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African-American Movie and Television Images, 2002.
This paper explores the image of African-Americans in movies and television and their impact on socialization.
3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive chronology of the manner in which African-American have been presented in movies and on television. This paper states that despite the attempt to portray American culture accurately, the media lags behind in regards to the changes in morality and values held by the American people, especially in the portrayal of minorities. The author feels that because television is an intense carrier of socialization, there needs to be much more research to assess the impact of these images on the psyche of black youth.
Table of Contents
Background Information on U.S. Media and Television
The American Audience
Four Functions of Media
The Image of African-Americans on Television
Roots of the Distorted Images of African-Americans
The Birth of Television Images
Life on Television Study
The Neilson Rating System
Televisions Impact on Socialization
Socialization and Comprehension in Childhood
Studies with Children and Television
From the Paper
"The Anglo-Saxon beliefs, which were brought to this country, showed the beginning of racial prejudice in this country. White was seen as pure, clean, good, reflecting the spiritual light; and black was seen as impurity, filth, evil and spiritual darkness. Those people who were prosperous and self-sufficient were the spiritual elect, and those who were enslaved were seen as damned. These beliefs carried on in the South, with the mythology of the happy slaves who were content to serve the master as the ultimate fulfillment of their lives. This became one of the many justifications for slavery and exploitation of blacks. During the Reconstruction period, images of a lazy, slow-witted blacks with loose morals and fondness for alcohol were used to reinforce institutionalized and social racism."
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American Television in the 1980s, 2004.
This paper discusses the problems of American television in the 1980s, television's cultural history, the postmodern television consumer culture as explored in DeLillo?s ?White Noise? and Wallace?s ?Girl with Curious Hair", and television sports.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the decade of the 1980s is seen as the explosion of television culture in terms of the proliferation of networks and the availability of programming through the cable. The author points out that Wallace and DeLillo are both concerned with postmodern characters that are absent internal selves, or rather, characters that seem to be informed of behavior primarily through the use of television. The author believes that sports on television now seems to be as dysfunctional as the nuclear family: a series of different schedules with a lot of hype, dreams or delusions of grandeur, with no meaningful connection to the simple love of the game.
Table of Contents
Cultural History of American Television
The Postmodern Television Consumer Culture: ?White Noise? and ?Girl with Curious Hair?
Television?s Impact on Sports
From the Paper
"The FCC continued to be the regulating body that determined what would be permissible for the American public to view. However, the Reagan administration that preached supply-side economics, believed that deregulation was the best method of growing the economy given the many slow-downs that dominated the 1970?s. ?For FCC chairman (Reagan appointee) [Mark] Fowler, the only kind of regulation that was legitimate came from the market itself, and he made this clear to gleeful industry executives from his earliest days in office? (Steyer 137). Fowler also acknowledged that such regulation should be at the hands of media and broadcasting executives because they had first hand knowledge of what Americans really wanted to see. Ironically, it seemed that the Reagan administration passively promoted a liberal media that looked for alternative methods of programming even though the business executives would assess its effectiveness and its decency."
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Portrayal of African-Americans on Television, 2001.
This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades.
2,022 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 15 sources, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades. Specific shows are discussed (e.g. - "All In The Family", "Sanford & Son"). Conclusions are drawn by the author based on his/her research regarding trends of treatment of African-Americans in mass media.
From the Paper
"There is no question that media is a very powerful force in all of our lives. Whether we realize it or not the media is an important factor in molding some of our first opinions as children. That is why it is very important for television to be representing all minorities. Television has not historically done a good job of this. However, it has improved drastically from how things were in the 1950?s. It is also very important that other races are portrayed accurately. If they are portrayed in stereotypical ways, that will be the view that children have before they are old enough to make their own decisions. We need to teach our children about other races in order to live in a world that respects all races."
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Portrayal of Overweight vs. Thin Women in American Television Series, 2003.
Compares how overweight and thin women are portrayed on American television series. Cites "Everybody Loves Raymond," "The Drew Carey Show" and "The Parkers."
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on how overweight women are portrayed in American television, stressing the comical roles in which unattractive women are cast. While thin, attractive women are prevailing with more dominant, powerful roles, overweight female characters are cast in demeaning roles. Given the dominant role allows an attractive woman to address important women's issues, where her overweight counterpart is often cast in roles that confine her to the undesirable stereotype of of the pushy, nosy, nit-picker.
From the Paper
"Over the past few years, actresses have found themselves in greater positions of freedom with regards to the roles open and offered to them. Women are prevailing in television with more dominant, powerful roles and given a chance to address issues that concern the female public. However, it is usually the younger, thin women who get to stretch the limits of society. They get to explore roles of sexual and personal liberation. Thin women are shown as holding high positions in the economic world as well as having the ability to attract many men. For the most part, their older, overweight counterparts are still confined to roles that portray them as intrusive busybodies. When they push these attitudes beyond the normal social expectations, they become the joke of other characters and must then deal with their ridicule. Overweight female characters in sitcoms are demeaned and made fun of by other characters in the show. They are often characterized by overly flamboyant clothes, makeup and personalities, and as a result the other characters show a slight fear of them. These roles are especially prevalent in the evening situational comedies that one might watch."
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2007.
This paper argues that parents are responsible for keeping their children from watching controversial television advertising.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that businesses use controversial television advertising because controversy spreads more rapidly amongst viewers and thereby increases the spread of powerful word-of-mouth advertising. The author points out that censorship only prolongs or intensifies questionable advertising. The paper explains that, because companies competing for profits will continue to believe that questionable advertising methods relay the most powerful messages, parents who are perturbed by this practice must set limits for their own children's television watching simply by turning it off.
From the Paper
"The more protesters - slash - objectors holding up mini-billboards, or picket signs, simply just broaden the advertisement target area even more. Each person can forge their own opinions about the advertisement's approach, but at least the controversy has opened up the doors to many others to consider forming an opinion, whether it is good, or bad. The public response to the Janet Jackson Super Bowl stunt has gotten other advertisers to pull ads, in fear of upsetting TV networks, of course, due to upsets from viewers."
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2007.
An overview of what constitutes controversial advertising on television.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
During the past six decades, television advertising has changed considerably. Today, there are television commercials for a myriad of products, including drugs for virtually every health complaint, from headaches to erectile dysfunction. This paper shows that over the years, some television commercials have created concerns and stirred controversy. The paper looks at false advertising, commercials directed at children and teens, sex and medical advertisements.
From the Paper
"In 2005,it was reported that automakers are now developing marketing strategies to reach gay consumers, a large, often affluent and trend-setting demographic (LaReau 2005). According to General Motors market research data, gay Americans each have an average household income of nearly $65,000, compared to $45,000 of all U.S. households (LaReau 2005). In fact, during the past decade, gay television commercials have been popping up more and more on the airwaves (Is 2000). For example the Volkswagen ad that portrayed two trendy young males stopping curbside to pick up a discarded "kitschy old armchair," or the John Hancock Insurance commercial that featured a female couple adopting a baby (Is 2000)."
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Children's Television Advertising, 2005.
This paper examines the techniques of television advertising directed to children.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, £ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper reports on research into the content and meaning of children's television advertising before Christmas. The paper notes information on the variety of products that are geared for children in some way and discusses the selling methods used and the frequency with which advertising messages are bolstered by repetition. The paper explains that this creates a desire on the part of children for these products.
From the Paper
"Television advertising directed at children is examined for content, frequency and products featured for a period in the Fall of 2004, the Christmas season for advertisers. The results show the variety of products that are geared for children in some way, the selling methods used and the frequency with which advertising messages are bolstered by repetition, creating a desire on the part of children for these products. The intent is clearly to develop a habit of buying in the young and parents suffer by being asked over and over to buy the latest product, many reflecting entertainment aspects of the consumer culture."
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Advertising on American Television, 2006.
This paper explores the role of advertising on American television.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
With the advent of the internet, television shows are further illustrating their addiction to satisfy advertisers by building what could be called bonus material onto their websites in a bid to recoup advertising that has been lost to cyberspace. In each case, the ads themselves are further driving content, bounding well past the lines in the sand of what were once considered ethical dilemmas, and creating a culture of ignorance. This essay discusses ways in which advertising is being used to affect opinion and information.
From the Paper
"Although degrees of saturation vary, American television is almost universally a sponsored medium. As such, it is built on a so-called "free" ideal, in as much as viewers of the major networks receive news, entertainment, sitcoms, dramas, lifestyle shows, and sports without paying directly for it. However, where cable television started as a commercial-free space, it too now relies on commercials, creating an across-the-board modern reliance on advertising dollars that brings with it third-party influences that have affected its form, content, and messaging in such strong ways that they can only be described as gate-keepers and creators at the same time."
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of television advertising that is not appropriate for children and teenagers.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that advertisers use outrageously risque advertising to get more attention, including the additional attention it might get when it has to be pulled from broadcasting. The author points out that the F.C.C. has developed rules to protect everyone from these controversial commercials; for example, commercials that are aired during programming for children are not allowed to exceed ten minutes per hour and obscene broadcasts are prohibited at all times. The paper relates that another problem is that advertising affects negatively the way adolescents view themselves because they feel they are not as pretty or as smart as the people depicted in the advertisements; therefore, children should be taught to be confident about who they are, not only on the outside, but more importantly, what is on the inside.
From the Paper
"Given the amount of money spent on advertising, it would be reasonable to think that the advertisers would what to make an advertisement that could be aired on TV. When are the most people going to watch TV and see these ads? Yep, you guessed it, the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl has more viewers than any other television program all year long. Advertisers pay an estimated $2.4 million for a 30-second spot during the game. Millions of people saw the Janet Jackson/Justin Timberlake 'wardrobe malfunction' in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004. That is what has changed the pace for most of TV. Because so many people complained, the FCC had to get really strict. They fined CBS $550,000 for that 'malfunction'. It offended people mainly because their children were watching."
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Children and Television Advertising, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence that television advertising has on children in particular with regards to sex and violence.
1,982 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the media's original purpose was to inform and entertain, but as technology grew, so did society's dependence on the media. The writer maintains that there was a time that media was a teacher and in many ways it still is, but the message currently being taught is not what we want our children to learn. The writer then goes on to examine some of the messages that advertising sends out to children about their bodies, their sexuality and alcohol and smoking. The writer also notes that the media affects children by making them more interested in sex, sexuality and addictive behaviors. The writer concludes that the messages that advertisements send are persuasive and influence the lives of children in a more negative than positive manner.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Kids TV and Ads
Negative and Positive Associations
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During prime time, advertisements children watch most frequently are full of sexual activity. Most of the sexual content in advertisements is from characters discussing their own or others' current or future sexual activity. The idea of sexual risk or responsibility, however, is almost never talked about or shown. In fact through sexual exploitive advertising the attention of children is sought after rigorously. Children who watch advertisements ultimately become the audience for shows they shouldn't be watching and products they shouldn't be using. The Joe Camel advertisements of the 60's and 70's on television affected the lives of teens negatively even after the cigarette companies were mandated through government legislation to pull their advertisements. Teenagers were already addicted--legislation came too late. "
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Controversial Television Advertising, 2007.
A look at the potential effect of blatant sexist advertising.
2,349 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it is an undeniable fact that young children and adolescents and adults alike are being exposed today to what is known as blatant sexist advertising, in the form of the commercials that are aired on television and also through other media. It attempts to analyze the harm that such advertisements cause in the minds of these young children and how it impacts them in their behavioral patterns.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, it is an undeniable fact that advertising has increased in various forms, everywhere, and in direct proportion, controversial advertising has also increased, leading one to fear for the mental safety and health of the children of the nation, and others who can be easily influenced by external factors. Perhaps the reason for the increased advertising is that today, society has become more complex than it ever was, and has also, an increased awareness of the harmful effects of advertising certain products on general media, and also the need for advertisers to cut through the so called 'clutter' that other advertisers have created, in advertising their products."
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Television Ratings, 2007.
This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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Got Television?, 2003.
A compare-and-contrast paper on two books by Neil Postman that deal with the evolution and penetration of television into the American market and American home.
2,512 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the far-reaching effects that television has had on the American family and American mindset. Since its introduction, television has become more and more of a staple in the American home. People spend about 1/4 of their day watching television, which is coming to have a greater impact on all facets of American life. The paper uses "Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business" and "Conscientious Objections: Stirring Up Trouble About Language, Technology, and Education" by Neil Postman as references.
From the Paper
"I will never forget the day that I lost all trust in and respect for the television news media. Amidst the endless broadcasts covering the attacks of September 11, one of the many scenes that seemed to be stuck on repeat was that of children in Afghanistan celebrating joyfully in the streets. The video footage depicted young children running rampant in the streets with expressions of glee pasted on their faces and waving noisemakers in the air. According to the various television news stations, these children were celebrating the successful terrorist attacks which had just taken place in America. By constantly playing this recording, the onus of blame was attributed to Afghanistan as a nation as opposed to those who were actually responsible- the Al-Qaida network."
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Children's Television Advertisements, 2007.
This paper analyzes the influences of advertising in children's television shows.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the television shows and advertising content on the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) channel when airing "Berenstein Bears", "Dragon Tales", "Bob the Builder" and "Angelina Ballerina". The paper presents two differing opinions in relation to television advertising and its influence on children. It also discusses the contention that all advertising can have an adverse affect on children, as well as the contention that, if parents take the time to explain advertising to their children, the child will learn to evaluate commercials effectively. The paper supports the second contention.
From the Paper
"On the Berenstein Bears the family discussed the needs of the mother bear to work outside of the home and the family's responsibility at helping out with chores while the mother worked. On Dragon Tales the show focuses on one of the Dragon's being afraid to accomplish a task without his good luck charm, which he believed gave him the power to succeed. Bob the Builder told the tale of Bob and his friends helping to stop a plumbing leak at the local school. Finally, on Angelina Ballerina the "mouselings" fought to save an old tree in the park."
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