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African American Adolescent Males And College, 2006.
A look at Maslow's hierarchy of needs, linking African-American adolescent males and college attendance.
12,600 words (approx. 50.4 pages), 46 sources, MLA, £ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the African-American adolescent male in relation to education and more specifically, college attendance.
This paper reviews historically, the trend of the African-American adolescent male in terms of education, as well as the factors that influenced these trends. This paper also relates these trends to Abraham Maslow theory of personality known as Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Summary of Methodology
Organization of the Study
Literature Review
Methodology
Research Findings
Conclusions
Appendices
Table 2
Table 3
Vital Statistics
From the Paper
"There are many different opinions and approaches when it comes to the issue of how to best motivate African-American adolescent males to attend college. However, many efforts focus primarily on retention strategies rather than recruitment strategies.
The dismal college graduation rate of African-American students is a national crisis. When it comes to statistics of graduation rates for African-American males, these numbers are lower than any other demographic group, with the exception of Hispanics.
This study has significance for practice in improving the percentages of African American males who attend college, as well as for future research in college education.
The data collected from this study might be useful to African American high school students, parents of African Americans in high school, teachers, admissions representative, social workers, and educational leaders."
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African-American Colleges, 2007.
A comparison of the differences in academic achievement between African-Americans and White Americans at college.
2,809 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses academic achievement and gender issues at historically African-American colleges. Specifically, the paper addresses the issue of the educational gap between African-Americans and White Americans and due to this, the differences in job opportunities between the groups. The paper concludes by suggesting reasons for the lower academic achievement at African-American colleges and suggests ways to counteract the problem.
From the Paper
"In recent decades, despite the Civil Rights Movement and integration, the prospects of many African-American men have noticeably worsened. As a group, African-American males have been described with "terms such as crisis, at-risk, marginal, and endangered." The frequency with which members of this group drop out of school, land in low-paying, dead end jobs, end up on drugs, or in prison, has alarmed all the experts - educators, social workers, physicians, criminologists, and politicians. On average, African-American males earn seventy-three percent of what White males make. They are considered less desirable as employees. Those with college degrees typically earn less than Whites with only a high school diploma. The life expectancy of Black men has actually declined - the only group in America to have done so. African-American males from the age of fifteen to the age of twenty-four are eight times more likely to be murdered than White men of the same age! Black males are more likely to die infancy, and to suffer serious health problems like high blood pressure, AIDS, and diabetes in later life."
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Anorexia in Adolescent Males, 2007.
This paper looks at the relationship between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive behaviors in adolescent males.
703 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that anorexia nervosa is not a new disorder in terms of dysfunctional adolescent development. The writer points out, however, that the disorder has long been thought of as being a female crisis rather than having much influence on adolescent male development. The writer explains that as defined by the American Psychiatric Association, anorexia nervosa is best described as an excessive preoccupation with weight and body image. Although little research is available with respect to the male anorexic, the writer maintains that overall the disorder is likely a result of bio-psycho-social factors and encouraged by society wherein appearance is a worthy individual trait.
Outline:
Introduction and Literature Review
Research Purpose, Question and Hypothesis
References
From the Paper
"As defined by the American Psychiatric Association anorexia nervosa is best described as an excessive preoccupation with weight and body image. Some of the more frequent symptoms exhibited by the male population include social isolationism, perfectionism, rigid cognitive style, and obsessive-compulsiveness in terms of an expressed fear of gaining weight over muscle growth. Although the general lack of a slimness value on male adolescents puts them at a somewhat lower risk the phenomenon is increasing in frequency wherein the muscular body type is seen as an advantage to gaining a competitive edge, albeit in sports, social relations, or an ideal male image."
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Male College Enrollment, 2007.
An analysis of the trend towards fewer male enrolments in colleges in America.
1,508 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the declining percentages of male enrollment in colleges in the United States. The statistics are particularly prevalent among African-Americans and Hispanics. The paper discusses how the enrollment trends have changed over the past century. It also suggests possible reasons for the lower number of males earning degrees.
From the Paper
"Many believe that when boys do not fit into a school environment, they are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and given Ritalin or other drugs (Cook). Astonishingly, some nine million prescriptions of Ritalin are written for American children each year, the majority of them for boys between the ages of six and 12 years (Cook). According to Stanford University's Thomas Sowell, author of Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas, the drugging of boys is "part of a growing tendency to treat boyhood as a pathological condition that requires a new three R's repression, re education and Ritalin" (Cook). Sowell notes, "The motto used to be: 'Boys will be boys.' Today, the motto seems to be: 'Boys will be medicated'" (Cook)."
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The African American Heritage, 2006.
This paper presents a book review of "African Americans in the Early Republic" by Donald Wright.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the lead author behind the work, Donald Wright. The paper explains that he began his interest in exploring the African American heritage as a youth. Wright contended that he spent much of his childhood fascinated by anything related to Africa and as a college student wanted to pursue these interests. Wright has remarked that he felt there was a need in the United States for people to realize the importance of Africa and African American people, because of the impact that these individuals have on the nation. Language, culture, tradition and the African American inclusion in the country has changed every aspect of society since the country began. Wright has worked as a researcher, instructor and first hand observer that has frequented the country of Africa and learned from the people he writes about.
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The African-American Landscape, 2006.
This paper describes the landscape of African-American life since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that African-Americans have gained many achievements over the last thirty years; however, as a whole, they lag behind the white community in education, continue to struggle economically and continue to be stereotyped by the mainstream society. The author points out that, although there has been a striking growth in opportunities for black athletes and entertainers, they are marked by stereotyping and limitations. The paper relates that, although the number of blacks who are affluent, college educated, business-owners, corporate executives or elected officials has grown considerably, there are many other African-Americans who are stuck in areas of concentrated poverty, joblessness and without the means to form and maintain stable families and provide for their children.
From the Paper
"Although blacks have fared better on television and in films than before the Civil Rights Movement, there are still few parts that are written specifically for African Americans, and most leading roles are usually confined to escapist "situation comedies" that many critics claim simply affirm their right to be caricatured as sharply as whites. Performer Ben Vereen complained that casting directors were too eager to cast him in the role of janitor. One Hollywood agent claimed that most directors tend to cast African American actors in roles of "druggies, athletes or men struggling out of the ghetto...""
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Higher Education and African Americans, 2008.
This paper explores the predictors for the failure of African Americans to access and succeed in higher education.
3,626 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to determine the predictors that reveal attrition rates among African-American college students or aspiring college students. The paper provides a literature review and devises a variance analysis of different groups to argue that attitudes which value or devalue a post-secondary education are tied to racial affiliation. The paper therefore shows how, ultimately, these predictors are chief explanatory factors for why students fail to apply to school or drop out long before they have achieved final success.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The research/empirical literature
Methodology
Methodological limitations
From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that African Americans fail to access (and to achieve success in) higher education because of underlying factors that can easily serve as reliable predictors of troubles to come. For instance, racial quotas or affirmative action policies in America have distracted attention away from school failures and from ecological problems (de-emphasis upon higher education, de-emphasis upon scholastic achievement) that keep African-Americans out of school or from finding the levels of achievement they deserve. Additionally, students will fail to attend university if they sense that the reward simply is not there in the end or if they feel that they will be the victims of racial stereotyping (in short, it may be extrapolated from the literature that academic persistence is directly impacted by what people believe they will experience when attending an institution). Lastly, one other key predictor is the extent to which parents value higher education and the educational attainment they themselves possess."
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Higher Education And African Americans, 2002.
Discussion of positive and negative experiences.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 16 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Discussion of positive and negative experiences. Cites research that contends that the quality and quantity of education Blacks receive make a difference in I.Q. outcomes. Gives examples from various universities (Harvard, University of Virginia). Increase in black students at four-year colleges. Role of Black colleges. Lawsuits brought by Whites regarding affirmative action and admission policies.
From the Paper
"The experience of African Americans in higher education is varied, with some reporting very positive experiences and others negative ones. A study by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that Blacks who graduate from college increase their IQ scores more than four times as much as Whites while in college (Blacks make higher IQ gains, 1997), and actually narrow the gap between scores for the two groups. This is significant, since the researchers report that in high school, this gap usually gets wider. The study was initiated in response to a controversial 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that contended that Blacks are genetically less intelligent than Whites, and that the difference could not be reduced by education. The researchers attributed the changes in Black IQ scores to the relatively poor quality of pre-college education many..."
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College Males Tend to Objectify Women, 2008.
An examination of the effect of pornography on the way that male college students begin to objectify females.
1,781 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the environment that American males find themselves in at college, where they are surrounded with sexually-explicit stimuli, have an effect on the general attitude of college males toward females. It particularly analyzes the literature regarding the effect of the exposure to pornography on the way that young males begin to objectify females.
Table of Contents:
Cultural and Sociological Bases
Biological Bases
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research has shown that during the college years, both men and women can buy into the rape myth acceptance (Allen et al., 1995) and that on the college campus, desensitization can occur for both genders due to repeated exposure (Goleman, 1985). Thus, individuals who are frequently exposed to frequent cultural and sociological pressures and sexually violent material are likely to learn and abide by such negative behaviors and also to accept the violent treatment women receive as justified. Furthermore, individuals who view sexually violent media might be more willing to accept rape myths (Emmers-Sommer 11). All of these elements are present on the college campus and must be found to have some effect on the attitude of men's objectification of women while there."
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Role of Male Therapist with Adolescent Boys, 2008.
This paper researches whether using males as interveners in at-risk intervention strategies for adolescent males is more beneficial that using females and suggests a two-tiered, gender-based intervention strategy.
22,958 words (approx. 91.8 pages), 30 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the finding that adolescent males are increasingly at-risk and that the consequences of leaving these boys without treatment range from academic problems all the way to suicide and mass-murder. Furthermore, much of these problems appear to be linked to the absence of father figures and other male role models in the lives of these boys. Therefore, this paper investigates whether using males as the interveners in at-risk intervention strategies is more beneficial than using females. The paper looks at gender differences in therapy, from the standpoint of the patient and the provider. The paper also investigates the differences between treating adults and treating children, and how a therapist can best approach an adolescent patient. In addition, the paper looks at existing intervention strategies, to determine whether gender has an impact on the success of those strategies. After reviewing the literature, the author suggests that a two-tiered, gender-based intervention strategy offers the best plan for success in at-risk interventions.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of Study
Problem Statement
Purpose Statement
Significance of Review
Research Design, Strategy, and Procedure
Literature Review
Findings and Discussion
Results
Analysis
Interpretation
Clinical Implications and Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"Initially, the author believed that the literature would be sufficient to provide a quantitative analysis of success rates, based on the gender of the therapist. However, the problem with defining therapeutic success has already been explained. In addition, there is another issue that prevents such a quantitative analysis; there is such a wide-variety of interventions, that it is almost impossible to quantitatively compare them. Furthermore, some of the available literature looks at different intervention methods, and fails to address the gender of the service providers involved. Therefore, this study takes a qualitative approach to gender differences and intervention success. The study looks at what works, when it works, who it works with, why it works, and how it could work better.
"In order to understand the relationship between gender and therapeutic success, this study looks at several related issues. First, the study investigates males and their role as clients in therapy. The role of the client in therapy is largely ignored in a research context, but may be the single most important variable when attempting to predict the success or failure of a therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this study looks at the male client and his approach to therapy."
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African-American Males, 2005.
A research study concerning the high dropout rates for African-American males in secondary education.
25,320 words (approx. 101.3 pages), 50 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This is an in-depth research paper on the cause and possible cures for the pressing problem of high dropout rates in secondary educational institutions for African-American males. The paper points out that the problem is not only one of economic disruption, but one of human misery as well. In order to help further the reader's understanding of the effect of secondary education on the dropout rate of African-American males, the paper begins with a look at the history of educational equality and then goes on to look at the effect that the high dropout rate of African- American males has on society in general. The paper also explores the reasons that these young men drop out and possible measures that can be taken to help prevent them from dropping out. Hypotheses regarding what can be done to increase graduation rates among African-American males are presented and conclusions are drawn regarding these hypotheses, based on the literature reviewed.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
History of Educational Equality
Reaping the Whirlwind of African American Male Educational Failure
Going Beyond What to Why
Reasons for Dropping Out
Hypotheses
Literature Review
Prevention Measures
Other Sources of Information
Methodology
Findings
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is impossible to ignore the high dropout rates for African-American males. Whether it is an effect of other societal shortcomings or a cause of some is also at issue; probably, it is both a cause and a result. The phenomenon appears to be allied with vestigial racial attitudes that 140 years without slavery and forty years of increasingly far-reaching equality legislation has been able to do little to ameliorate. Much work has been done regarding the specific causes of the problem; as yet, relatively little work has been done in testing the efficacy of various potential prevention tactics. However, new approaches making educational institutions the lead actor in a raft of 'holistic' interventions may be the prime area for future concentration of both study and effort by educational institutions."
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African-American Males, 2007.
An analysis of the incidence of affective disorders, incarceration and substance abuse among African-American males.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and involvement in the criminal justice system among African-American males. The paper discusses the incidence of incarceration, substance abuse and affective disorders individually and then it discusses patterns between the three issues.
Table of Contents:
High Incarceration Rates Among African Males
High Incidence Untreated Affective Disorders Depression/Anxiety
Mandated Sentences Equal Tougher Sentences on AM Males
Perception of Traumatic Events in Urban African Males
Part II - Drug Abuse and Crime Activity
From the Paper
"Most of these studies suggest that left untreated, affective disorders including those among African Americans worsen with time, and that higher rates of recidivism often result particularly when offenders are released and still must face various psychological stressors and disorders including depression or anxiety (Spencer, 1999). Given this information it seems logical that rehabilitation measures be adopted that help address psychological instability among prison populations. As yet however, there are no uniform regulations or laws that dictate or mandate rehabilitation for African Americans or other populations at risk for higher rates of affective disorders in prison. This suggests that these disorders will likely continue in the future."
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African American Males in Early Childhood Education, 2002.
This paper examines the lack of African American males in the teaching profession.
2,681 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The lack of representation by African American males in the school system is alarming because young African American students, especially male students, do not have a role model with whom they can identify. The paper considers the factors that have been cited for the shortage of African American male teachers in the school system. The writer then studies questionnaires that were given to elicit the responses of African American male teachers in childhood education.
From the Paper
"Several factors have been cited for the shortage of African American male teachers in the school system. First, qualified African American men who have graduated from college turn away from the teaching profession because of the low salary. First-year public school teachers receive a salary of only $23,000 to $25,000 a year. Second, African American men believe that they face racial discrimination in schools. Third, African American males consider teaching to be a female-oriented profession because most schoolteachers are female. Fourth, African American males come from poor families that cannot afford the costs of attending college. Fifth, more African American males are spending their lives in prison than in college where they acquire necessary qualifications (Raines & Evans, p. 2)."
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Math Achievement in African-American Males, 2007.
An analysis of the differences in mathematical achievement between African American males and White males.
5,741 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 44 sources, MLA, £ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on mathematical achievement in African-American boys versus their white counterparts. It addresses risk factors such as family income, mother's education, single-parent households and a non-English primary language. The paper discusses the works of theorists Lev Vygotsky, Jerome Bruner and John Dewey regarding this issue.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Limitations
Literature Review
Summary of The Literature Reviewed
From the Paper
"The African American male was not expected to achieve in educational areas of management and accounting studies evidenced in the statement related in the work of Dantley and Leonard (2006) who states that a participant related that: "I only indulged myself in my studies to the degree that I was satisfied that I could do math up to multiplication and division of fractions and decimals and it was good enough for me for what was I going to do. I wasn't going to be doing any math. To be a laborer, all it's going to require is to run a piece of machinery." (p. 42) additionally a participant stated: "We don't have no industry out there and the industry that is out there, they're not targeting the Black community and saying, "If you go and get more math, then I can guarantee you this." (p. 45) and finally: "I have hopes. My expectation is that (my son) will graduate from high school. If he doesn't, it's no big deal...My expectation for him is to probably be no worse than I was. Just to pass." (p.46) (Dantley and Leonard, 2006)"
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