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African-Americans and Education, 2007.
This paper discusses the progress, struggles and aspirations of African-Americans in education.
1,466 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the history of education for African-Americans and explores problems relating to education legislation. The paper looks at present education issues and concerns for African-American students and examines statistics relating to their drop-out rates. The paper concludes that there has been progress, to a degree, in educational attainment of the aspirations of African-American students, although there are still barriers.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Education for African Americans
Noted Problems Relating to Education Legislation
Present Education Issues and Concerns for African-American Students
Statistics Relating to Drop-out Rates of African-Americans
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Allen and Jewell (2002) states that: "...the Black struggle for higher education is an apt metaphor for the larger Black struggles for citizenship, self-determination and personhood in this society." The historical account of the African American race in obtaining access to higher education in the United States is characterized by many ups and downs. The aspirations of the African American individual of attaining higher education have been historically unattained due to existing barriers to higher education of Black individuals."
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African American Education, 2005.
This paper examines current and past issues regarding African American education.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problems African Americans had in the past and continue to have in the present. The writer discusses the specific difficulties of African Americans then and looks at whether this continues to hold true for African Americans today. The writer examines the specific issues of minorities today. Further, the writer points out that when it comes to the education of African Americans and other minorities, the struggle has been long and difficult, ranging from the early years of slavery and segregation and continuing with the present issues of diversity, standardized tests, and educational funding.
From the Paper
""Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other 'tangible' factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal education opportunities? We believe it does". This question was asked before the Supreme Court in the Brown et al vs. Board of Education in the 1950s. While many people believe that Brown vs. Board of Education was the first school segregation case, this simply is not true."
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African-American Education, 2004.
This paper discusses the importance of education to the contemporary African-American community.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper states the progress the contemporary African-American community has experienced over the past fifty years is related to the importance of education. The author stresses that education continues to be extremely important to African-Americans because it promotes access to opportunities and removes barriers to success.
From the Paper
"The educational status and progress of African-Americans has significantly evolved since the start of the twentieth century. However, education continues to be extremely important to African Americans in terms of promoting access to opportunities and removing barriers to success. According to William H Gray, the president of the United Negro College Fund, it is vital that African Americans progress in higher education continues and increases in order to achieve representation that is at least equal to our representation in society. Legislation during the twentieth ..."
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African-American Education in Mississippi, 2005.
Describes the history of library and educational services to African-Americans in Mississippi.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 25 sources, APA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical denial of free education and library access to African-Americans. Jim Crow laws and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and their relevance to this lack of access is also discussed.
From the Paper
"The tradition of American public libraries and indeed of the American public education system is tied closely to the perception that individuals, regardless of their social backgrounds, may freely access information in those institutions in the interest of self-improvement, social awareness and entertainment. Public education and public libraries were born of a democratic impulse that resonates with the fundamental principles of the American democratic republic. However, while the right to education and library services has long been established, this right has..."
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African-Americans in Special Education, 2005.
Factors determining the increasing number of African-American children in special education programs.
4,528 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look behind what is going on with special education and looks at the factors that are causing the strong over-representation of African-American youths in many of the special education classes across this country today.
From the Paper
"The large amount of minority children, specifically African-American children, who have ended up in special education programs for students who have learning disabilities, behavioral disabilities, emotional disabilities, or mental disabilities, has remained a very strong reality even though it has been recognized for more than 20 years (Townsend, Thomas, Witty, & Lee, 1996). After looking at many of these patterns and how often they recur, it is important to look at the assumptions, beliefs, worldviews, and epistemologies that are often used by many who work in special education in order to determine what is causing the disproportionate amount of these individuals in special education programs throughout the country (Townsend, Thomas, Witty, & Lee, 1996)."
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Affirmative Action in African- American Education, 2002.
This paper looks at the intentions of the 14th Amendment in relation to a federally funded all-male African-American academy that works as a type of affirmative action to help combat discrimination.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the establishment of an all-male African-American academy in California created in order to combat racial discrimination and inequality. The author discusses how the academy may violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by deciding admissions solely on the base of race, and examines why this case is a battle between the legality of the school's policies, and the pressures of social needs, and therefore seen as justifiable by many.
From the Paper
"Proponents of an all-male African-American academy argue that such an act to create a federally funded school can be legally justified by looking back to the original intent that the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act carried in providing equality to disadvantaged minority groups. However, the laws were drafted in universal terms, warranting an application for equality to all persons, including majority groups. Such an academy does indeed violate the law, but the purpose can be socially justified. A separate school for blacks would not hinder the growth of black children, but instead would provide them with knowledge, confidence, and faith in the black race. This is certainly necessary to equalize the structural inequalities that exist in higher education. "
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Higher Education and African Americans, 2008.
This paper explores the predictors for the failure of African Americans to access and succeed in higher education.
3,626 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to determine the predictors that reveal attrition rates among African-American college students or aspiring college students. The paper provides a literature review and devises a variance analysis of different groups to argue that attitudes which value or devalue a post-secondary education are tied to racial affiliation. The paper therefore shows how, ultimately, these predictors are chief explanatory factors for why students fail to apply to school or drop out long before they have achieved final success.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The research/empirical literature
Methodology
Methodological limitations
From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that African Americans fail to access (and to achieve success in) higher education because of underlying factors that can easily serve as reliable predictors of troubles to come. For instance, racial quotas or affirmative action policies in America have distracted attention away from school failures and from ecological problems (de-emphasis upon higher education, de-emphasis upon scholastic achievement) that keep African-Americans out of school or from finding the levels of achievement they deserve. Additionally, students will fail to attend university if they sense that the reward simply is not there in the end or if they feel that they will be the victims of racial stereotyping (in short, it may be extrapolated from the literature that academic persistence is directly impacted by what people believe they will experience when attending an institution). Lastly, one other key predictor is the extent to which parents value higher education and the educational attainment they themselves possess."
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Educational Resilience of African-American Students, 2004.
This paper discusses educational resilience of African-American students, the process that helps children to overcome challenging beginnings and move on to live successful lives.
3,665 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for many African-American students, risk factors, including poverty, family breakdown, substance abuse, illness, and stress are associated with adverse educational and life outcomes; however, researchers have discovered that between one-third and two-thirds of children exposed to risk overcome or resist these challenges and go on to achieve successful, well-adjusted lives. The author points out that an important characteristic of educationally resilient African American students is access to a progressive curriculum. The paper explains that a resilience-promoting curriculum requires children to solve problems, make judgments, form opinions, think critically, locate resources, and manage time. Charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Characteristics of Educational Resilience
Early Characteristics of Resilience
Characteristics of Inner-City Classrooms and Schools That Promote Educational Resilience
Risk and Resilience
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another major characteristic of educational resilience in African American students is the school. ?Influences such as teacher actions and expectations, effective instructional methods and curriculum, schoolwide policies, and school climate play key roles in raising student learning, motivation, and attitudes toward school. These influences are briefly discussed below.? A student who is taught by a teacher who is concerned, sets high expectations and serves a positive role model has a greater chance of succeeding in school, particularly for students with difficult life circumstances. Close relationships between teachers and students helps to alleviate stress and provide positive support, which promotes educational resilience. Teachers promote educational resilience by encouraging students to master new skills, believe in themselves, and take responsibility for their own education. As demonstrated in the table above, the relationship between teacher and student is extremely important."
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African American Males in Early Childhood Education, 2002.
This paper examines the lack of African American males in the teaching profession.
2,681 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The lack of representation by African American males in the school system is alarming because young African American students, especially male students, do not have a role model with whom they can identify. The paper considers the factors that have been cited for the shortage of African American male teachers in the school system. The writer then studies questionnaires that were given to elicit the responses of African American male teachers in childhood education.
From the Paper
"Several factors have been cited for the shortage of African American male teachers in the school system. First, qualified African American men who have graduated from college turn away from the teaching profession because of the low salary. First-year public school teachers receive a salary of only $23,000 to $25,000 a year. Second, African American men believe that they face racial discrimination in schools. Third, African American males consider teaching to be a female-oriented profession because most schoolteachers are female. Fourth, African American males come from poor families that cannot afford the costs of attending college. Fifth, more African American males are spending their lives in prison than in college where they acquire necessary qualifications (Raines & Evans, p. 2)."
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Higher Education And African Americans, 2002.
Discussion of positive and negative experiences.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 16 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Discussion of positive and negative experiences. Cites research that contends that the quality and quantity of education Blacks receive make a difference in I.Q. outcomes. Gives examples from various universities (Harvard, University of Virginia). Increase in black students at four-year colleges. Role of Black colleges. Lawsuits brought by Whites regarding affirmative action and admission policies.
From the Paper
"The experience of African Americans in higher education is varied, with some reporting very positive experiences and others negative ones. A study by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that Blacks who graduate from college increase their IQ scores more than four times as much as Whites while in college (Blacks make higher IQ gains, 1997), and actually narrow the gap between scores for the two groups. This is significant, since the researchers report that in high school, this gap usually gets wider. The study was initiated in response to a controversial 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that contended that Blacks are genetically less intelligent than Whites, and that the difference could not be reduced by education. The researchers attributed the changes in Black IQ scores to the relatively poor quality of pre-college education many..."
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The Marginalization of Native Americans and African-Americans, 2004.
Examines how post-colonial American history impacted the emancipation of African-Americans and Native Americans, or Indians.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
Before American society become liberated and independent from British rule, two important events became the catalyst for social and political changes that occurred within the American nation: the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the American Civil War (1860). These significant events in American history contributed to the liberation of America as a nation and the independence of marginalized sectors in America, the native American-Indians and African-Americans. This paper discusses the impact of the American Revolution and American Civil War in encouraging/discouraging the emancipation of the American Indians and African-Americans from prejudice and discrimination in the American society. In addition, this paper also focuses on the implications of the emancipation or non-emancipation of these sectors to the future of American society and nation.
From the Paper
"However, over time, a strong public sentiment began forming as atrocities against the black slaves were exposed to the American nation. Because of strong public sentiment against black American slavery and continuing conflict between the South and North, the American Civil War erupted, and the anti-slavery vs. pro-slavery conflict ended with the issuance of the Emancipation Declaration of 1863 by then US President Abraham Lincoln. Thus, African-Americans, unlike the native American-Indians, were able to achieve their freedom from American rule and colonization, bringing down social prejudice and discrimination of the African-American sector in the American society and nation."
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African-Americans and American Prisons, 2007.
This paper examines the relatively high number of African-Americans incarcerated in American prisons.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the drive to control American populations through incarceration and notes that this has disproportionately affected the nation's African-American population. The paper shows how nearly half of all inmates in America's prisons are African-American, despite the fact that they make up only twelve percent of the overall population. The paper examines the social and political reasons for this disparity and reveals that a form of racial prejudice would appear to be underlying these statistics. The paper discusses how the mass incarceration of America's African-American population is destroying their community, and the African-American people in general.
From the Paper
"In a time of great economic and social change, one American industry is booming: the prison-industrial complex. These prisons represent an ever-expanding apparatus of social control (Ward, 2004), one that, according to Julia Sudbury, is focused specifically on regulating, and further marginalizing the underprivileged masses in today's neo-liberal regimes (Ward, 2004). Recent decades' "get tough on crime" policies, such as mandatory minimum sentences, "three strikes" laws, and so forth, have witnessed historically unparalleled rates of incarceration in the United States."
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African Americans and Native Africans, 2002.
A comparison of the different sub-cultures of the African American minority group in the United States.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and culture of the recent immigrants to the United States from Africa and the Caribbean. It details how these immigrants are labeled as "African Americans" and lumped into the same sub-culture as the veteran African American population of the United States since the slave-trade. These two population groups are compared for their manners, cultures and social norms. A history of African immigration to America is provided.
From the Paper
"The African Americans, or Black Americans as they are called, are the largest minority group in the United States, after the Hispanic Americans. This is a racial group whose ancestry is believed to be from the sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are some African Americans who claim to have their roots from the European immigrants, Native American or the Asians. In general the African American populations is usually referred to as Negroes, blacks and Afro-Americans. "
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Mexican-American and African-American Assimilation, 2004.
A comparative analysis of Mexican-American and African-American assimilation in the United States today.
4,544 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the processes and sub-processes of assimilation. It looks at how sociologist, Milton M. Gordon, viewed assimilation as a collection of sub-processes emphasizing three main processes: cultural;
structural; and marital assimilation. It focuses on cultural, structural, and marital assimilation between African-Americans and Mexican-Americans in Texas and New York, as represented by 1990 and 2000 figures from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Outline
Introduction
Cultural Assimilation
Marital Assimilation
Secondary Structural Assimilation
Primary Structural Assimilation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Oppression has been a part of the patchwork of American history since the nation?s inception, leading to a fairly paradoxical culture in which equality and justice are theoretically cherished at the same time they are questionably practiced, and also in which a legacy of xenophilia, or the welcoming of immigrant contributions to the larger culture, has been mixed with a seemingly contradictory legacy of xenophobia and oppression of minority and immigrant groups. As the result of this historical legacy of oppression, members of a minority group such as African-American and Mexican-American cultures may, over the course of time, internalize the low self-image of themselves that has been traditionally projected by the dominant group as a justification for its oppressive policies."
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