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Age of Consent Laws, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of age of sexual consent laws and some of the current debate surrounding this issue.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that American common law, which formed the basis for later legislatures, set the ?age of sexual consent? at ten; but, today, the laws are different in different states: California, Oregon, Arizona, and Wisconsin set age 18 as the minimum age for consensual sex (for girls); most other states set age 16 or 17. The author points out that, recently, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has filed a case in a Kansas appeals court demanding the reduction of the age of consent back to 13, as was originally defined in the ?Common Law?. The paper stresses that 'age of consent law' has an important restrictive role in our present day society and serves to protect young children from undue exploitation.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History
The Present Law
Controversial Reactions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Topics of such controversial nature carry arguments from both groups. One the one hand are the parents, social reformers and religious leaders who are concerned about the declining moral values and the health disorders that will result from premature sexual indulgence. This group of people is trying to raise the limit of the age of consent and hope that a legal barrier would prevent what they perceive a moral disaster and protect young and innocent children from exploitation. On the other hand are those (ACLU) who revolt against the law as an intrusion into children?s personal rights. These groups consider the restrictive laws as ?a cogent and passionate critique of the war against young people?s sexuality.? "
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Maryland - The Legal Age of Consent, 2001.
This paper is a critical analysis of the very young legal age of consent in Maryland.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the problematic age of legal consent in the United States in general and Maryland specifically. It analyzes the importance of maturity in making this decision and argues that maturity and reason is not necessarily decided by age. The author sees that the law seems to divert focus to age rather than to consent. It gives an example of a story about minors having consensual sex but not necessarily willingly. It concludes that children who are immature should be protected from rash decisions in order to make sure they don't get emotionally and physically scarred.
From the Paper
"Here?s something you probably didn?t know, boys and girls! According to the ?Legal Age of Consent Website,? the legal age of consent in the state of Maryland is fifteen. In layperson?s terms this means that before the age of fifteen, even if you want to say ?yes, yes, yes,? a la Meg Ryan in ?When Harry Met Sally,? certain rules and restrictions may apply. This is reasonable, correct? After all, you are minors. You all have certain special legal protections and privileges (Such as making sure your legal guardian gives you bread, McDonald?s milkshakes, and board. Such as the fact mall security noticed those platform shoes you just happened to walk out of Delia?s with won?t be a part of your permanent record). Why shouldn?t the law also reserve an interest in protecting you from your own potential lapses in judgment so you can better become a happy and healthy adult? The image of a fifteen-year-old-girl dating a college student probably not only seems like a huge lapse to your parents and to the world at large but to many of your own minds as well."
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To Age or Not to Age, 2008.
This paper discusses plastic surgery, the media, and the public.
2,529 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that those in the media and public eye are constantly scrutinized regarding their looks and their age. Women, more so than men, are expected to appear young and vibrant, and many have turned to plastic surgery to achieve this goal. More and more men in the media, however, are also jumping on the surgery bandwagon to compete with their younger male counterparts entering the industry. The writer discusses that this move toward plastic surgery is a wonderful method of turning back the clock on aging as long as it is a voluntary, informed choice, and not done with trepidation as a desperate act to restore youth. The writer argues that having cosmetic plastic surgery should remain a personal choice and whether one decides to alter, improve, or enhance their appearance should not be a reflection, either positively or negatively on their character, as it should not on the individual who decides to forego the procedure. Although those physically attractive people in the media and in society in general often receive preferential treatment and are perceived by others as more sociable and intelligent, it is not perception that is important, but how one feels about themselves on the inside that really counts. The writer concludes that this is what should lead us regarding any decision we should make about the media, plastic surgery, and our lives in general.
From the Paper
"One such example of a female broadcaster who has refused to change her appearance is that of Stephanie Edwards, who had hosted the televised versions of the Rose Parade for many years and was the ongoing spokesperson for Lucky's Supermarkets in their broadcast and print advertisements. Her co-host for the yearly parades was a male game show host and media celebrity, Wink Martindale, who is now the spokesperson for Orbitz, a travel agency. While Stephanie's older co-host, Wink, continued to receive his 5-year contracts, Stephanie was given 1-year contracts instead. Additionally, her contract with Lucky's restricted her to radio spots only. Today, Stephanie Edwards is nowhere to be seen in television media, however, as stated Wink, looking as if he has had some "work" done himself, is successfully doing television commercials for Orbitz."
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Crimes Against Nature Laws, 2001.
This paper examines sodomy laws in the United States and their history.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various sodomy laws that invade people's privacy and govern what they can and cannot do in the bedroom. It states the weird laws in some states, with even life in prison punishments for sodomy. Sodomy laws prohibit oral and anal sex between consenting adults. It includes tables and charts containing historical data about sodomy laws in the United States.
From the Paper
"Many hold the opinion that in a free society, consenting adults should not be put in jail unless they physically harm the person or property of another. The government, however, feels that it has an obligation to protect the people from the use various acts. By making and upholding laws that make these acts illegal, the government goes so far as to govern the bedrooms of American citizens with sodomy or crimes against nature laws. This paper will examine the origin of sodomy laws, their restrictions, their proliferation, and the people's right to privacy. Origin Sodomy laws generally prohibit oral and anal sex, even between consenting adults. The exact origin of sodomy laws is not clear, but they probably stem from religious and historical beliefs about sexuality and sodomy. "
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Morality Laws, 2005.
A discussion of morality laws, contending that they lead to intolerance and discrimination.
1,604 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of morality laws on society, arguing that these laws are employed for the purposes of oppression and substantially contribute to intolerance and discrimination. The paper contends that not all members of a society follow the same religion, culture, or moral standards, whereby the interference of the law in such acts as sex between consenting adults is interference in individual freedom that would lead to injustice, intolerance, and discrimination, as occurs in Egypt towards homosexuals.
From the Paper
"The word morality generally refers to a system of behaviour which does not permit actions and behaviours that are harmful to others. Some thinkers like Lord Patrick Devlin, however, object to such general definitions of morality and attempt to apply much more specific definitions. This group wants morality to be defined according to the principles of specific cultures and religions and for that definition to be supported by law. As Lord Devlin writes, "morals and religion are inextricably linked" and the law is the only method possible of protecting those moral and religious principles. This argument supports the creation of morality laws. Under such a system, Lord Devlin argues, the laws will represent the moral principles of the society. Therefore, the laws of a Christian society will criminalize, for example, homosexuality and sex outside marriage, even if it takes place between consenting adults because Christianity has defined these actions as immoral. Lord Devlin's view and argument is very controversial because it goes against both the liberty that a society should enjoy and individual freedom. As the Professor of Jurisprudence, H.L.A. Hart wrote in his response to Devlin, this means "that the function of human law should not be merely to provide men with an opportunity for leading a good life, but actually to see that they lead it" (189). Although Devlin offered a good argument for the establishment of laws that reflect the morals of a society, or morality laws, and argued that doing so is important for the protection of the society's moral code, Hart was correct in objecting to this. Not all members of a society follow the same religion, culture or moral standards whereby the interference of the law in such acts as sex between consenting adults, is interference in individual freedom that would lead to injustice, intolerance and discrimination, like occurs in Egypt towards homosexuals."
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Judah during Iron Age I and Iron Age II, 2004.
An investigation into changes in subsistence practices in Judah during Iron Age I and Iron Age II.
2,189 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This region has assumed new importance in the 21st century, but Palestine and its surroundings regions have held political, military, and strategic significance for thousands of years. In order to better understand what influences were at play during these early periods, this paper provides an examination of subsistence patterns in Iron Age I and II Judah, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Includes an excellent map of ancient Judah's southern border as a figure.
From the Paper
"While the invention of the wheel and the mastery of metal working are lost in the mists of time, many scientists credit the ancient Sumerians with both. In this region, the evolution of civilization and the benefits it produced allowed for such alternative pursuits, and the gains realized through improvements in trade and agriculture resulted in profound and lasting influences on how people have lived and worked together ever since."
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Teenage Abortion, 2004.
This paper examines the factors that influence a teenager?s decision to have an abortion, including economics, Planned Parenthood programs, and parental consent laws.
4,625 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Life Options model, the concept of planning for the future and having the ability to have some control over that future, is a major force behind deciding to have an abortion. The paper points out that, though many experts assert that parental consent laws are good and reduce abortion, there are many health professionals that believe that parental consent is not a good policy because parental consent laws can delay the amount of time that it takes a teenager to inform their parents about their pregnancy and places the teenager in a position to experience negative health risks. The paper concludes that Planned Parenthood programs are effective because they allow teens to ask specific questions and get accurate answers about sex, STDs, contraception, pregnancy, and abortion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
Literature Review
Economic Factors
Do Planned Parenthood Programs Reduce the Amount of Abortions?
Parental Consent Laws and Decreased Abortion Rates
Hypothesis
Variables
Validation of Hypothesis
Methodology/Procedure
Analysis and Interpretation
Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As you can see socioeconomics definite plays a role in influencing a teen?s decision to have an abortion. To explain it simply teenage girls that have the financial means to have an abortion are more likely to choose abortion as an option. In addition, teenagers that know that they can obtain a college education are more likely to pursue an abortion. Those that are disadvantaged have very little hope about their future plans and are very often struggling academically. Also studies suggest that there are differences in abortion rates among those of with different racial backgrounds."
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21st Century Perspectives on Ageing, 2007.
An analysis of all aspects of the ageing process in the 21st century and suggestions of how to age well.
28,199 words (approx. 112.8 pages), 100 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the definitions, conditions and various physical, as well as psychological, social and cultural aspects of ageing in the 21st Century. The paper focuses not only on the psychological aspects of ageing but is more holistic in its approach and views the interrelationship between physical and biological ageing and social and demographic aspects in the contemporary world. The paper concludes by providing an outline and suggestions related to the various components of ageing well.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Literature Overview
Methodology
Section One. Components Of Aging
What Is Ageing: Definitions Of Senescence, Views And Demographics
Defining Ageing: The Relationship Between Individual And Social Ageing
Demographics
How And Why We Age
Causative Facets And Theories In Senescence Or Ageing
Evolutionary Theories And Longevity
Cellular Senescence
Ageing And Chemical Damage
Contemporary Theoretical Stances
The Biological Aspects Of Ageing
The Effects Of Biological Ageing On The Body
Memory And Cognitive Decline
Major Health Concerns Of The Aged.
Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease
Arthritis
Cancer
COPD And Asthma
Coronary Heart Disease
Diabetes And Osteoporosis
HTN And Stroke
Thyroid Problems
Glaucoma
Gender Specific Health Issues
Women's Health Problems
Menopause
Uterine Problems
Male Health Issues
Mental Problems
Section Two. The Social Components Of Ageing
Social Aspects
The Social Needs Of The Elderly
The Importance Of Family
Care Of The Elderly
Living Arrangements
Informal Caregiving
Section Three: Components Of Aging Well
Introduction
Physical Components Of Ageing Well
Nutrition
Avoiding Alcohol And Smoking
Exercises For The Elderly
Intellectual Activities And Attitude
Volunteerism And Personal Development
Anti-Ageing Medicine And Lifestyle
Social Aspects Of Ageing Well
The Importance Of Family And Home Care
Religion And Faith As Factors In Ageing Well
Religion And Social Support
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Furthermore, the family is the social institution that "continues to provide most care and supportive services to their older members." (Informal Caregiving) Family structures in society are estimated to account for about 80 percent of all elderly care in industrialized societies. (Informal Caregiving) This form of care can include short term care after illness or surgery as well as long term assistance when an elderly person is disabled or ill for long periods of time. The type of essential care that family members provide includes "...direct services (grocery shopping, transportation to doctors), the purchase of services (housecleaning, nursing services) and the management of services (coordinating and overseeing medical/rehabilitative care) as well as emotional and social support." (Informal Caregiving)"
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Philosophy of Aging, 2004.
Discusses the inevitability of aging and some of the changes that come along with aging as well as optimistic and hopeful philosophy that should be applied to the aging process.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a philosophy of aging that emphasizes hope and commitment. Positive outcome of aged people staying productive, busy and engaged in meaningful ways. Importance of helping older individuals live in dignity in the final stage of their lives.
From the Paper
"Aging is inevitable and is accompanied by many challenges and opportunities. Most elderly people, even those fortunate enough to live in advanced countries where high quality medical care is readily available and easily affordable, experience some decline in their physical functionality. Most also experience a series of losses that can include the loss of a spouse or partner, of friends, of an occupation that has helped to define the individual and of a certain amount of autonomy.Even among the healthy and somewhat..."
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The Ages of Reason and of the Enlightenment, 2007.
This paper discusses the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment and its most prominent philosophers: Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant.
2,680 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the Age of Reason is generally considered a separate movement in 17th and early 18th century Europe that evolves into the Age of Enlightenment, both eras are considered to have overlapping boundaries and to be one extended period of intellectual, scientific and philosophical advancement. The author points out that, while Voltaire's most memorable and influential work is "Candide" and Kant is famous for his philosophy of "Universal Law", Rousseau's most meaningful works are his "Second Discourse" and his "Social Contract". The paper concludes that the philosophical writings and intellectual discoveries of the philosophers of the Ages of Reason and of Enlightenment helped to start the American and French Revolutions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Immanuel Kant
Conclusion: The "Enlightenment" led to the American and French Revolutions
From the Paper
"Rousseau's logic was that disobedience, then, would be "legitimate" as soon as "sufficient power was acquired." Part of what Rousseau was accomplishing in this writing was a rebuttal to Hobbes, who had asserted in chapters 5 and 6 of "De Cive" and ..., that right and force should always go hand-in-hand. Hobbes' reasoning was that mere words (laws), without the "sword" to back them up, were not sufficient to stay the course. You can't just issue degrees without having the use of force lurking in the background to make sure those degrees have some "teeth" so to speak. But Rousseau rejected that idea."
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Developmental Aging through the Cognitive Process, 2005.
A research paper looking at three different ranges of the aging process.
4,390 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
This study researches aging from the aspect of cognitive development, which includes all aspect of adult development including theory and research. This work is done from the view of a cognitive cohorts aspect inclusive of case studies, which state that this is from both the male and female perspective. Phases of Development are inclusive of mental, physical and emotional changes experienced by the aging individual. The three ranges covered in respect to developmental cohorts are those of Middle Age range 40-60 years of age, Older Mature Phase 60-80 years of age and Elder Range of ages 80 and beyond.
Table of Contents
Purpose
Introduction
Disease and Aging
Life Span
Molecular/Cellular Changes in Aging
Aging Theories
Accelerated Aging Diseases
Developmental Psychological Aspects of Aging
Developmental Cohorts
Facts of Aging
Cognitive Development
Piaget Theorist: Four States of Human Cognitive Development
Literature Review
Physiological Signs of Aging
Outward Signs of Aging
Adult Developmental Stages
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Aging has many different variables and occurs at rates that are different among individuals and among species. Senescence is viewed by gerontologists as a "collection of degenerative entropic processes related only by the fact that the occurrence is over a period of time. One theory is the "Loose Cannon Theory" which proposes that an entropy-producing agent-free radical or glucose disrupts cellular macromolecular constituents over a period of time.""
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Child Development from Ages Two to Ten, 1991.
This paper discusses the child development traits particular to each age group from ages two to ten for example "terrible two's", equilibruim, conformity, exploration and socialization..
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"As human beings, we go through varying stages of development, physically emotionally, and psychologically, which are designed to prepare us for adulthood. Though many a parent will exclaim over the changes confronting them during their child's transition from juvenile to teenager, the years from age two to ten are filled with many more dramatic, confusing, exciting and difficult changes. The purpose of this paper will be to discuss these years, outlining the traits particular to each age group. In addition, the research will conclude with a selection of the best and worst of ages.
The two-year-old stage is often referred to as the "terrible twos." There is a good reason for this. Children typically are terrible between the ages of two and three, with the stage sometimes beginning as early as eighteen months ... "
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Aging Work Force in America, 2005.
Discusses the impact of an aging work force on the American economy, focusing on federal government employees.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
The work force in America is rapidly aging. This rapidly aging work force creates challengers for organizations that must manage an aging work force. This paper explores the challenges of managing an aging work force within any given organization. It focuses on the fact that many older Baby Boomers are retiring, while others are choosing to work well passed the retirement age. Managers must devise ways to manage such a work force. Employers must understand the challenges that may arise, as an aging work force becomes part of the fabric of the organization. If employers do not attempt to understand and implement solutions for managing an aging work force, their organizations will suffer greatly. The paper begins by explaining why the aging work force is such an issue in the current work force.
From the Paper
"The organization that we will focus on during the course of this discussion is the federal government. Many employed by the federal government will either reach retirement age or be eligible for retirement. These retirements will create a huge disparity within the federal government and will bring into question how an aging workforce should be managed. As we all know, changes in technology and communications have created varying skill sets amongst the generations. For instance, many baby boomers came into the workforce when mainframe computers were the newest technology. On the other hand, today?s generation is configuring wireless networks that can be accessed anywhere at any time. On the other hand, the aging segment of the workforce also has valuable work experience that cannot easily be replaced. They also possess managerial and leadership skills that the younger generation has not yet acquired. For this reason, many employers both federal and private have been attempting to keep and recruit retired persons or those close to retirement."
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Death of an Aged Parent, 2003.
An understanding of loss and grief caused by the death of an aged parent and its effects on adult children past middle age.
3,169 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
Individuals grieve in their own way and in their own time. In examining the journey loss and the grieving of that loss in one family, this paper applies the theory to a real life situation of the death of an aged parent and the implications for adult children, themselves past middle age and experiencing their own aging journey. Their experiences are related to theoretical and personal understandings of loss and grief.
From the Paper
"There is a range of reasons given for why the community struggles towards a psychology of loss. There is a lack of overall integration in the area of loss research - the authors cite evidence in this field of material that is disjointed, disorganized and descriptive. This is further supported what has been described as "a plethora of "self help" books which deal with grief. The latter these authors maintain, further diminishes the importance of loss as a scientific area of study (Miller & Omarzu, 1998). These authors maintain that because there is no clear psychology of loss there is an urgent need for what does exist to go into pre-existing or new theoretical models."
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