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Essays on the New American City, 2004. Book review of a collection of essays on American cities in "The New American City Faces Its Regional Future: A Cleveland Perspective". 2,223 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 48.95 »
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Abstract This paper reviews a series of short essays dealing with the changing face of American cities compiled in the book, "The New American City Faces its Regional Future: A Cleveland Perspective". The paper explains how the book, which contains essays from several different authors while focusing primarily on the future of Cleveland in the new world order, also has a very national perspective and speaks at length about the problems of urban centers across the country. The paper discusses Part One and Part Two of the book and summarizes the authors's opinions regarding Cleveland's present situation, the role of Cleveland's city hall, and top-down style reform. The paper also summarizes how the authors deal with the reconstruction of a city and the need for mandatory regional government that overrides the local rule of suburbs.
From the Paper "Two basic situations were appraised by all of the writers in the first half of the book. The first had to do with the staggering inequality that coincides here with a deeply segregated living arrangement. Cleveland is apparently among the top five most segregated urban centers in the country, and the reason for this phenomenon is explored by all. The second issue is that of urban sprawl, with each author suggesting a course of action that might revitalize the inner city."
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Public Administration in Modern American Cities, 2005. A discussion of city organization in 5 American cities. 3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 92.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the role of public administration in five different American cities. The cities examined include Columbia, Missouri; Bozeman, Montana; Denver, Colorado; Fargo, North Dakota; and Yuma, Arizona. Different aspects of each city are discussed, including an examination of city organization and governmental structure.
From the Paper "Public administration within the context of any city can take on a variety of forms. A number of organizational structures and functions are relatively common, such as fire and police protection. However, some cities have specialized needs and must develop organizational systems capable of meeting those needs and providing for the citizens of the city. These special needs often are developed outside the standard organizational structure of the city's administration functions. This is evident when we consider the Storm Water Task Force, developed as a special committee in the city of Columbia, MO. In 2001, the city council of Columbia authorized the Public Works department in the city to create a new task force that would deal specifically with storm water issues and agendas (Willett)."
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The Role of Immigration in Shaping American Cities, 2008. A review of the book "Urban Geography, New York" ,in which the authors, Dave Kaplan, James Wheeler and S. Holloway, explain the role immigration played in shaping American cities. 874 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, £ 21.95 »
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Abstract The paper states that immigration has played a significant role in shaping the growth and development of urban cities in America. In their book "Urban Geography, New York" the authors Kaplan, Wheeler & Holloway expand on this idea. The paper relates that the authors hypothesize that immigration is largely responsible for the expansion of many cities in the United States, Canada and other outlying regions. The paper comments that had the immigrants not populated many coastal cities in the United States, the country may not have had the flavor of diversity it has today.
From the Paper "In figure 10 of the work, the reader can clearly see that Mexicans made up almost 59 percent of the population of immigrant settlers; this is the largest subdivision of Hispanic and Latino settlers. People of Puerto Rican ethnicity make up the next largest slice of the pie at just 10 percent of the Hispanic and Latino settlers. A review of the U.S. Census Bureau conducted in 1990 shows that many Cuban immigrants populated many coastal cities in Dade County in Florida, another major coastal city. In the New England States, Florida, California and Canada, the total number of immigrants exceeded either 500,000 or 1,000,000 of the population totals. The U.S. Census Bureau of 2000 also cited by Kaplan, Wheeler and Holloway (2004) shows the largest influx of Asians occurred in California, Washington State and in some New England cities, with as many as 1 million immigrants living in cities at any one time."
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Diversity in American Cities, 2008. An analysis of the diversity within American society and examples of times when this diversity has not been homogeneous. 1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the factors that shaped the cultural, economic, and political landscape of the United States during the nineteenth century. It specifically discusses the amalgamation and blending of cultures within American society and describes examples of when the diverse mixture of races, ethnicities, cultures and languages in America has not been particularly homogeneous.
From the Paper "To some extent, this blindness or indifference concerning the current trends of inequality can be attributed to the past two centuries of American history. Specifically, many people within the United States tend to look back at our most tangible achievements in the name of equality--emancipation and the civil rights movement--and make the erroneous conclusion that America is the land of opportunity, instead of the more reasonable belief that America can become the land of opportunity. In other words, the understanding of the American dream as a reality rather than a goal is the major ideological blinding factor in modern American society. Undeniably, the past two centuries have brought this nation closer to its philosophical dreams, but they remain just that--dreams. They may never be reached, but we should never cease in out pursuit of them."
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Home-Based Counseling for Inner City African American Clients, 2001. Research paper on the effects of home-based counseling for at-risk African American students. 5,995 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 61 sources, £ 98.95 »
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Abstract This study investigated the effects of home-based counseling in improving the personal self-concept, overall social behavior and academic achievement of inner city at-risk African American adolescents, aged 12 to 21. It was hypothesized that if a counselor could be exposed to, and take into consideration, the at-risk adolescent?s home and community environment, a holistic outlook might be beneficial in recommending effective, successful intervention tactics with both short and long term benefits.
From the Paper "The concept of home-based visits and counseling is not new: in recent decades, mental health professionals have been visiting their clients in their homes for a variety of reasons including the provision of services to those unlikely or unwilling to seek out and maintain regular contact in more traditional settings and to provide comprehensive, integrated treatment approaches for clients with multidimensional needs. Clinical observation and empirical research supports the potential effectiveness of home-based services. Appropriate intervention can help individual clients and families in crisis or at risk to be served, stabilized and supported in their own homes; research also supports the fact that clients, whether individuals or families, facing multiple problems of poverty, few social supports, severe psychosocial disturbance, social stigma and prejudice, and limited access to employment, housing and other resources often need ongoing support to sustain a successful environment from which a student may confidently base academic achievement .and crisis free living. (Newton, 30-31)."
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Augustine's Understanding of the "City of God and the City of Man", 2002. Examines the influence of Saint Augustine on Western religious thought and analyzes his text "City of God". 650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95 »
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Abstract Saint Augustine presented the idea that faith and understanding (in the broad and narrow senses) go hand in hand. Because of this, his teachings were that to understand life, one must have faith, and to have faith, one must pursue an understanding of life. Augustine has proved to be one of the most influential thinkers in European and western history. While still a teenager, Augustine converted, became a priest, then the leader of the Church in North Africa, and, before he became Bishop and his writing career was virtually choked off, Augustine was a prolific producer of scriptural scholarly works. The "City of God", which was written between the years 413 and 426, was Augustine's response to the criticism leveled at Christianity by the pagans after they had sacked Rome in 410. This work represents Augustine's most significant contribution to Western religious thought and, like many personalized texts, takes on the Aristotelian method of posing questions to the self in an argumentative fashion and systematically refuting and explaining away each.
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The Port Cities of New York City & Dublin, 2001. This paper compares two large urban port cities: Dublin and New York City. 2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 50.95 »
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Abstract This paper illustrates the issues of large urban port cities as seen in Dublin and New York City. The paper provides an in-depth history of each city and compares the social issues of the urban environment, ethnic diversity, poverty and crime.
From the Paper "New York City is generally considered the doorway to America. It is the largest city in the nation, seven million strong, and a main hub of financial activity. This is probably the most racially and ethnically diverse of the large American cities, the epitome of the melting pot. A third of the population is of African descent, fifteen percent are Jewish, twelve percent Hispanic. Other ethnic populations have a vocal presence, including the Irish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Indian, and other Asians. If one city has represent urban America over the last 200 years, it would be the harbor city of New York, New York.
" Across the Atlantic ocean lies another city, a little farther from the ocean, though not much. It is the ?fair city? of Dublin, that capitol of the Republic of Ireland. This is a fairly heterogeneous city, for it is the center of 4,000 year old struggle for cultural sanctity and independence. The vast majority of the citizens are Irish or British nationals, Christian and white. Most are Roman Catholic, and the largest ?minority? are the British Protestants. One fourth of the citizens of Ireland, approximately 900,000 souls all told, now live in Dublin and its suburbs, and its name is becoming synonymous with Irish culture and tradition."
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"City Of Dreadful Delight" ( Judith Walkowitz ) and "City Of Eros" ( Timothy Gilfoyle ), 1999. Compares this works on prostitution in 19th Century London and New York City. 3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 2 sources, £ 82.95 »
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From the Paper "This research will examine two books that deal with issues relating to the phenomenon of prostitution in 19th-century London and New York City, City of Dreadful Delight by Judith R. Walkowitz, and City of Eros by Timothy J. Gilfoyle, respectively. The research will set forth the general pattern of ideas in each of the works and discuss in detail the similarities and differences in the methods and narratives of social history that each book uses to give an account of the culture, physical environment, and personalities informing the shape that sexual praxis in general and prostitution in particular took in the centers of the English-speaking world during the period.
The differences between City of Dreadful Delight and City of Eros are not confined to the fact that the former deals with London prostitution in the late Victorian era and City of Eros deals..."
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City Shoes: The Horseshoe Game for City Kids, 2002. Presents a marketing plan to produce and market a lawn game for children, based on traditional horseshoes. 2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 55.95 »
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Abstract City Shoes(tm) is a lawn game based on traditional horseshoes that employs large rubber washers instead of metal horseshoes. It is lightweight, portable, durable and safe. The marketing plan includes a SWOT analysis, marketing strategies directed at sporting goods stores and lawn and garden shops and processes for control and analysis of the plan.
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City and Suburbs, 2007. This paper discusses the issue of revisionism in early 20th century Montreal and New York City. 1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95 »
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Abstract The writer of this article notes that Robert Lewis, in "A City Transformed: Manufacturing Districts and Suburban Growth in Montreal, 1850-1929", and Richard Harris, in "Industry and Residence: The Decentralization of New York City, 1900-1940", deal with the phenomenon of suburbanization in two large North American cities within time frames overlapping the early 20th century. The writer points out that both authors' analyses of changes in residential settlement, industrial relocation, and the restructuring of the urban and suburban landscapes along class lines represent a radical revision of the traditional conceptual models of the processes of suburbanization. The writer maintains that both of these articles are primarily descriptive as opposed to theoretical. It is only when one considers them in terms of the article they later jointly authored - "The Geography of North American Cities and Suburbs, 1900-1950" - that one may see how explicitly their revisionist perspectives, foreshadowed in these earlier articles, have challenged prevailing theoretical models of suburbanization in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
New York and Montreal: Key Findings
The Findings in their Larger Theoretical Context
Conclusion
From the Paper "The findings that the move to the suburbs in both Montreal and New York City during the late 19th and early 20th century was comprised of working class people represents a critical distinction between this phase of suburbanization and the more well-known later 20th century model. For example, in the 20th century settlement in the suburbs was seen as a means of escaping low-income housing. In a number of American cities, a racial dimension was added to this class distinction, as the suburbs became areas to which the blue-collar white workers and the white middle-class resettled from the inner city, which was left to the African American working class. Studies of cities such as Detroit have found that these industrial suburbs are notably "hostile" to Black settlement; a factor that adds the complications of race and ethnicity to class in explaining settlement patterns and the processes of suburbanization."
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The Homeless Problem in New York City, 2004. This paper discusses that New York City is a city with a staggering homeless population, a problem that has persisted throughout the city?s history. 975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95 »
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Abstract This paper reports that, in 2004, New York City set a record when the number of homeless New Yorkers residing in shelters reached the highest point in the city?s history. The author points out that 90 percent of homeless New Yorkers are black or Latino, even though only 53 percent of New York City?s total population is black or Latino; moreover, over 60 percent of homeless families previously lived in four of New York City?s poorest neighborhoods, and over half of the homeless mothers have a history of domestic violence. This paper concludes that it will take years of dedication and focus for New York City to ease the problem of homelessness by creating not only adequate permanent housing for the homeless, which actually will cost less than the present shelter and other emergency care programs, but also available services for those suffering from mental illness and substance abuse.
From the Paper "According to the Coalition for the Homeless, in the month of August 2004, some 36,400 homeless men, women, and children were sleeping each night in the New York City shelter system, including 15,300 children, 12,700 adult family members, and 8,400 single adults, with many thousands more sleeping on city streets, park benches, and subway trains. New York City?s homeless shelter population has increased by 73 percent since 1998, from 21,000 to the current 36,400. The past six years has seen the number of homeless families sleeping in New York City shelters and welfare hotels increase by 99 percent, from 4,429 families in January 1998 to 8,726 families in August 2004. Moreover, the average stay for homeless families in the municipal shelter system has almost doubled over the past decade, from six months in 1992, to nearly twelve months today."
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"Children of the City", 2002. A review of David Nasaw's work "Children in the City" which discusses the play and work habits of immigrant children in the United States. 1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 34.95 »
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Abstract An examination of David Nasaw's "Children of the City" which is a study of the children of immigrants whose primary playground and place of employment was the streets of American cities. Nasaw covers the period 1900-1920 and the working-class children whose employment was not based on desperate need, but who did not have the complete leisure that middle class children possessed. It shows that Nasaw's principal thesis is that the experience of these children was overwhelmingly positive as they set up systems of rivalry and cooperation in their neighborhoods, frequently mixed with children of various ethnic backgrounds, learned numerous skills that would be essential to their futures, and assimilated to the American scene at a great rate.
From the Paper "Nasaw begins with a description of the face of the new city of this era: electric lighting; elaborate department stores; restaurants and theaters that catered to the middle class; afternoon editions of newspapers; the nickelodeons and motion picture houses; and, family-oriented vaudeville. All of these innovations had in common the improvement of consumption and, as Nasaw shows, much of the change that took place at the time--especially in this generation of children, was the elevation of consumption to a right or a duty. At the same time, however, the rapid increase in land prices in nearly every growing American city meant that recent immigrants and the rest of the working and poor classes "were forced to live in spaces that should have remained uninhabited" (10). The terrible conditions of dark, airless tenements--with whole families occupying single rooms for the night while they rented out the remainder of their space to others--disappointed many new arrivals. But, in vivid contrast, new arrivals marveled at the differences in such things as the amount of meat that was consumed, the availability of fresh produce in winter, and the presence of canned foods. And, of course, they also saw the display of wealth in every other part of the city."
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Mexico City: 2012 Olympics, 2002. Overview of Mexico City's and Mexico's economic condition and how the economic conditions make Mexico City a viable choice for the 2012 Olympic Games. 1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes a report, prepared by Mexico City's Olympic Economics Committee, that was written with the intention of showing that Mexico City should indeed be a candidate to host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. The paper presents evidence of Mexico City's robust and growing economy by looking at such economic factors as GDP, jobs and industries, economic outlook, and the Olympic budget.
Economic Overview
GDP
What are primary jobs and industries?
How developed is Mexico City?
What about available workers, total population, etc.?
Currency
Economic Outlook
Infrastructure
Olympic Budget
Benefits for Mexico City
From the Paper "Mexico City has come a long way from its colonial economy that was based mostly on mining, particularly silver. Today it boasts an economy that is diverse. The economy today includes strong agriculture, petroleum and industry sectors. With this diversification, Mexico City is not only the largest city in the world, with approximately 20 million inhabitants, but the city is considered the second strongest economy in all of Latin America (Mexico: Mexico City)."
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The Phenix City Story, 2007. A discussion of the history and evolution of Phenix City, Alabama. 1,973 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 43.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses Phenix City in Russell County, Alabama, otherwise known as "Sin City, USA." The paper discusses the history of illegal activity in Phenix City and how the city became a haven for criminals. The paper then goes on to describe the efforts to clean up Phenix City and how its image has begun to evolve over time. The paper concludes by discussing the name of the city, "Phenix."
Table of Contents:
I. A.K.A.
"Once Known as "Sin City"
II. Commonplace Sins
A Haven for Hellish Activities?
Cleaning Up Phenix City
III. The name, "Phenix"
Excuses and Reasons
From the Paper "Hugh Bentley, a layman, decided to try to fire the churches into action against the sin and criminal activity in 1946. Bentley stressed that Phenix City's problem was a moral one and that until the moral breakdown was changed, things would not improve. January 9, 1951, Bentley's house was blown up with thirty-six sticks of dynamite, however, neither he nor any of his family was seriously injured."
"In 1954, Albert Patterson, a sixty-year-old Phenix City lawyer, adopted his campaign crusade to be cleaning Phenix City's gambling machine. At this time, Phenix City was described by Life Magazine as the "wickedest city in the United States, . . . everything from gambling to murder to arson to fraud." (Ibid.) June 1, 1954, Patterson won the Democratic primary."
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