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America in the 1960s, 2006.
This paper researches the accurate history of the U.S. in the 1960s.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Americans have a historical perspective rooted in the concept of the "American Dream" and this distorts historical interpretations of numerous events in this society's past. The paper examines John Lewis' "Walking with the Wind" and Philip Caputo's "A Rumor of War" as valuable pieces of history because they capture features of the overall social milieu that was the 1960s. The paper concludes that many people today look back at America's achievements in the name of equality, namely, emancipation and the civil rights legislation and conclude that America is the land of opportunity, instead of the more reasonable belief that America can become the land of opportunity.
From the Paper
"Characterizing historical periods--particularly those that saw numerous forms of change--is an extremely daunting task, wrought with many hazards and pitfalls. Specifically, with reference to the United States, Lawrence Goodwyn identifies one of the most glaring problems, when attempting to discuss historical change, as being our national conception of progress. He writes, "The reigning American presumption about the American experience is grounded in the idea of progress, the conviction that the present is 'better' than the past and the future will bring still more betterment." Such a perspective--rooted in the concept of the "American Dream" as our national ideology--necessarily skews historical interpretations of numerous events in our society's past. For this reason, it is fundamentally difficult for people today to imagine precisely what the 1960s in America were, both with respect to individual perspectives and with respect to the period's overall historical impact. The latter is most troublesome because precisely what people choose to remember about the 1960s, and put into textbooks, are those things that tended to bring about the most desirable changes, as costly as they may have been. So, perhaps the best way to understand a specific time period is to investigate singular accounts of those who lived through the time."
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The Positive Contribution 1960s Musicians, 2005.
An analysis of the contributions that the musicians of the 1960s made to America.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, despite arguments to the contrary, decadence was not the message that 1960s-era rock stars communicated to society; the message was acceptance of the equality of races and the legitimacy of the demands of the Civil Rights Movement.
Outline
Pre-1960s: Attitude Towards the American Blacks
History of the Blacks in America
Music and Civil Rights Movement
Black Musicians and Contributions
"Troubadours of Conscience"
Elvis Presley's Contribution
Baez and Dylan
From the Paper
"When the Civil Rights Movement began, it did so in an atmosphere that very strongly believed that the Black person was extremely inferior to the White person, and music became the best means of changing the dominant attitudes towards the Blacks. Music contributed to the Civil Rights Movement's cause for equality in two main ways. First was through the songs and musical style of popular white singers such as Elvis Presley, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin and Bob Dylan. Second was through the popularity achieved by Black entertainers as the Supremes, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations and many others, among the White people themselves."
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Race Relations in America, 2005.
Book report on Nina Moore's book about race relations in 1960s America.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book, "Governing Race: Politics, Process and the Politics of Race", by Nina M. Moore. The paper explains that the book not only tells the reader why race relations came to a head in the 1960s, but offers a unique viewpoint on the "politics of race", as well.
From the Paper
"The author's thesis is quite clear from the very beginning of this book. She asserts, "race presents a challenge too difficult for American governing institutions to meet" (Moore xiv) in the Introduction of the book, and further asserts, "true socioeconomic and political race reform will remain a laudable, but elusive, goal of government policymakers" (Moore xv). Therefore, her book concentrates on both the successes and failures of racial politics in the country, zeroing in on the reforms that have not worked the politics of them, and why they have not worked. The author backs up her thesis with research, analysis, appendixes, a bibliography, and a clear knowledge of the subject and her research. The author notes, "Census Bureau reports as well as National Election Studies, the General Social Survey, Gallup Poll surveys, and other quantitative sources are used to buttress the regional and partisan focus" (Moore xxiv). The book includes six chapters and five appendixes, and covers Civil Rights from the "early years" to current trends in the political process."
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The U.S. in Latin America, 2003.
An assessment of the success of President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress in Latin America.
3,296 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how as early as 1958, the Milton Eisenhower report criticised U.S. behavior on Latin America and how Latinos accused the U.S. of denying them credits in the desired volume, of fixing prices to their detriment, of neglecting the necessity of social reform and of supporting the region's dictators. It looks at how under the pressure of the Cuban Revolution, John F. Kennedy launched an unprecedented development programme for Latin America which took into account Eisenhower's demands. It discusses the Alliance for Progress that Kennedy launched to help Latin America in the 1960s. It evaluate its failure by the 1970s and examines the reasons for that failure, with particular reference to Frei's Chile.
From the Paper
"Idealism and liberalism would soon be replaced by realism in the White House. The Kennedy administration?s passion for the development of Latin America, strongly influenced by the realities of Fidel Castro in Cuba, was replaced, after JFK?s assassination, by Lyndon Johnson and his Latin American Affairs chief, Thomas Mann. Both men saw Latin America from the position of Texan oil entrepreneurs, ?Mexico and the rest?. As LaFeber argues Mann was, ?the perfect choice to dismantle the Alliance at the same time Johnson continued the old Kennedy rhetoric?. If the Alliance contained fundamental flaws under Kennedy?s idealists, then once the realism of Johnson and Mann, followed by the globalism of Nixon and Kissinger, came to power, the last chance for the Alliance to prove a success was extinguished."
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The 1960s: A Decade of Freedom and Change, 2006.
An essay evaluating the decade of the 60s based on the famous introductory paragraph in Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities".
1,772 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look back at the turbulent decade of the 60s in America and explains how what Charles Dickens said in the opening paragraph of his famous novel, "A Tale of Two Cities" might well apply to the 1960s. The paper explains how the 1960s had elements that made it both the best of times and the worst of times and that this decade epitomized the worst and the best in America.
From the Paper
"For average Americans, it was the beginning of a decade that offered a strong economy; plenty of jobs; large families, unprecedented educational opportunities, liberal thinking, liberal political and social attitudes, and plenty of second chances. Before the end of the decade, use of the birth control pill would be widespread (likely helping to ushering the era of "free love" [there was no such thing as AIDS then] for which the 1960's is perhaps most fondly remembered). "No fault divorce" would facilitate the endings of many unhappy marriages, and much of the former social stigma of divorce, with so many now divorcing under the new rules, seemed to disappear that decade. It was as if, during the first years of the new decade, that the sky was the limit, if even that. For all of those reasons, the 1960's seemed then, at least early on, to truly be both "an epoch of belief" and "the best of times.""
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America's Melting Pot, 2001.
This paper discusses the idea that America is a home to people of varying origins.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the concept of ?Melting Pot? which is a term that supposedly defines America as a land of the free and home to all cultures, races, and ancestries. The author makes reference to two journal articles which claim that ?Americanness? is an idea that has always been linked with ?Whiteness? and that ?whiteness? can not exist, without something against which to define itself - ?blackness?.
From the paper:
?But in the 1960s and '70s, a more inclusive ideology was suggested -- ?a stew? or ?mixed salad? term was beginning to emerge as the American label. This term recognized that immigrants to America might maintain their distinct cultures, languages and traditions, their ethnicity or ancestry, while at the same time recognizing their ?Americanness.? (Chideya, 1999) While this term equally recognizes the presence of many different cultures, in my opinion, it doesn?t quite articulate the mixture and combing and cultures as it is in America.?
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"Trout Fishing In America", 2003.
A review of Richard Brautigan's novel "Trout Fishing In America".
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Richard Brautigan?s 1961 novel, "Trout Fishing In America", is on the surface, a disorganised, funny and sprawling book that slotted into the beat and hippie culture of the 1960s seamlessly. In particular, it looks at how underneath the seemingly careless array of ?flippant? chapters lies a hugely complex and rigidly structured portrait of modern and mythical America focusing on the broken American dream, loss of innocence and so much more. It shows how disappointment, loss and death form the great undercurrent of the trout stream throughout Brautigan?s work and fester throughout, from the first page to the last.
From the Paper
"Another usage of this dead past and the disappointment and despair that the present brings, is instilled in the ?mayonnaise jar that rests on the grave of the American dream.? Indeed, as well as giving a colloquial, non feeling account on an eighteen year old killed in a bar brawl it is an echo back to similar epitaph in Moby Dick. However, all the valour, glamour and general positives of a heroic epitaph have been totally removed in favour of a comical and almost embarrassing death, merely a hundred years later. This death goes a long way to detail the changed conditions of what has happened in America according to Brautigan."
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Social Protest of the 1960s, 2004.
This paper discusses the 1960s, a decade filled with change, when Americans threw off the aura of conformity from the previous generation.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the equation that caused the explosion of the 1960s was a simple one. ?Consumerism + cold war + denial = conformity?. The paper gives details about two leaders of the 1960s movement for change, Abbie Hoffman and Janis Joplin, each of whom contributed to the social protest mindset of the 1960s in a different way and became symbols of importance to the counterculture. The paper states that, if it were not for the 1960s, blacks might still be forced to the back of the bus, women would still be expected to stay home and not have career ambitions, and Viet Nam might still be going on.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Came before the Storm
Social Protests
Compliments and Contrary Effects
Abbie Hoffman and Janis Joplin
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The social protests began at various stages. The south had them erupting because of the segregation that was still an accepted practice in that area. Other parts of the nation had them because of the Viet Nam conflict and all that it represented by way of government lies and the loss of innocent lives. Innocence was destroyed during this era, as the younger generation pulled back the curtain of the Wizard and saw that it was only a man dressed as the American government. Once the untruths became evident, the grass root movement to change the nation took hold and social protest became a way of life for the American people."
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Women in the 1960s, 2008.
This paper discusses the roles of women in the 1960s, along with societal changes affecting these roles.
2,593 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the 1960s brought about a great deal of change in American life as we know it today. These changes included the passing of the civil rights bill and the women's liberation movement. Both the civil rights and the women's liberation movement have been explored in a great deal of literature about the 1960s. This paper examines everyday life for women in the 1960s. The author focuses on educational and workforce opportunities in addition to family and marriage.
Outline:
Introduction
Life for women in the 1960s
Education and Job opportunities
Marriage and Family
Women's Liberation Movement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although single motherhood was becoming more prevalent it still wasn't as accepted as it is today so many young women got married. Some married women were able to be stay at home mothers if their spouses had good jobs. However, this was usually only the case if the husband had some type of higher education. In many cases if both the husband and the wife only had high school diplomas or did not graduate from high school they both would have to work outside of the home.
"For women who could afford to stay home with their children, much of their daily lives were relegated to managing the home. Women would be responsible for cooking, cleaning, childcare, running errands and the like. Women would also be responsible for ensuring that different community or family functions (eg, birthdays, bridal showers) took place and ran smoothly. Although both working women and housewives were expected to maintain the home, women were becoming increasingly more significant in public life. This was a marked contrast from the 1950's when women's roles were more defined.
"Regardless of whether a woman was a housewife or part of the workforce her daily routine would include taking care of children; whether it be getting them to school, caring for them in the home or sending them to day care. If a woman worked and was also a mother she had to balance work life with home life. In some cases fathers began to take a more active role in the lives of their children but most of the responsibility in rearing children and attending to domestic affairs was left to the woman."
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1960s Liberalism, 2007.
A discussion on liberalism in the 1960s, focusing on the Civil Rights Movement.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how modern liberalism reached a peak in the 1960s United States, when the Great Society program, initiated by President Johnson, resulted in a number of significant reforms. The paper discusses these reforms, particularly in the areas of civil rights and social welfare. The paper analyzes how, since the mid-1970s, however, there has been a definitive move away from liberalism and towards conservatism in the American society. The essay discusses reasons for this change.
Outline:
Introduction
The Philosophy of the 1960s' Liberalism & its Objectives
Accomplishments of 1960s Liberalism
Reasons for the Conservative Backlash
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In the recent history of the United States, liberalism had its heyday in the 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement and feelings against social injustice in the American society culminated in the 'Great Society' program of LBJ that set the ambitious goals of eliminating poverty and racial injustice by launching major initiatives in the areas of education, health, urban problems, transportation, consumer protection, and the environment. Other spin-offs of the liberal era were the flowering of movement for Women's Liberation and the gay rights. From the mid-seventies onward, however, liberalism has gradually been overshadowed by a growing conservative tide in the US society to an extent that many observers have pronounced it 'dead and buried.'"
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Activism, Authenticity & The Solidarity of Self - The Social Forces that Shaped the Sixties in America, 2001.
This essay is about the transformational turmoil and cultural chaos that was the decade of the 1960s.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper historically covers the period of time between 1960, which marked the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement sit-ins in North Carolina, and 1973, which was the year that America's involvement in Vietnam ended. During this span of time, both the Civil Rights Movement and the Women's Liberation Movement were highly active and the nation became heavily involved with the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia. In addition, the largest youth movement in history swept across the nation as students on college campuses all over America organized, rebelled, and eventually brought about a staggering amount of political, social and cultural change. This paper describes the forming of the Sixties Movement and it's actions as well as impact on society.
From the Paper
"The Age of Industrialization that accompanied America's entrance into the twentieth century brought with it the promise of unprecedented national prosperity and progress. The ten years proceeding the turn of the century had marked a decade of industrialized change that had greatly improved the quality of American life and had ended the long and stifling sociocultural period known as the Victorian Era (Garrett 288). Those involved in the developing fields of social and economic sciences noted the changing demographics brought on by the Industrial Age and began to chart patterns of predictions for a rapidly urbanizing America. They foresaw a series of successive social, economical and political changes for an American culture poised on the edge of progressive and eager for evolution and change. These formulas for the future proved effective in aiding cultural and economic adaptability for only the first few decades of the twentieth century, however. Neither the science nor the society of the developing American culture of the early 1900s could have conceived the concept of accelerated speed and veering versatility that these changes would begin to adopt around the middle of the century. Even the most highly advanced and sophisticated technology of today could ever have predicted the transformational turmoil and cultural chaos that was to be the decade of the 1960s."
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1960s Cinema, 2002.
A review of cinema from the 1960s, using five of the most memorable movies from the period.
1,979 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes numerous films of the 1960s which focused on specific social issues, such as the sexual revolution, women's rights and feminism, the military/industrial complex, domestic violence and the breakdown of societal mores and ethics. The five important films referred to are all considered as quintessential examples of 1960s cinema--"The Apartment", "Dr. Strangelove", "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "Bonnie and Clyde" and "Cool Hand Luke".
From the Paper
"In the 1960 comedy/drama "The Apartment", starring Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston and Edie Adams, director Billy Wilder focuses on the main character, C.C. Baxter (Lemmon), an ambitious and somewhat gullible young insurance clerk who tries to advance his social standing by lending his apartment key to several high-ranking executives who are prone to cheating on their wives. But when Baxter meets and falls madly in love with Fran Kubelik (MacLaine), the apartment building's elevator operator, it suddenly dawns on him that Fran is the same woman that his boss (MacMurray), a so-called happily married man, has been taking to his apartment for numerous sexual romps."
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The Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, 2005.
The paper examines the cultural revolution of the 1960s and its effects in American society.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how cultural revolution of the 1960s was a time when young people were angry at the world. The paper explains that they were angry due to losing a president, angry about Vietnam and determined to be different than the past generation of Americans. The paper describes how the cultural revolution of the 1960s brought about technology changes in communication and the media, saw young people take drugs and become hippies and they loved rock and roll. The paper discusses how many became activists for civil rights, women's rights, Vietnam, the war on poverty and domestic issues.
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Civil Rights Laws of the 1960s, 2002.
A discussion of the origins, progress, aftermath and implications of the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s.
5,172 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history behind the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s, primarily the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the '64 Act) and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (the '65 Act) and their implications. The '64 and '65 Acts were enacted during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson and represented a culmination of a long struggle by the civil rights movement for recognition of the legal and political rights of African Americans. It analyzes how they revolutionized politics in the South and helped that region participate more fully in the nation's progress. It also looks at how blacks, other ethnic and racial minorities and women benefited greatly from the civil rights legislation of the 1960s, but how efforts since then by African Americans to participate more fully in American society have largely been thwarted.
Outline
Background
Origins of the '64 Act
Passage of the '64 Act
Johnson's Motivations
Legislative Strategy
Effect of the '64 Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Laws and White Backlash
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further crises followed. The Kennedys negotiated with Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett to ensure the peaceful entry of James Meredith as a student at Mississippi University in September 1962, but they were forced to send in 500 marshals. After the marshals were overwhelmed by a local mob and had suffered 160 wounded, JFK sent in 5,000 Army troops. Both Kennedys felt that they had been double-crossed by Barnett. Weisbrot said "the events at Ole Miss did much to reshape President Kennedy's thinking about race, politics, and his role in civil rights reform." Next, anti-segregation demonstrations took place in Birmingham in the spring of 1963 where nationwide television audiences witnessed the brutality used by Police Chief Bull Connor on unarmed civil rights demonstrators."
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