution. It explores the critical effect of the act and whether it was in line with the Bill of Rights.
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Resistance to Indian Removal, 2005.
This paper offers a review of Cherokee and Seminole resistance strategies against Indian removal.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Cherokee and Seminole resistance tactics against Indian removal. The paper explains how the "five civilized tribes" attempted to hold onto their lands. The paper includes their strategies and examines how the U.S. government broke treaties.
From the Paper
"When Andrew Jackson became president, Cherokee Creek Chickasaw Choctaw and Seminole Indians lived east of the Mississippi Goldfield. These Indians were known as the "Five Civilized Tribes" because many of them had adopted aspects of European and American culture including Christianity. However, these Indians lived on millions of acres of land desired by white cotton planters in central Alabama and Mississippi and particularly Georgia Goldfield."
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The Indian Removal Act, 2004.
An overview of the 1830 law signed by President Andrew Jackson.
2,729 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
The Removal Act of May 28,1830, was an act by both houses of Congress of the U.S., which provided for an exchange of lands with the native Indian tribes residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the Mississippi River, their traditional land, to the prairies. This paper describes leading up to the Act being passed, the anti-removal faction, which hotly debated the law, and the Cherokee fight against the law, which unfortunately led to the Trail of Tears.
From the Paper
"Like other removal opponents, Congressman Henry Storrs of New York was apprehensive towards giving the President power to deal directly with the Indians. The bill, if approved by Congress, would vest the President precisely with that power. He stated James Madison?s sentiment that the Founding Fathers would not have given one branch of government the power to conduct Indian affairs without the balanced advice and consent of the two others. But this bill would precisely give the President that sole authority to move the Indians out of their land by a mere executive order."
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Indian Foreign Policy, 2005.
The paper examines India's foreign policy stand on the current war on terror.
2,970 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
The author examines India's opposition to the war in Iraq in light of its pro-Arab foreign policy. As the author states, while many within the Indian political circles have criticized India's unwavering pro-Arab foreign policy and have observed that India could have acquired invaluable economic and political gains had it cooperated with the United States' current Middle Eastern foreign policy and offered, at the minimum, unenthusiastic support for the current war instead of outright criticism. It explains that India could not have done so, as such an action would have implied Indian negation of its post-colonial history on the one hand and the sentiments of its Muslim population on the other. Consequently, opposition to the current war is best understood through a historical analysis of Indian-Arab foreign policy; it was predetermined by the country's ideology, political history and ethnic composition.
From the Paper
"India, according to foreign policy analysts and international relations scholars, has pursued a consistent pro-Arab foreign policy over the past fifty years and more. Numerous explanations have been forwarded for India's unwavering pro-Arab foreign policy stance, ranging from reference to cultural and historical affinity to others which primarily focus on pragmatic economic calculations. It is, as this part of the research paper shall try to argue, a combination of multiple factors. In other words, it is impossible to ascribe India's pro-Arab foreign policy to any one factor as it is the outcome of multiple considerations. It is largely due to these considerations that India's stand against the present Iraq war and its unequivocal refusal to contribute to the war effort with a minor contingent of peacekeepers was predicted by numerous students of Indian foreign policy and international relations, even prior to India's official announcement of its position."
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Clinton's Indian Education Policy, 2002.
A discussion of Clinton's education policy of the native American population.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 12 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the new Indian education policy put into effect by the Clinton administration. This paper explains Clinton's strategy is to evaluate the role Native language and customs play in Indian education, establish baseline date, report and develop. The goal is to implement the policy within two years.
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Federal Indian Policy in Canada, 2008.
An examination of the Aboriginal Canadians' self-government problem.
2,732 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the Canadian government has acted to appease First Nation citizens and examines the history of the First Nation people from a political standpoint. The writer then discusses how the current self-government legislation fails to fully address the self-government needs of Canada's Indigenous people.
Outline:
Introduction
Federal Government Legislation Regarding Native Canadians
Current Aboriginal Self-Government Legislation
Assembly of First Nations: History of Aboriginal Struggle
The Rights of Aboriginal Canadians to Self-Govern
Conclusion: Rectify the Aboriginal Self-Government Problem
From the Paper
"Under the federal Indian Act, the Canadian government defines an Indian as "a person who, pursuant to this Act, is registered as an Indian or is entitled to be registered as an Indian" (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada [INAC], "Federal Programs"). In particular, the program is used to administer benefits to individuals registered in the Indian Register (that is, those who have attained "Registered Indian Status") under the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND). But how efficient is the program in addressing the needs of First Nation Canadians? With current legislation being more of a concession to the injustices indigenous Canadians have faced since the European invasion, the Federal and provincial governments have ignored one of the basic rights of the Indigenous people - that is, the right of self-government."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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Public School Policy Making, 2007.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an understanding of the public school policy process, key policy terminology and policy concepts by examining the public school (K-12) policy for the state of New York.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explores various policy papers, which define public school policy ranging from illumination of the classroom to environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance to funding recommendations. The author points out that a systematic difference was found between the federal and the non-federal systems in policy performance including little indication that federal systems either equalize or redistribute the aggregate resources of society. The paper relates that the goals of the governor's 'Campaign for Fiscal Equity' are (1) a multi-year, massive infusion of school funding, (2) the creation of a clear cut system of accountability to drive funds to key educational strategies and (3) a fair and simple foundation formula to distribute school aid based on student need not politics.
Table of Contents
Objective
Introduction
BEST (Building Educational Success Together)
State of Affairs in New York State Schools
Inequality in Quality of Classroom Provision
Policy Adoption Recommendations of the Three Agencies
Fiscal Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations Comparison
New York State Board of Regents
The Atlantic Philanthropies, The Ford Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The American Institute for Research (A.I.R) and Management Analysis and Planning (MAP)
New York State Commission on Education Reform
Impact of Federalism on Policy-Making Process
Recent Policy Enactment
From the Paper
"Policy issues in New York State Schools are inclusive of use of chemical and pesticides in school and recently Education Law 409-I has been enacted which establishes the department as being responsible to report "on the status of utilizing environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance (green ) products in all public and nonpublic schools by June 1, 2007." Policy such as this is shaped by the stated needs of certain socio-political view and in one such case the need for facility alignment for quality education is upheld by educators."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006.
A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper
"Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Monetary, Fiscal and Exchange Rate Policy, 2002.
A study of the connection between monetary policy, fiscal policy, and the exchange rate policy.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies separately, with definitions by different economists to balance the arguments. It is then followed by a discussion of their connection to each other, involving issues such as GDP, government expenditure, and interest rates.
From the Paper
"McDonald states monetary policy is the government?s policy on setting the level of the money supply (1996: 149). It is the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)?s attempt to change the quantity of money and interest rates so as to affect aggregate demand and, ultimately, equilibrium real GDP and the price level. Monetary policy, fiscal policy and the exchange rate policy are used by the RBA and by the Treasury to moderate fluctuations in a country?s economic growth rate and to maintain an appropriate trend growth rate. In today?s world of floating exchange rates, it can be demonstrated that monetary policy is more effective at controlling macroeconomic conditions than fiscal policy is."
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