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American Foreign Policy 1945-1968, 2004.
This paper provides an outline of U.S. foreign policy during the period from 1945 to 1968.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This article discusses the basic thrust of U.S. policy during the period from 1945 through 1968. The writer looks at foreign policy regarding the Cold War, doctrine of containment, nuclear fears, brush fire wars and Vietnam. The writer studies the evolution of the Cold War Policy and examines its domination in American foreign policy.
From the Paper
"The years from 1945 through 1968 were dominated in American foreign policy by the Cold War, its origins in the aftermath of World War II, its emergence as the center point of policy and guiding framework of a worldview and the crisis of policy failure in Vietnam. The following essay will trace the evolution of Cold War policy in the period and the challenges that the policy was confronting by the late ... "
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US Domestic and Foreign Policy: 1945 Versus 2006, 2008.
A comparison of US foreign and domestic policies and how they have changed direction in the time period 1945-2006.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how US domestic and foreign policies have had to change as the role of the country in international politics and the global community has changed. The paper also notes that current challenges in the international community by globalization and terrorism have affected the motivations of US policies and thus of all other nations. The paper then compares US domestic and foreign policy in 1945 to US domestic and foreign policy in 2006. The paper concludes that it is still essential for the US to be active in international issues not only to protect its concerns but to be able to sense the unfolding global trends.
Outline:
Introduction
1945 policies
Roles
Domestic policies
Foreign policies
2006 policies
Domestic policies
Foreign policies
inclusion
From the Paper
"The US took on the role of peacekeeper in the international arena, it figured prominently in the post-war restoration and developments such as the Nuremberg Trials, division of territories and the institution of the United Nations (452).
"The US also symbol of the struggle against the spread of communism. Its policies of containment and promotion of democracy was a statement in its desire to be seen as a defender of freedom and liberty (Leffler 87-89). This was the same identity that it espoused during its own struggle for independence (Ash 286). Another role that it was beginning to cultivate was its substitution of Britain and the rest of Europe as an economic force in the world."
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British Foreign Policy (1918-1945), 2006.
An analysis of the rise and fall of the power of Britain through its foreign policy between the years 1918 to 1945.
24,483 words (approx. 97.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Britain's foreign policy from the end of World War I until the end of World War II - specifically 1918 to 1945. It particularly focuses on the rise and fall of their power in the political world. The paper looks at Britain's relationship with various other powers in the world through this period of history and discusses how its policies affected their position within the international community.
Table of Contents:
The Locarno Era (1918-1931).
Advantages and Drawbacks of a Victory
Peace as a National Mood
Peace as an Electoral Necessity
The Foreign Policy of British Governments Between 1918 and 1931
The Emergence of Perils (1931-1937).
The Perils
Toying with Rearmament
The Obstacles to an Alternative Policy
Facing New Perils
Chamberlain in Office: Appeasement at its Peak? (May 1937-March 1939)
Appeasement: Some Problems of Terminology and Interpretations
The Motives of the appeasers
The Events in Europe from February 1938 to March 1939
The March to War
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia
The Mood of the Government and the Nation Changes
The Quest for Allies in Eastern Europe and the Balkans
From the Paper
"Their main preoccupation was what was going to happen in Czechoslovakia, which could be attacked from the north and the West as well as from the South. There was a mounting crisis in Czechoslovakia between the Germans and the Czechs because of the plight of a numerous group of people known as the Sudeten Germans. They were Germans living in Czechoslovakia, in the Sudeten land which was the hilly region which forms the border between Germany and Czechoslovakia. This part was till 1919 part of Austria and the Sudeten had been Austrian citizens in 1919. Czechoslovakia was politically dominated by the Czechs, 75 million, but it was ethnically speaking extremely heterogeneous, (in spite of the principle of self-government). Besides the Czechs, there were also several ethnic minorities, in particular 2.5 million Slovaks, half a million Hungarians, half a million Ruthinians, today Northern Ukrainians, 80,000 Poles, and above all 3.2 million Germans."
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Soviet Foreign Policy in Iran 1945-1979, 2005.
A paper on the political and economic developments between Iran and the Soviet Union.
5,075 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This study examines earlier Soviet Union foreign policy towards Iran. The paper looks at how Soviet foreign policy grew and, at times, declined through economic cooperation with Iran from 1945-1979. Particular emphasis is shifted away from Cold War stances and upon nation to nation growth. An outline of the study is appended to the paper.
From the Paper
"James Harlon Williams characterizes Soviet foreign policy in the Persian Gulf region as a "product of historical experience." Historically, it followed a pattern or strategy of "expansion, consolidation, and preservation." As Imperial Russia expanded its borders during the course of the Great Game in Asia, it emerged as the most powerful Continental power in Central Asia. Quickly thereafter, Russia moved to consolidate and preserve that power through political shoving matches with Great Britain. While the Russians significantly pushed their borders southwards towards Iran, the British countered Russian influence in order to protect British India. The idea of Iran as a "buffer" state acted as the way the British used Iran to prevent Russian penetration towards the Persian Gulf. Since the British resisted a stronger Russian presence in the Gulf, Russia employed a series of proxy conflicts while averting war with Britain. Playing a game of power politics dominated Russian and British diplomacy. From the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries both sides asserted their political dominance in Iran. Their goal was to dominate the enemy as much as possible yet averting war at all costs. Engaging in a head to head war would not be beneficial to either Russia or Great Britain from an economic and military perspective. In doing so, the tsar abandoned hopes of obtaining a warm water port in the Gulf."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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The Foreign Policy of France, 2008.
An analysis of French foreign policy over the past ten years and a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper is written from the perspective of a senior analyst in the National Interests and Foreign Policies Group. It provides a foreign policy analysis and evaluation which focuses on French foreign policy over the past ten years. It also provides a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years. The paper examines the attitudes of other member countries and international organizations towards French foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Because of deteriorating relations between the United States and Muslim governments throughout the Middle East, France and other European powers such as Germany and Russia are recognizing that they must demonstrate leadership in the international community and make every effort to pursue diplomatic solutions. According to my analysis, Democratic control of the U. S. Congress, and recent calls by American leaders for a diplomacy and political solutions are providing France with an opportunity to take the initiative and play a leading international role in brokering peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, and some form of ceasefire in Iraq."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy in Latin America.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the U.S. foreign policy towards Middle Eastern and Latin American countries before 9/11 and post 9/11. The foreign policy is analyzed, its inherent problems are highlighted, and a comparison of U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America is made.
From the Paper
"With all eyes turned toward Iraq and the Middle East, South America rarely makes the headlines in the United States. Except for perhaps tighter controls and security on U.S. borders and waterways since September 11th , it seems Latin foreign policies are not top priorities for Washington. However, recent events in October in Bolivia led to ?a massive mobilization of Indians and peasants?military crackdowns that left as many as 70 people dead?and led to the demise of the conservative Gonzalo S?nchez de Lozada government on Oct."
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U.S. Foreign Policy During the Vietnam War, 2000.
A look at how pre-Vietnam War U.S .foreign policy had strong links to the foreign policy in the Vietnam War.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American foreign policy before Vietnam and foreign policy in Vietnam, and shows how a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades.
From the Paper
"Though the foreign policies decisions that were instrumental in the Vietnam War were different from the policies that supported other international actions during the 20th century, including World War II and the Korean War, a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades. One of the most significant influencing factors in the policy developments of the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations was the perceived threat of communism and the necessity of action to prevent its spread. This factor had been present in the development of foreign policy since before the First World War, and led to the perception of the necessity of force to stomp out its proliferation."
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Russian Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares Russian foreign policy from the period 1950 to mid-1980 to the foreign policy of Russia from 1985 to the present.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the difference in Russian foreign policy between the periods of 1950 to 1985 and 1985 to the present. The paper explores the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the dynamics of Russia today, as well as how these factors influenced foreign policy.
From the Paper
"From an early age, Russia has always been different than its European counterparts. The geographical aspect of the country, especially, lends to its inherent differences. Located in the barren North of both Europe and Asia, Russia has always been faced with geographical and cultural barriers. These differences were accentuated in the early 20th century when Lenin and the Communist party overthrew the ruling Czar?a move that would change the political landscape of the country for almost a decade to come."
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Game Theory and Foreign Policy, 2003.
Examines the importance of game theory in analyzing foreign policy decision-making and outcomes and its compatibility with other foreign policy models and systems.
2,869 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
Game theory is the use of mathematical models to predict the outcome of a dispute or interaction between two or more independent actors. It has been applied in a wide range of contexts, including gambling, business and international relations. This essay examines the importance of game theory when analysing the foreign policy decision-making process. It argues that while simple games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma may not illuminate the process on their own, more complex models can offer a systemic device by which foreign policy can be analyzed more accurately.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most widely recognised game is the Prisoner's Dilemma, which examines the choices faced by two people arrested for the same crime, and observes the likelihood that they would both accuse the other one, and thus both go to jail. When used in foreign policy analysis, it is often used to describe the nature of arms races, or the possibility of nuclear fallout. This is a non-zero-sum game, a game where it is possible for both players to lose, or to win (as opposed to a zero-sum game, where one actor's gain is always equal to another actor's loss)."
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Louis XIV and His Foreign Policy, 2004.
A discussion of Louis XIV's foreign policy and an analysis of whether his foreign policy was a success.
2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the reign of Louis XIV in France, focusing mainly on his foreign policy and his decision to go to war. The writer looks at how successful King Louis was at expanding his own kingdom and increasing the borders of France, but at the same time, causing economic and political turmoil in his own country.
Contents
Thesis
Introduction
Analysis
Influence on Modern History
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Louis? previous successes proved to be his undoing - it made him over-confident and roused the whole of Europe against him. The Nine Years War was largely his fault. The War of Spanish Succession added disastrously to the debts already incurred, although France did not suffer territorially. The result was great suffering for the people of France. Whereas in 1680 Paris had awarded Louis the title "Great", news of his death in 1715 was greeted with relief - eloquent testimony to the failures of policy in the second half of his reign. The establishment of the modern frontiers of France was one of Louis great achievements, but the cost was arguably too high for his reign as a whole to merit the title "Great"."
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Turkish Foreign Policy, 2005.
Assesses the tensions in Turkey's post-Cold War era foreign policy.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
As Turkey has tried to find its place in the post-Cold War system, it has encountered problems stemming from its geopolitical position straddling both East and West. The paper shows that, in desiring both close ties to the West-particularly membership in the European Union and friendship with the USA, and Middle Eastern trade without involvement in Middle Eastern politics, it has frequently found itself at cross-purposes with regard to foreign policy. These competing goals of foreign policy have come to a head most notably in the Gulf War and the American invasion of Iraq. The paper shows that this situation is complicated by Turkish concerns over how foreign policy might affect the Kurdish population. The paper shows that the tensions between the competing goals of Turkish foreign policy-its eastern and western goals and its concern about how foreign policy might affect the Kurds--have caused some paralysis; Turkish foreign policy since the Cold War has been primarily reactive and in support of the status quo.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Kurds
The Gulf
The United States
The Middle East
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The biggest sources of competing goals in Turkish foreign policy are Turkey's concern over Kurdish nationalism and its position between East and West. Since the Cold War its concern over Kurds has been notably at odd with its alliance with the United States. Turkey's connection to the US has been winning out. The second source of tension, that of East and West, has intensified since the end of the Cold War. Since the 1950s, Turkey has tried to disengage from Middle Eastern politics and keeps its relationships in that region mainly economic, with the exception of Israel, with whom it has strategic and military ties."
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Foreign Policy Formulation, 2007.
A look at the the key factors that influence foreign policy decisions with reference to the foreign policy of Britain and Germany.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the varied and numerous factors and actors in international relations that influence foreign policy formulation in Britain and Germany. Transnational Organizations such as the UN and the EU are covered, along with NATO's role post WWII. Concepts such as 'chequebook diplomacy' are explained and also the emergence of a new national German interest post 9/11 is examined.
From the Paper
"The Anglo-American relationship is reputed to be the strongest bond to have existed between two independent sovereign nations, certainly in terms of foreign policy harmonization. The UK claims "a special relationship with the United States, not shared by others" (Kenneth Younger, 1964, p104), throughout Europe, although Germany shares some common interest with her through NATO, having occasionally stoically exhibited this commitment. "Germany prefers to compromise its tradition of military restrain, rather than weakening its reputation as a reliable partner within NATO" (Volker Rittberger, 2001, p179), as German participation in Kosovo demonstrated."
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U.S. Nuclear Power and American Foreign Policy, 1975.
This paper focuses on U.S. nuclear power and American foreign policy, 1945-1950. The author contends that the U.S. nuclear monopoly gave it a position of power which developed into a hard line toward Russia leading to the Cold War.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, £ 49.95
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From the Paper
"This research studies the impact that U.S. nuclear power had on American foreign policy between 1945 and 1950. It is assumed that the United States did not, for moral reasons, take advantage of this power. This research will examine the validity of this assumption.
What was the post-war situation the United States faced in 1945? Most important was that the United States had not only unlocked the secrets of nuclear fission, but had also demonstrated this to the world in two explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been suggested that the major reason for the United States dropping the bombs was to affect the post-war balance of power. Commentators. argued that the reason for dropping the bombs was not to shorten the war; the war with Japan was already guaranteed to be ending, and they believed that the ... "
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