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Afro-American Music, 2001.
A comparison of two new types of music - Gangsta Rap and Minstrelsy in the African American context.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the African American entertainment styles of minstrelsy and gangsta rap. The essay contains a lengthy discussion of the differences and similarities in these styles of music. Finally, it presents a discussion that supports the author's thesis that gangsta rap is the new minstrelsy.
From the Paper
"The development of African American music closely parallels the history of African Americans. African American history is rich and begins with the first slave capture in the 16th century. Decades of slavery followed, until the signing of the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation. Following the proclamation, African Americans were slowly integrated into American society as free people."
In the 21st century, exemplary African Americans like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, and Jesse Jackson slowly moved the African American population to greater equality with white Americans. The 21st century saw the end of segregation in schools and public places, the rise of black power, and the continued development of a rich and unique African American culture. "
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Afro-Americans in American Film, 2002.
An overview of the stereotyping by American cinema of African Americans through a review of the movie "Black identity".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the idea of film playing a part of in the media in the creation of stereotypes of harshness in "Black identity". By examining some of the film, which led to this, we can learn much about blacks are portrayed as 'hoods' or associated with crime in some or another. By making this distinction in film, we can learn how this image is clearly projected in black culture by white dominated media.
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Brief History of Afro-American Families, 2002.
This paper looks at the economic and social and psychological history of African-American families.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is an overview of Afro-American history, beginning with slavery in the 1700s. The author looks at how slavery affected the nuclear family, both economically and psychologically, and how this pattern continues to be prevalent in today's Afro-American families. Some of the issues discussed include, the owner-slave relationship, marriages between slaves and how slavery affected children and their identity. The paper also looks at the post-Emancipation period and the hardships that the freed slaves continued to encounter including poverty, unemployment and racial discrimination. According to the author, migration from the South to the North was one of the most significant changes that occurred as a result of Emancipation. The Afro-American families' strong bond, which may not be categorized as a
'traditional' but 'extended' family can be traced back to the period of slavery and in this author's opinion, shows the strengths of the community as a whole.
From the Paper
"Roberson reported that some of the migrating families were quite large, with six or seven children. It could be very difficult to find housing to old a family of that size, even with extensive family and community support. So often, these parents would have to make hard decisions to break the family apart, at least temporarily. Some of the children would be taken in by aunts and uncles, but given that the extended family was so strong, connected and well bonded together, this wasn?t as wrenching as it might have been. The extended family continued to watch out for and support the new arrivals until they had work and a place to stay. (Roberson, accessed 2002)"
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Afro-American Women, 2006.
This paper examines the role as well as the progress of the African-American woman in feminism while comparing her to that of her white counterpart.
2,063 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the issue of African-American women and feminism, from the 1960s to the present, while focusing on the views and opinions of various authors such as Patricia Hill Collins. Collins, a powerful voice in matters of black feminist epistemology, contends that because black women have access to both the Afro-centric and feminist standpoints, then, for a full analysis, both traditions should be represented through an "alternative epistemology." Collins also states that the key dimension of an Afro-centric feminist epistemology is the black woman's centrality in families and community organizations.
The writer of this paper discusses the issues that pertained to many African-American women in the 1960s and 1970s, who felt that the objectives and practices of feminism pertained mainly to white women. In the early 1970s, black feminists challenged this situation, questioning the assumption that white feminists spoke for all women and demanded -and eventually were given- women's studies programs on the experiences, culture and literature of black women. At that time, the activist black women who made the demands were denounced for espousing black nationalism, nonetheless, appropriate courses on "women of color" were eventually added to the women's studies' curriculum, which are detailed in this paper. This paper examines the progress and empowerment of African-American women over the years who are now able to lead in ways they had never thought possible, prior to 1960.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Main Body of the Paper: Literature Review
Epistemology
Conclusion
References
References Not Included in the Body of the Paper
From the Paper
"In her book, Collins suggests that the Black feminist thought processes speaks to "the importance that knowledge plays in empowering oppressed people." Moreover, Black feminist thought offers a "fundamental paradigmatic shift in how we think about oppression," though the process of reconceptualizing "the social relations of domination and resistance." Black feminist thought also empowers "subordinate groups" by infusing them with "new knowledge" that helps them define the reality of their own existence. What is impressive about Collins - besides the fact that clearly she's brilliant, alert to what real Black women are doing and feeling - is that she is fair-minded when it comes to her scholarship, and generally eschews long and emotional harangues about the white culture, and about white feminist epistemology that has in the past stood in the way of African-American feminists reaching out to the world with their vision."
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The Religious Afro-American, 2002.
A look at the religious way of the African American.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This six-page paper looks at the aspects of the African American and how the use of the Church within his community acts as a ritualized and cultural event within the African American family unit. Also discussing the ideals and values of attendance at church with a discussion and look at the effects of slavery had on the present religion. The methods adopted to control salves and their resistance is also considered.
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Afro-American Women and Competitive Sports, 2002.
A discussion on how the women's division of the National Amateur Athletic Federation in 1923 did not hold ground with the African-American communities.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper is written about C. H. Gissendanner. He, primarily, opines that the gender separatism and the distinction between competitive sport and the ideal of femininity as espoused by the Women's Division of the National Amateur Athletic Federation in 1923 did not hold ground with the African-American communities.
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Negative Impact of Popular Music and Music Videos, 2003.
Investigates the negative impact of popular music and music videos on youth in the United States today.
3,623 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The music industry spends enormous amounts of money to create music videos that will make a profit, and the one ingredient they have consistently found that helps sell their products is violence; this violence is usually directed toward women. The AAP notes that there is a paucity of research concerning the impact of such gratuitous violence on children and adolescents. To this end, this paper demonstrates this relationship through a critical review of the literature, followed by a summary of the research and recommendations in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The definitions concerning what constitutes entertainment and what is protected by the 1st Amendment do not necessarily address the underlying problems of violence in the media and sometimes only serve to merely contribute to the statistical haze that surrounds an already complex situation. The recent appearance of national leaders on MTV attests to the importance and power of music videos in shaping the nation?s conscience. Further, while many non-black observers feel that rap music is just ?so much noise generated by angry black youths,? rap music or simply ?rap,? is in actuality a reflection of the current affairs within the communities in which it is performed. Rap is a ?genre of rhythm-and-blues music that consists of rhythmic vocals declaimed over musical accompaniment. The accompaniment generally consists of electronic drum beats combined with samples (digitally isolated sound bites) from other musical recordings? (Bowman, 2003). From this perspective, rap is an extension of the Black Power movement of the 1960s, and has embodied the essence of the young black culture. The first rap recording was made in 1979 and the genre rose to prominence in the United States in the mid-1980s. Although the term rap is often used interchangeably with hip-hop, the latter term encompasses the subculture that rap music is simply one part of. The term hip-hop derives from one of the earliest phrases used in rap, and can be found on the seminal recording ?Rapper?s Delight? (1979) by Sugarhill Gang. In addition to rap music, the hip-hop subculture also comprises other forms of expression, including dance methodologies, art, vocabulary (in the form of slang) and fashion affectations. Despite these contributions to the popular culture, many observers suggest a connection between the music and personification of violence evinced in music videos and rap as a factor contributing to the incidence of violence by young people in the United State today."
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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, £ 11.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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African Music's Influence on Pop Music Culture, 2005.
An ethno-musicological study of African music's influence on western society's popular music culture.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper by examines various western artists, such as Paul Simon and David Byrne, and shows how African music plays an important part in how popular music is interwoven within the western musical tradition. The paper concludes that western music in North America has been greatly influenced by the music of South Africa and other traditional musical traditions from the African continent.
From the Paper
"This ethno musicological study will examine the various African music influences that have become imbued within western pop music culture. By examining various western artists, such as Paul Simon and David Byrne, one can realize how African music plays an important part in how pop music is interwoven within the western musical tradition. In essence, western music in North America has been greatly influenced by the music of South Africa and other traditional musical traditions from the African continent."
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Program Music v. Absolute Music, 2006.
This paper examines the Verdi aria "Ave Maria" from "Othello," highlighting the debate between program and absolute music.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the importance the aria holds for the opera and for music in general. The paper then outlines the debate depicting how music ought to be considered. Finally it considers whether the aria better fits one or the other of the arguments. The conclusion of the paper is that program music better explains the piece.
From the Paper
"In Verdi's "Ave Maria," from "Othello," Desdemona sings what is perhaps the opera's greatest addition to the storyline already laid out so brilliantly by Shakespeare. In a lilting, soaring soprano, Desdemona presents this liturgical prayer for the humble, the innocent and the oppressed in such a beautifully supplicant manner that the listener feels her purity and honesty pouring through her tender prayer. The story wins the listener over to the character, particularly as the music is juxtaposed to the hard declamations of the evil Iago. Though the character has a name that is purposefully indicative of demons, and the tragedy that befalls her later in the opera stems from the misunderstanding of her connection to evil, the listener knows from the moment that Desdemona has sung the "Ave Maria" that the character is pure of heart and gentle of spirit."
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Violence and Prevention, 2002.
An analysis of violence and drug abuse prevention in Afro-Americans by the social worker.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This study will seek to understand the different ways that violence and substance abuse can be stopped, or at least, minimized in the current events of social working. By using the Code of Ethics of National Association of Social Workers, we can see how this issue can be dealt with along these guidelines. By making new approaches to the Afro-American community in this regard, the strategies and approaches that are possible will be attended to here. By creating out reach programs in various neighborhoods to help teach the black community these devastating issues on drug abuse, and violence (gang and domestic), perhaps this and other methods of social construction can help build a new culture for Afro-Americans in America at this time
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Anglo-Rock and Heavy Metal Music, 2003.
Presents a complete dissertation, which compares the cross-cultural promotion of anglo-rock and heavy metal music in France and the USA.
16,060 words (approx. 64.2 pages), 112 sources, MLA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates why the promotion and sales of anglo-rock and heavy metal are less in France than in the USA. The music industry, the marketing of music and the research methodology are fully explained. The author reports that the research found that the differences were because of cultural factors. In France, lyrics are more important than the music. Therefore, because the French do not necessarily speak English, they are not especially interested in music whose lyrics are not understood. The author stresses the importance of knowing cultural preferences and behavior in international marketing because cross-cultural promotion cannot be standardized. Many color graphs and tables are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introductory Chapter
Background of the Research
Theme
Research Problems
Research Rationale
Research Motivation
Research Question
Aims and Objectives
Hypothesis
The Research Project
Definitions
Scope and Limitations
Outline of the Report
Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Industry and Music Marketing Theories
The Industry Environment
The Music Industry
The Entertainment Industry
Sales of Recorded Products
Record Companies
Evolution of the Environment
Independent Companies
Cyclical Theory
The Rock Industry
The Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Music Style
Definition
History
French Music Industry
French Rock History
French Music Market
Marketing Theories
Marketing Activity
Marketing Definition
Marketing Goal
Marketing Strategies
Marketing Mix
The Promotion Activity
Music Marketing
Music Marketing Definition
Music Marketing Departments
Music Marketing Goals
Music Product
Music Marketing Strategy
Music Promotion
Music Promotion Definition and Goals
Music Promotion Strategy
Music and Artist Promotion
Promotion Means
Traditional Promotion Means
Radio Promotion
Television Promotion
Live Performance Promotion
Press Promotion
Internet Promotion
Original and New Promotion Means
International Marketing
Culture Theories
Culture Definition
Culture Theory
Impact of National Cultures on Promotion
Music Cultures
French Music Regulations
The Method Chapter
Research Methodology
Methodology to Recolt Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Methodology to Recolt Qualitative Data
Limitations of the Methodology
The Results Chapter
Results from Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Results from Qualitative Data
The Conclusions Chapter
Appendices A-O
From the Paper
"Dolfsma (2000) explained that music industry has a structure that is a blending between local and global. Majors are global companies organised at the international level with subsidiaries in more than one country. The typical organisation chart of the majors' subsidiaries worlwide is composed of three main departments (marketing, international and nation). Rock music is usually marketed in each of these three departments that is why it is impossible to quantify and know the proportion of Rock music produced".
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Anglo-Rock and Heavy Metal Music, 2003.
Presents a complete dissertation, which compares the cross-cultural promotion of anglo-rock and heavy metal music in France and the USA.
16,060 words (approx. 64.2 pages), 112 sources, APA, £ 172.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper investigates why the promotion and sales of anglo-rock and heavy metal are less in France than in the USA. The music industry, the marketing of music and the research methodology are fully explained. The author reports that the research found that the differences were because of cultural factors. In France, lyrics are more important than the music. Therefore, because the French do not necessarily speak English, they are not specially interested in a music whose lyrics are not understood. The author stresses the importance of knowing cultural preferences and behavior in international marketing because cross-cultural promotion cannot be standardized. Includes many color graphs and tables.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introductory Chapter
Background of the Research
Theme
Research Problems
Research Rationale
Research Motivation
Research Question
Aims and Objectives
Hypothesis
The Research Project
Definitions
Scope and Limitations
Outline of the Report
Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Industry and Music Marketing Theories
The Industry Environment
The Music Industry
The Entertainment Industry
Sales of Recorded Products
Record Companies
Evolution of the Environment
Independent Companies
Cyclical Theory
The Rock Industry
The Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Music Style
Definition
History
French Music Industry
French Rock History
French Music Market
Marketing Theories
Marketing Activity
Marketing Definition
Marketing Goal
Marketing Strategies
Marketing Mix
The Promotion Activity
Music Marketing
Music Marketing Definition
Music Marketing Departments
Music Marketing Goals
Music Product
Music Marketing Strategy
Music Promotion
Music Promotion Definition and Goals
Music Promotion Strategy
Music and Artist Promotion
Promotion Means
Traditional Promotion Means
Radio Promotion
Television Promotion
Live Performance Promotion
Press Promotion
Internet Promotion
Original and New Promotion Means
International Marketing
Culture Theories
Culture Definition
Culture Theory
Impact of National Cultures on Promotion
Music Cultures
French Music Regulations
The Method Chapter
Research Methodology
Methodology to Recolt Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Methodology to Recolt Qualitative Data
Limitations of the Methodology
The Results Chapter
Results from Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Results from Qualitative Data
The Conclusions Chapter
Appendices A-O
From the Paper
"Dolfsma (2000) explained that music industry has a structure that is a blending between local and global. Majors are global companies organised at the international level with subsidiaries in more than one country. The typical organisation chart of the majors' subsidiaries worlwide is composed of three main departments (marketing, international and nation). Rock music is usually marketed in each of these three departments that is why it is impossible to quantify and know the proportion of Rock music produced".
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Digital Downloading and its Impact on the Music Industry, 2008.
A detailed description of the effects that digital music distribution has on the music industry.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the music recording industry and how it has been impacted by digital music distribution. The paper relates that the early success the music labels had against the initial music file downloading sites were short lived, and legitimate digital downloading sites have since prospered. The paper then argues that major recording labels are suffering from the decline in CD sales, not because of music pirating, but because they refuse to recognize that consumers demand digital music downloading for its convenience and portability. The paper further emphasizes that digital music distribution and retailing is the future of the music industry and every relevant party seems to recognize this, except the music industry itself.
Outline:
Overview
Restructuring of the music Industry
New distribution model & Itunes
Online distribution variations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The music industry, in spite of its ineptitude and obstinacy over the past decade regarding digital music downloading, is finally realizing that whether it embraces downloading services such as iTunes and others, it must evolve with the digital age or face irrelevance. In order to compensate for the loss of revenues, the recording music industry has been examining their base revenues in order to determine if digital downloads can compensate completely for the decline in sales of CDs. Two of the major record labels, Sony and BMG, have even merged in order to expand their catalogues (Recording, 2007). There have been efforts made to encourage EMI to merge with one of the remaining three major record labels but thus far these remaining major record labels have resisted further consolidation. However, EMI undertook its own internal restructuring by merging its two main record labels in the US market during the first half of 2007 and Warner Music was sold during 2004 creating even more churn in the industry (Recording, 2007). Yet, perhaps the most visible change is the industry is the downsizing or disappearance of retail music stores, which has begun to accelerate."
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