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Afghanistan Economy, 2004.
An analysis of the economy of Afghanistan and its prospects for growth.
3,367 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a statistical background of Afghanistan's economy and describes Afghanistan's prospects for economic growth in the past decade and today. The paper explains that realistic expectations for future economic growth in Afghanistan are based upon both the influx of foreign aid and the ability of the country to meet prerequisites for economic growth, which include political stability, infrastructure, health and education, good governance, and effective monetary policy.
From the Paper
"There a number of important prerequisites for economic growth in any developing country (Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe). These include the creation of a modern infrastructure, political stability, tax incentives that attract foreign businesses, and adequate workforce education and training. In a report entitled Improving the Prospects of Developing Countries, the Committee on Economic Affairs and Development of the Parliamentary Assembly Council of Europe "emphasizes the need to ensure better governance in the developing countries themselves, accompanied by more democracy and rule of law, a greater respect for human rights, as well as regional and internal peace and stability.""
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The Affect of the Afghanistan Economy on Women, 2002.
This paper examines the effect of the state of the economy of Afghanistan on the women in society.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the role of women in the Afghan Society, focusing on the economic ravage which is affecting the women and children the worst. The writer discusses how women make the bottom of the social ladder in a patriarchal society and amid the chaos of the economy the result is that the women are the worst affected. This paper examines how many women in Afghanistan are illiterate and uneducated about the society, resulting in a situation in which they do not know what work can be found and are left struggling in a hostile world. The main focus of this paper is that despite the aid and the pledges from developed nations on women rights the Afghan economy is adversely affecting the women.
From the Paper
?Within the paradigm of this debate has arisen the question of the role of women in the Afghani Society. We have seen the pictures of women wrapped in veils of cloth and not even an eye visible in the roles of clothes. We have heard how women were brutally killed for merely showing a finger in public and we know that women played no role in the political or social fabric of the society. They were the silent majority. That has changed after the War on Terror initiated by America. We know it has changed because the media has shown us Afghani women without their 'veil'. We have heard that women have been reestablished in the work place as the Talibans have run for cover. We have heard that women have been emancipated and given the freedom they deserve as humans. Yet, what we do not know is what effect this emancipation has had on women. What sort of economic conditions the women are living under and how they are coping as a result thereof. (Skaine, 2002: 25)?
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How Afghanistan?s Economy is affecting its Women, 2002.
An analysis of the rights of women in Afghanistan and how they are related to the country's economy.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
A description on how women in Afghanistan were stripped of all their rights under the Taliban regime and in the name of Islam. This paper discusses how experts maintain that religion is never a problem, rather it is the economy of a country that leads to poor human rights situation. It gives an historical background to Afghanistan specifically how it has been torn apart with more than 23 years of warfare and its poor economic situation. Furthermore it explains how this is negatively affecting the social setup and especially the lives of the female population.
From the Paper
"To say Afghanistan is a poor country would be an understatement. Afghanistan is simply one of the poorest countries in the world with its GDP growth rate being negligible and more than 53 percent of it coming from agriculture which is still in primitive stage. It is important to mention here that Afghanistan?s dependence on agriculture is leading to extreme poverty because no sophisticated methods are being used to increase productivity and the government is not doing much to exploit land, which contains abundant mineral resources. (CIA Fact book, 2000)"
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The Afghan Economy, 2007.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the turmoil associated with the Afghan economy.
1,918 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the current status of the Afghan economy and presents opposing views on this issue. It suggests that years of war, as well as the recent involvement of America in Afghanistan, combined with religious, political and social issues have impacted the economy of the country. The paper concludes that while there has been growth in the Afghan economy, there are many problems that threaten to stifle the further growth of the economy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Opposing Opinions On This Issue
The Afghan Economy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In fact in 2003 research revealed an increased dependency on poppy as a way for Afghans to survive. In addition the growing of Poppies has had the impact of increasing the amount of land rent, borrowing and marriage costs (Goodhand 2004). As a result desperate measures are taken to repay debts including absconding, and the premature marriage of daughters (Goodhand 2004). The article also explains that creditors are becoming more authoritarian in their approach, by kidnapping daughters and compulsory land purchases, to guarantee repayment (Goodhand 2004). The inability to repay debts has resulted in a great deal of conflict (Goodhand 2004). The author explains that an average accumulated debt per household of $1,835 was found through the research (Goodhand 2004). Many of the Farmers have two to six years to repay their debt. This means that many farmers are trapped in the opium economy for many years into the future (Goodhand 2004)."
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Post September 11th Economy, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of the September 11th terrorist attack on the U.S. economy.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how the terror attacks on September 11th affected the U.S. economy and the response of its fiscal policy. The author examines several contributing factors: (1) U.S. monetary policy; (2) fiscal policy; (3) supply side theory/policy; (4) inflation; (5) unemployment and (6) business cycles. In each of these areas, the paper demonstrates how monetary and fiscal policy worked together to provide ample and rapid stimulus during the economic downturn. The paper also contends that the impact of 9/11 on overall aggregate demand was mitigated somewhat by the increase in government spending aimed at bolstering homeland security and fighting the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Introduction
Monetary Policy
Fiscal Policy
Supply Side Theory/Policy
Inflation
Unemployment
Business Cycle
From the Paper
"After 9/11, the Fed injected liquidity into the Federal Reserve System as a stabilizing measure. As evidence, one need only look at the statistics released by the Fed at or around 9/11. Every Thursday, The Fed releases a spread sheet to the public that describes factors affecting balance reserves. On September 5, 2001, the face amount of marketable U.S. government and federal agency securities held in custody by the Federal Reserve Banks for foreign official and international accounts was $719,895 million, a change of $ +3,191 million for the week. On September 12, 2001, the face amount of marketable U.S. government and federal agency securities held in custody by the Federal Reserve Banks for foreign official and international accounts was $ 721,991 million, a change of $ +2,096 million for the week. On September 19, 2001, the face amount of marketable U.S. government and federal agency securities held in custody by the Federal Reserve Banks for foreign official and international accounts was $727,796 million, a change of $ +5,913 million for the week. As demonstrated, the Fed injected an additional $7,901 million in securities into the system to cope with the looming threat of recession caused by 9/11."
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The USSR and US in Afghanistan, 2008.
This paper presents a policy analysis of the Soviet Union and the US in Afghanistan.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the geopolitical significance of Afghanistan to the Americans and Soviets before and during the Cold War. The paper analyzes Russian and Soviet policy in Afghanistan and relates that policy decisions in the United States relating to Afghanistan have been historically affected by the Soviet presence in the country. Finally, the paper explores the nature and limits of the United States' role in the Afghan war and the present US involvement in Afghanistan.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Geopolitical Significance of Afghanistan
Soviet Policy in Afghanistan
Nature and Limits of the Role of the US in Afghanistan
Present US Involvement in Afghanistan
From the Paper
"Afghanistan is a region characterized by mountains and desert terrain that are practically impassable and is a country that has been dominated by the culture of Islam since 882 A.D. The Soviet war that occurred in Afghanistan lasted approximately nine years and was a conflict that centered upon the Soviet military support of the Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), the government of Afghanistan and the Mujahideen insurgents that were trying to overthrow the government in Afghanistan. The work of Singleton (1981) relates "Soviet-Afghan contacts began when Amir Amanullah Khan expelled British control during the Third Afghan War.""
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The History of the Soviet Union and Afghanistan, 2004.
An examination of the complicated history between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan and the eventual invasion of Afghanistan.
4,478 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the invasion of Afghanistan became the end of a long history of the Soviets doing everything in their power to secure their interests in Afghanistan. It explains that the installment of Karmal and the deaths of thousands of rebels resulted from the notion that they were invited in to protect the government of Amin. The loss of the war sent the nation into a frenzy, desperately trying to point fingers at who was to blame for what was the culmination of years of selfishness. The loss was so shocking because the USSR had managed to get what it wanted for almost a century and had finally realized that the self-determination of a country is stronger than the political favors it tried to curry from it. It examines how ,throughout their entire time together, the Soviet Union used Afghanistan to install leaders that would suit its needs and getting rid of ones that would not. When things got bad, they violated the laws of the highest political power in the world just so that they could make sure their interests were secured. In this specific example, it is easy to see the selfishness of a world superpower and the way that strong nations use weak, underdeveloped countries as if their existence on this earth is merely for the gain of others.
From the Paper
"?[Our] government will strictly follow the policy of non-alignment and strive for good relationships with neighboring Pakistan and Iran.1? This statement by Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin has two key elements to it: first, it points out that the goal of Amin?s short reign was to dramatically lessen the influence that the Soviet Union had had on his country for more than forty years; and secondly, to give special emphasis to the growing friendship between Afghanistan and their new alliances, Pakistan and Iran, which were, at the time, both controlled largely by Islamic (non-Communist) groups and friendly with the United States. Amin, while trying to lessen his public animosity for the Soviet Union, clearly had no love for his Russian neighbors and wanted to end any and all influence the Soviet Union had on his country. So, when the Soviet Union launched their invasion of Afghanistan on December 27, 1979, it came as some surprise that the Soviet Union claimed to be acting on a request of Amin?s, especially after his execution by Soviet hands. The fact is the Soviet Union was doing just what it had been doing for years; acting out of its own interests. A look at the Soviet Union?s long history of intervention and influence will show the selfish behavior and superior ideology of the Soviet Union that led to a devastating invasion. The entirety of their relationship was based merely on Soviet desires to control the country, reap it of its goods and to stamp out any and all influence or their cold war enemy, the United States."
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American Involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2007.
A discussion of America's current role in Iraq and Afghanistan.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a general account of America's involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, focusing on the goals and dangers of a US presence in these nations. The author gives a background to the ethnic and religious conflict in Iraq, then describes the current conditions and government structure in Afghanistan. The author emphasizes that Afghanistan's extreme Islamic rule makes it difficult for the US to expect to normalize relations with this troubled nation. It is further stated that Democracy and human rights in Afghanistan, according to the Western concept and understanding, might not be feasible or possible in the short term. The author concludes that the primary purpose of an American presence in Afghanistan is the destruction of al Qaeda.
From the Paper
"Anti-American violence has been increasing (Yaphe 2004). The imminent civil war is not likely to be between the Sunnis and the Shi'a, or between the Arabs and the Kurds. The clashes in many parts of the country were clearly a series of planned and coordinated attacks on US forces and civilians working on the reconstruction plan. The civil war is seen as likelier between religious extremists Sunni and Shi'a. Iraq is made up of 60% Shi'a Arab, 20% Sunni Arab and 20% Kurd. Sunni and Shi'a Arabs stand for Iraqi nationalism and want to maintain the country's political and territorial integrity according to the 1920 San Remo Treaty and the 1932 Treaty of Independence. And the Iraqi Kurds want to be part of Iraq only at the moment and their reluctance towards permanent status is a clear impediment to constitutional and territorial concessions. The second condition, which must be handled, surrounds the fate of transitional governance. Its nature, selection, and who would serve the cabinet posts were the points of dispute between the Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraqis. The Governing Council apparently preempted UN-US efforts to form the new interim government by choosing a new president, two deputy presidents and a prime minister. Elections would not ensure perfect democratic governance or a pro-American government, but should reflect the consensus of the majority of the Iraqi people. What it took Britain to achieve a truly representative government after 900 years and the United States more than 225 years and a civil war has been made the goal for the Iraqis in only a year. And the third condition brings out the Governing Council's lack of legitimacy and the still undefined nature of political institutions. These issues cannot be resolved soon. The US needs to pass on real and transparent decision-making power on to the Iraqis (Yaphe)."
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The Afghanistan Legal System, 2006.
This paper discusses the history, problem and reformation of the Afghanistan legal system.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, during the past four years, with the help of international aide, Afghanistan has worked towards the goal of justice for its people, but the outcome has created international and internal conflicts, which threaten the badly needed autonomy of the court. The author points out that the problem lies with the very vocal minority, the radical Islamic Shari'a, who are frowned upon by the majority of the Muslim population and the western countries offering aid but, in the past, have bullied and terrorized those who defied them. The paper relates that, although the Afghanistan government is determined to create a justice system that both strengthens the country and appeals to the populace, the fact that nothing has been resolved and that nothing is currently being done to close the loopholes in the constitution doesn't seem to be a big concern to the leadership of Afghanistan.
Table of Contents
The Challenge in Afghanistan
The Shari'a
A History of the Legal Systems of Afghanistan
The Modern Reformation of the Legal System
A Test of the New System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Warlords continued to fight each other until the mid-1990s when the Taliban took control of the country. The Taliban brought back the Shari'a, only this time in an extreme form, as the law of the country, partly in response to support from Pakistan. Their interpretation of Islam was enforced by religious police known as the Ministry of Virtue. They oversaw the implementation of radical Shari'a that included amputation for theft, stoning for adultery, banning of television, music and sports. The Taliban framed the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, 1,800 year old statues carved into the side of a mountain, as an extension of the Shari'a law prohibiting idols."
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Canada in Afghanistan, 2006.
This paper discusses the presence of Canadian military troops in Afghanistan.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Canada should withdraw her troops from Afghanistan. The writer points out that Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan has been ongoing since the conflict began in 2001, and what began as a peacekeeping mission in support of the United States against the Taliban has become something different largely because of American involvement in the war in Iraq. The writer discusses that the continued presence of Canadian troops in Afghanistan can today be seen as support for the wider war the United States is waging in the Middle East. The writer argues that Canada should withdraw before the fallout from this extended conflict harms Canadian interests.
From the Paper
"Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan has been ongoing since the conflict began in 2001, and what began as a peacekeeping mission in support of the United States against the Taliban has become something different largely because of American involvement in the war in Iraq. The continued presence of Canadian troops in Afghanistan can today be seen as support for the wider war the United States is waging in the Middle East. Canada should withdraw before the fallout from this extended conflict harms Canadian interests. Canada's involvement in Afghanistan steadily increased from the start of the conflict. Most recently, Canada undertook a major role in the southern part of that country, based around Kandahar with a battle group of more then 2000 soldiers. Canada also now commands one of the main military forces in Afghanistan, the Multi National Brigade for Command South."
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Terrorism in Afghanistan, 2008.
This paper discusses the resurgence of terrorism in Afghanistan and its repercussions for the United States and the world.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why the U.S. began anti-terrorist activities in Afghanistan in 2002 and why United Nations forces are still in Afghanistan today. The paper discusses how terrorism against foreign forces and opposition to the current democratic government are on the rise in Afghanistan today. The paper concludes that until the government can prove that it will provide a better lifestyle for all Afghan people, bin Laden and his Taliban will continue to grow and gain the confidence of the people.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is not new to Afghanistan. The Afghan people have lived through several monarchies and regimes, and in December 1979, they were invaded by the Soviet Union. It took ten years, but insurgents and Afghan rebels defeated the Soviets in 1989. One of the insurgents who fought tirelessly against the Soviets was Osama bin Laden. He formed his al-Qaeda network to recruit and train terrorists to fight against the Soviets. After the Soviet-Afghan War ended, bin Laden returned to his home in Saudi Arabia, but continued his terrorist tactics, which eventually got him banned from his home country and began his intense hatred of the United States. He returned to Afghanistan and continued to recruit and train terrorists."
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Afghanistan, 2005.
This paper discusses an article by Andrew North, BBC News South Asia (January 11, 2005), on Afghanistan's image.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Andrew North's article on Afghanistan points out how much commentary duplicates imperialist views of Afghans and Afghanistan as violent, ungovernable and unaccountable. The author relates several theoretical sources belonging to post-colonial theory and others, which help to substantiate observations made. The paper suggests that old notions of Afghanistan suit current American and British foreign policy objectives.
From the Paper
"This paper refers to several motifs that are rather old, in presenting the Afghan people to Westerners, as 'other' than Europeans, as found in a recent BBC South Asia article. The reader who is interested in the history of South Asia, or of Afghanistan, will spot several tendencies that render this piece not only orientalist, but a piece of propaganda, given Britain's considerable role in backing the American invasion of President George Bush. The article plays on what readers may believe that they 'know' about Afghanistan and about the Afghan people, with important aspects of the Afghan conflict missing."
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Canadian Involvement in the War in Afghanistan, 2008.
An analysis of the liberal and realist views of Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan.
912 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the Canadian military involvement in Afghanistan is laudable. It suggests that realists have a better understanding of the realities of international security and human rights protection than do liberals. The paper outlines the general content of both the liberal and realist arguments regarding Canadian involvement in Afghanistan and then briefly looks at how human rights and liberties can only be maintained if those who would violate those rights and liberties are held accountable.
From the Paper
"To close, the realists are really the more perceptive of the two groups inasmuch as they seem to understand that international rules and protocols have no "teeth" (e.g.: enforcement) if they are not followed up by force. Moreover, it may be said that radicalized elements infused with religious radicalism and with an intense hatred of the west are not exactly the kind of people who will listen to diplomatic reason - or to sanctions (like embargoes) that can hurt others as much as they hurt them. In the end, the Canadian military is doing a good thing - and should be commended."
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Afghanistan - A Child's Graveyard, 2002.
Examining the disasterous effects of war on children in Afghanistan.
2,129 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the way in which the ongoing war in Afghanistan has effected the country's children. It shows how 25% of the children die before they reach they age of 5, and provides reasons for this shocking fact - starvation, land mines, bombs, being used in war as young soldiers and being orphaned as babies. The paper focuses on the use of minors as soldiers, why this is such a common practice in Afghanistan and what can be done to prevent this phenomenon.
From the Paper
"War has existed as long as recorded history. Evidence has been found to suggest that organized warfare occurs even among non-human primates. According to the biological ecologist Michael Ghiglieri, ?the happy-go-lucky chimpanzee has turned out to be the most lethal ape, an organized, cooperative warrior.? (In Bloom, 29) According to many theorists, war is built into the fundamental nature of humanity. It is an evolutionary drive nearly as strong as that to procreate. Even if one chooses to ignore such biological imperatives, the causes for war would still abound. The motivations for war are nearly universal. The Taliban fight for the same reasons that the Americans fight: a righteous sense of having been wronged, a need to preserve their social order, revenge for their loved ones killed, and the belief that their one nation under God is the only nation under God. War is, above all, inevitable."
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