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Alzheimers, 2002.
An explanation of the disease known as Alzheimers including its cause and how it is treated today.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper defines Alzheimer?s as a progressive, degenerative and irreversible brain disease that stifles the normal cognitive and functional abilities of the affected person. The paper studies the disease in a detail by analyzing the symptoms and the etiology along with the diagnostic approaches as well as the currently available treatment methods. In the process, the paper also includes a discussion of some other common forms of dementia and how AD can be differentiated from them.
From the Paper
"The main cause for the disease is the destruction of the brain cells particularly in the cortex region. In the first stage of the disease the region in the cerebral cortex that is associated with memory is affected. Then as the disease progresses other regions in the cerebral cortex also undergo progressive deterioration leading to total impairment of functional and cognitive abilities. Though as in any other form of dementia syndrome memory loss is one of the chief and noticeable problems the effect of the disease extends to much more than memory loss and in most of the cases there is a total crippling of the brain functions thereby affecting the individuals ability to relate and respond appropriately to the outside world."
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Alzheimers: A Helpful Hand for a Forgetful Mind, 2008.
An understanding of Alzheimer's disease and its legal effects.
6,353 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 58 sources, MLA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by looking at Alzheimer's disease, its epidemiology, and the symptoms that are associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's. The next important factor discussed is how Alzheimer's disease affects the mental capacity of the patient. Part of this factor of diminished capacity is the need for an assessment of mental capacity and subsequently, an appointment of a guardian or power of attorney. Diminished capacity can also lead to issues in creating wills, entering into a marriage, entering into contracts, crime conviction, and civil liability. Finally, this paper incorporates different court cases that illustrate the necessity of retaining counsel when a physician diagnoses a family member with Alzheimer's disease.
Outline
Table of Contents
Introduction
Alzheimer's Disease
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Treatment
Effects On Patient's Legal Capacity
Executing a Will
Entering into Marriage
Entering into a Contract
Criminal Responsibility
Civil Responsibility
Legal Implications Thereof
Assessment
Guardianship
Powers of Attorney
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In addition to clinical diagnosis, there may be laboratory tests conducted on the patient, such as brain imaging and blood tests. Brain imaging can help in the evaluation of people with cognitive disorders because it helps to see the focal or generalized pathological changes that can cause this disorder. Health care workers can conduct CT scans to show the focal and general neuropathical changes in the patient's brain including hemorrhage, infarction, tumor, and abscess. According to Gilman, "PET studies of cerebral metabolism with flurodeoxyglucose have revealed hypometabolism in a characteristic distribution in Alzheimer's disease, with involvement predominantly in the posterior temporoparietal regions." Finally, a physician can conduct blood and urine tests to determine if there are other causes of the dementia. Usually these causes can be can be corrected and help rule out a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Remember, while the symptoms of dementia can bring about a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, dementia can also be caused by things such as thyroid problems, the human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis. Laboratory tests help pinpoint the cause of the cognitive problems and can lead to a more sound diagnosis. "
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Sad and Serious: Alzheimers, 2002.
This paper is an in-depth look at the fourth leading cause of death in adults: Alzheimer's Disease.
5,570 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, £ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of Alzheimer's Disease. The author covers such issues as diagnosis of the disease, causation, groups affected by Alzheimer's, and an assessment of available treatments. The paper also explores the importance of caregivers for those suffering from the disease, and how Alzheimer's figures into current events.
From the Paper
"There are various correct definitions of Alzheimer's disease. The following is an accepted definition for Alzheimer's disease found in the fourth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary of the American Language. A disease marked by the loss of cognitive ability, generally over a period of ten to fifteen years, and associated with the development of abnormal tissues and protein deposits in the cerebral cortex. Alzheimer's disease is more than just a matter of aging. Real Alzheimer's is not just an occasional lapse that leads to embarrassment; it is a gradually worsening impairment of memory that ends in the total inability to function. It is a disease of any age."
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Nursing Alzheimers, 2005.
A review of research into the quality of care for Alzheimer's patients and their families.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough evaluation of a qualitative research endeavor with respect to quality of care for the Alzheimer's patient and family. Particular attention was given to design and substantive aspects of qualitative research methods when reporting data. Recommendations were made with respect to how to improve the study along with presenting the limitations and errors the authors made.
From the Paper
"Fairly commenting on an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research, it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn."
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Alzheimers Disease, 2005.
A report looking at the client population of those who have Alzheimer's disease.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This report identifies and recognizes the population of individuals dealing with the condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The paper describes the impact that a diagnosis of AD can have on the person diagnosed and the caretakers of that person, the type of support and service people with AD and their families receive and the inadequacies of that service and what can be done to improve the service and support.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's Disease not only affects millions of individuals in America, but it is also one of the leading causes of death in the old population. And providing long-term care for Alzheimer's can be problematic in terms of both personal and economic cost, as the disease does not show improvement as it progresses and is even not covered by many supplemental insurance plans because it is cost-prohibitive. Medicare and other insurance options must be tailored to treat Alzheimer's with attention not just to the older client population who are suffering from the disease, but to support staff and family member who must also cope with it. A holistic pattern should be expanded in this respect to give care to the client population suffering from Alzheimer's as well as their spouses, who may be emotionally and mentally effected, family, who may be daunted by the prohibitive nature of the disease, and healthcare professionals, who may see the disease as unbeatable and respond inappropriately in the level of care being given to the client themselves."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2007.
An examination of the causes and treatment options for Alzheimer's disease.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an intensive exploration of Alzheimer's disease. The writer approaches it from the field of psychology and discusses the signs, symptoms, causes, risks, medications and treatment for the disease from a psychological perspective. The paper examines how Alzheimer's disease is being addressed and discusses the signs and symptoms that can indicate its onset. The paper analyzes the mental health issues that come with a diagnosis of the disease and treatments that dovetail with the current drugs being used. The paper concludes that, while Alzheimer's disease is still significantly stressful, there are great strides being made to combat its progression and effects.
Outline:
Introduction
What Is Alzheimer's?
History Of Alzheimer's Disease
History Of Alzheimer's Disease
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
" Mood stabilizers have been found to be useful. Some of the drugs used to treat disease include "tacrine (Cognex), donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), or galantamine (Razadyne, previously known as Reminyl) may help prevent some symptoms from becoming worse for a limited time. Another drug, memantine (Namenda), has been approved to treat moderate to severe AD, although it also is limited in its effects. Also, some medicines may help control behavioral symptoms of AD such as sleeplessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, and depression. Treating these symptoms often makes patients more comfortable and makes their care easier for caregivers(Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet
http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/adfact.htm).""
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Alzheimer?s Disease, 2005.
Examines Alzheimer's disease as a major medical problem for the new millennium.
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
As more and more people live longer, many suffer from senility and Alzheimer's disease. This paper discusses the stages of the disease and how medical science has advanced in its ability to diagnose Alzheimer's.
The paper also examines the future for this disease.
Introduction
The Definition of Alzheimer's Disease
The Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
Advances in Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease
Predicting Alzheimer's Disease
Outlook for the Future
Footnotes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Other researchers are focusing on the 'oxidative stress' and 'programmed cell death' parts of the puzzle. It is becoming clear that oxidative stress occurs in AD, but it is not yet clear whether oxidation actually causes the neuro-degeneration, or is simply another side effect of AD. Some scientists believe that oxidative stress is a relatively early event in the disease process. They argue that the aging brain is less able to defend itself against oxidative stress, and that this helps to explain why AD is a disease that primarily strikes older people. Researchers are working now to understand whether beta-amyloid initiates the oxidative damage in AD. Vitamin E and some of the other drugs that show promise against AD may have anti-oxidant properties."
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?Iris? and Alzheimer's, 2002.
An examination of the portrayal of Alzheimer's Disease in the movie, "Iris".
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper is discusses the film, "Iris," directed by Richard Eyre. The film is based on the life of British writer Iris Murdoch, who descended into Alzheimer's disease and finally died of the disease in 1999. In particular, it summarizes the material in the film and evaluates the accuracy of the observations based on research. It shows how Alzheimer's Disease is more than simply forgetting where you put your car keys, as the film vividly portrays, and how although it is not always easy to watch, it is a startling portrayal of the progression of Alzheimer's, so much so that many Alzheimer's groups embraced the film, hoping it would enlighten viewers to the real world of the Alzheimer patient.
From the Paper
"As the film progresses, Iris has more and more memory "blips," which illustrate the continuing degradation of her mind, and the stunning progression of the disease. She repeats herself at a lecture. Her mind goes blank during a television interview. As the disease progresses, the incidents get worse, just as they do in real life. She falls out of a moving car. In the doctor's office, she cannot remember who the Prime Minister is. It's amusing when she says "It doesn' t matter. Someone will know," ("Iris"), but its also tragic to see this "beautiful mind" so ravaged by this disease. Experts who have studied the disease talk about how the disease limits your world."
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Caring for Alzheimer's Patients, 2003.
An evaluation of the Calista Roy nursing model for caring for patients with Alzheimers.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper paper applies the Calista Roy nursing practice model to the care of elderly Alzheimer's patients. The paper begins by discussing the five major concepts of nursing, according to the model. Next the paper evaluates the impact of both internal and external environments on patient care. Finally, the paper discusses how the burden of care for Alzheimer's patients most often falls on family members and asks whether the Calista Roy model might alleviate this burden.
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2006.
A review of Alzheimer's disease, discussing the history, symptoms, treatments and issues related to the disease.
2,171 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Alzheimer's disease, a degenerative brain disorder that was first identified in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer. This disease represents the single most prevalent form of brain disorders and is also the leading cause of dementia, affecting approximately 4.5 million people in the Untied States. The paper provides a brief overview of the disease, the symptoms, the diagnostic procedures and the treatment methods in order for us to gain a better understanding of this degenerative brain disorder.
Outline:
Introduction
Alzheimer's Disease
Early and Late onset Alzheimer's Disease
Symptoms of the Disease
Memory Loss and Language Disorder
Depression
Dyspraxia and Agnosia
Diagnosis
Tests for Cognitive Impairment
Positron Emission Topography
Major Causes of Alzheimer's Disease
Amyloid Plaques
NeuroFibrillary Tangles
Metal ions
Treatment Methods
Restoring Cholinergic Transmission
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Considerable reduction in cholinergic transmission is one of the primary causes for the loss of memory and other associated symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and other kinds of dementia. Hence pharmacological treatment for AD mainly revolves around rectifying this circulatory deficit within the brain. Compounds designed to enhance cholinergic transmission constitute an important part of the treatment plan. Acetylcholine the neurotransmitter of the brain is considerably broken down in-patients suffering from AD and other dementias. The underlying mechanism of the neurotransmitter can be simplified as follows. An electrical impulse generated passes along the nerve and when it reaches the end it triggers the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters, which in turn diffuse along the synaptic cleft and react with the specific receptor sites on the organ. Activation at the receptor junction initiates a series of chemical reactions resulting in a specific biological response. "
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Alzheimer?s Disease, 2006.
An assessment of the causes and preventative factors of Alzheimer's disease.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper studies Alzheimer's Disease, which affects more than two million Americans. The paper provides an overview and definition of the disease, which is a progressive form of dementia. Next, the paper examines possible causes of the disease as well as risk factors, such as gender, age and obesity. The paper then turns to preventative factors, including a daily dosage of ibuprofen and Vitamin E. The paper concludes that longevity has an effect on brain deterioration.
Outline
Introduction
Definition of Alzheimer's
Possible causes of Alzheimer's
Preventative Factors
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's is the most common type of irreversible dementia. Some early signs of the disease include mood changes, difficulties with attention spans and memory. There can also be problems with anxiety and restlessness. Some people experience depression as they realize their difficulties. It is important individuals receive proper social support and counseling to cope with their diagnosis. Alzheimer's patients move through disease progression at different rates. There often is a broad distinction made between the early middle, and advanced stages of Alzheimer's. In the early stages the only signs may be mild forgetfulness. As the disease progresses, individuals often have difficultly traveling alone and become confused in unfamiliar surroundings. Finally as the disease progresses to the end stage individuals have difficultly with verbal abilities, incontinence, and trouble walking (Snowdon, 2001)."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2007.
This paper considers the medical and social aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
1,912 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Alzheimer's disease typically afflicts patients during the later years of their lives and is most commonly associated with a general loss of cognitive function. The paper discusses the prevalence of Alzheimer's and its increasing profile during the 1990s that led scientists to dub it the "disease of the 20th century." The paper illustrates how Alzheimer's can place a terrible burden on a patient's loved ones, who are forced to watch the patient's slow mental decline. The paper also notes that the cost of Alzheimer's to American society is significant. The paper concludes that science will have to commit tremendous intellectual and financial resources to developing a cure for Alzheimer's, as the disease is expected to greatly proliferate over the next several years.
From the Paper
"A number of things occur in the brain that cause a person to develop Alzheimer's symptoms. Many Alzheimer's patients experience a sharp decrease in the production of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter, and over-production of the protein B-amyloid, which can cause obstructive neuritic plaques to form (Alzheimer's disease, No date). Alzheimer's patients also may experience brain deterioration related to aging, such as neuron or snynaptic loss, which can impair cognitive and neurological function."
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MCI and Alzheimer's Disease, 2007.
This paper discusses the background of mild cognitive impairment and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease.
882 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a fairly new term to the medical community. The paper relates that most healthcare professionals use it to describe "people who have some problems with their memory but do not actually have dementia." The paper discusses how studies indicate MCI can predict Alzheimer's. The paper explains that as research progresses, a new understanding of Alzheimer's disease and its predictors could hopefully allow treatment and longevity for victims of this disease. The paper relates that for those continuing to suffer from the disease, new designs in assisted living and Alzheimer's facilities can facilitate treatment, a better quality of life and increased involvement in eventually discovering a cure for Alzheimer's disease.
From the Paper
"This condition is not a disease, and not everyone who has it develops Alzheimer's disease. However, many studies indicate MCI can predict Alzheimer's and many individuals diagnosed with MCI do go on to develop Alzheimer's within a few years. The Alzheimer's Society of Great Britain notes, "In studies carried out in memory clinics, 10-15 per cent of people with MCI went on to develop dementia in each year that the research results were followed up" (Editors). In other words, about 50 percent of MCI sufferers developed Alzheimer's within three to five years of their diagnosis (Sherman 1)."
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Alzheimer's, Genetics, and Public Health: An Overview, 2008.
A detailed account of the causes of Alzheimer's disease and a review of current research.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia that affects millions of people worldwide each year. Although no definitive cause has yet been discovered, this paper reviews current research into various possible causes and risk factors for AD, including pathological causes and lifestyle factors that have been shown to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease and the implications of these factors for health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment.
Outline:
Pathological Causes of Alzheimer's Disease: Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles
Genetic Factors in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease
Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Briefly, the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are thought to contribute to the degradation of the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain and the subsequent symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In AD, plaques develop in areas of the brain used for memory.8 Amyloid is a general term for protein fragments that the body produces normally. Beta-amyloid is a fragment of a protein that breaks off from another protein in the body. In a healthy brain, these protein fragments would be broken down. In Alzheimer's disease, the fragments accumulate to form hard, insoluble plaques.8
"Neurofibrillary tangles consist of a series of insoluble twisted fibers found inside the brain's cells. These tangles are made of a protein called tau, which forms part of a structure in the brain called a microtubule. The microtubule helps transport nutrients and other important material from one part of the nerve cell to another. In Alzheimer's disease, however, the tau protein is abnormal and these microtubule structures collapse."
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