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Adolescent Childbearing in Africa, 2006.
A review of pregnancy, HIV and STDs in African adolescents.
1,682 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior in Africa and the increasing incidents of HIV/AIDS and other STDs. It also discusses the suffering caused by childhood marriage and immediate post pubertal childbearing in females as young as 10 years of age.
Contents
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Behavior in Africa
Early Childbearing in Africa
Health Risks for Adolescents with Sexual Activity and Childbearing
Social and Economic Risks of Early Childbearing
What Can be Done?
From the Paper
"Contributing to both problems is the manner in which adolescent sexual activity in the region is changing. Aside from the fertility issue, Dijamba noted that most young women in Kinshasa, subject of a study by Dijamba, now engage in sporadic, nonsteady types of relationships, despite the fact that premarital chastity was still widely accepted as the norm, at least in Congo (Pillai & Barton, 1998). Dijamba noted that "exposure to mass media, formal education, delay in marriage, and other changes in social and economic environment may have reduced the role that traditional norms and values play on female socialization and union formation" (2003, p. 237+).
Dijamba affirmed the high rate of premarital sexual activity in developing counties is of concern because of the increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS and other STDs (sexually transmitted diseases). UNICEF (2002) provides the information that 5.2 million people acquire HIV each year, with more than half being young people between ages 15 and 25. In addition, a UNAIDS (2002) report noted that the situation is "more alarming in Africa, a continent that is home to 70% of the adults and 80% of the children living with HIV in the world today" (quoted by Kiragu and Zabin, 1998, p. 210+)."
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Adolescent Psychology, 2007.
An analysis of the pressures influencing adolescents and how adolescent psychologists view these issues.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the aspects of psychology that specifically affect adolescents. It discusses some of the challenges adolescent psychologists study, such as teenage pregnancy and predisposition to the use of drugs and/or alcohol. It discusses the factors influencing adolescents and how they are able to cope with these external and internal pressures.
From the Paper
"Talk therapies and group therapies have both shown progress in treating depressive disorders. Using cognitive therapy, and the understanding that emotional health is linked to thought patterns and beliefs, psychologists can explore events and feelings that have been painful to the adolescent. They can help the patient develop new coping skills and adjust a pessimistic or negative outlook that creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. Group therapy also utilizes cognitive therapy but can make sessions less threatening. In addition, they can teach valuable social skills (Battle)."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A research paper discussing the breadth and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
9,571 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 48 sources, MLA, £ 136.95
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Abstract
In this research, the writer provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is then followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Parents and other adult caregivers therefore stand out as the primary factors that can either contribute to the incidence of adolescent substance abuse or help encourage young people to avoid such behaviors. Parents can also influence adolescent substance abuse indirectly through their impact on peer group selection. Therefore, the relational patterns that exist within the family and peer group systems appear to represent an important consideration in the development of efficacious treatment protocols for adolescent substance abuse.
"Unfortunately, many young people come from homes where adult substance abuse is a matter of course, and it would appear reasonable to assert that such adults have little incentive or the resources they need to provide their children with the guidance they need during this formative period in their lives. Moreover, there was a distinct downward spiral quality to these behaviors that make early interventions absolutely critical because the more young people engage in such behaviors, the harder it is to effect change, not to mention the increased risk these young people run of becoming yet another grim statistic related to adolescent substance abuse in the United States today."
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Adolescent Television Behavior and Actual Behavior, 2002.
Examination of adolescent behavior as depicted on television; compared with actual adolescent behavioral patterns.
4,838 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 85.95
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Abstract
This study uses content analysis to examine adolescent television drama program behavior as compared to actual adolescent behavioral statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics. Issues of sexual behavior, alcohol usage and drug usage were analyzed. This work contributes to cultivation theory; the culmination of similar messages on fictional adolescent television drama programs re-enforces impressions that are not based on reality.
From the Paper
"Media can be described in many ways and forms. It is the dissemination of news, events, and information as well as a portrayal of America. It contains movies, sitcoms, dramas, comedies, news, and world events that all shape our reality of what the world is. Television more specifically is so popular because its function is to be a mirrored image of what America is, its beliefs, and ideas. Because it performs this function, it is considered entertainment. This industry is a multi-billion dollar industry that centers around two words: money and people. It does not necessarily have to be accurate for people to believe it. People will believe what they find to be interesting whether it is true or not, based upon no actual proof. This is why the media can get away with straying from the truth, because people do not care whether what they absorb is true. Truth is a very powerful concept that most people take too lightly. Most people will not admit that what they watch on television, hear on the radio, or read in the newspaper affects them. However, it has been proven through the cultivation theory that this effect is present, it does occur, and it subsequently affects the way a country perceives itself. This is how the media ultimately controls the power of thought."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
An analysis of the breath and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
6,423 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 39 sources, APA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances typically abused by American adolescents today is also followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors and place these young people at higher risk of becoming substances abusers, as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Societal Implications
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Social Identity Theory, Group Affiliation and Their Influence on Adolescent Substance Abuse
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Factors Contributing to Adolescent Substance Abuse Behaviors
Summary
From the Paper
"Calculating the precise incidence of substance abuse among adolescence has been complicated by the fact that some minority groups appear to be specifically targeted for such testing when they present for emergency treatment at many American hospitals today. For example, the results of an analysis of data collected on adolescents (aged 12 through 17 years) from the National Trauma Data Bank to identify the incidence of alcohol and drug testing in adolescents admitted for traumatic injury by Marcin and his colleagues (2003) found significant differences in the likelihood of alcohol and drug testing being ordered by the treating clinicians for different racial, ethnic, and gender groups which demonstrated an increased likelihood of Hispanic males and African American females to receive alcohol testing, but did not identify any systematic attempt at racial bias; this study, though, did determine that females of all races were less likely than males to test positive for alcohol and drugs (Marcin et al., 2003). "
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Adolescent Identity Development, 2007.
Reviews two articles about identity formation in adolescence: "The Development of the Sense of Self in Adolescence" by A. Blasi and K. Milton and "Styles of Identity Formation in Early and Middle Adolescence" by H. Flum.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and compares "The Development of the Sense of Self in Adolescence" by A. Blasi and K. Milton and "Styles of Identity Formation in Early and Middle Adolescence" by H. Flum, which both explore different adolescent identity styles and how they are formed. The paper points out that both articles are influenced by Erik Erikson's concept of the development of personality during adolescence. The paper also explains that Flum explores styles of identity within the framework of a number of issues, which concern adolescents at different age levels and represent the intrapersonal and interpersonal facets of the adolescent's experience; whereas, Blasi and Milton clarify an adolescent's sense of self, which underlies the experience of their evolving identity.
From the Paper
"Flum (1994) results were categorized based on Marcia's ego-identity statuses. These showed whether the participant demonstrated identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, diffused type of moratorium and a less-diffused type of moratorium. The participants who fit into the identify diffusion category showed high external orientation and low decisiveness. The lower SES group had the most extreme cases of identity diffusion. The results for sex differences showed that 8 out of 10 of the extreme identity cases where males. There was no difference found for age for participants with extreme identity diffusion and the extreme non diffusion participants."
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The Breadth and Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A discussion on the issue of substance abuse in adolescents, including some factors that contribute to this behavior and suggested treatments.
13,942 words (approx. 55.8 pages), 72 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper is made up of two chapters that provide a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk. The second chapter provides a description and overview of what steps clinicians should follow in formulating treatment plans for adolescent substance abusers and the four primary types of interventions used in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse in use in the United States today. The paper also includes tables and diagrams for reference.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Tobacco Abuse by Adolescents
Alcohol Abuse by Adolescents
Inhalants as Abused Substances
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Chapter Summary
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The breadth of the problem under consideration is vast and its economic consequences enormous because substance abuse describes the destructive or harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in any situation. Therefore, substance abuse includes not only drinking or drug use by individuals who, because of their social, emotional, or genetic heritage, use alcohol and other drugs compulsively or without control, but also any drinking or drug use that potentially endangers the drinker or others (Ammerman, Ott & Tarter, 1999). These facets will be described in greater detail in the section on "Societal Implications," following the section entitled, Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents, and the section entitled Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
An analysis of the breadth and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
5,537 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 60 sources, APA, £ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including the types of substances typically abused by adolescents. These substances include tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants. A description of the statistics and incidence concerning adolescent substance abuse among various groups is presented, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use Among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
From the Paper
"While many of the studies to date have focused on age of onset, heavy episodic consumption and trend over time, there remains a paucity of research concerning specific variables that can predict why some adolescents progress from light experimentation (drinking outside the home on several occasions, but always fewer than five drinks per occasion) to heavier episodic-type drinking (five or more drinks per occasion) (Gonzalez et al., 2004). To this end, these authors used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), which they describe as "a large, national, longitudinal survey of approximately 18,000 adolescents in Grade 7 through 12--we identified a population of adolescent who, as reported at a baseline assessment, had drunk alcohol outside their homes but had not engaged in heavy episodic drinking" (Gonzalez et al., 2004, p. 494). These same adolescents were reinterviewed a year later and data from these interviews were then used as a basis for identifying specific variables that can be reasonably associated with the transition to heavy episodic drinking (Gonzalez et al., 2004). "
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Theories of Adolescent Substance Abuse., 2002.
This paper addresses adolescent substance abuse from a scientific standpoint, delving into different theories of addiction, as well as some sociology of adolescence, in order to present the two different factors present in the formation of substance abuse
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses adolescent substance abuse from a scientific standpoint, delving into different theories of addiction, as well as some sociology of adolescence, in order to present the two different factors present in the formation of substance abuse habits in adolescence. These factors are embodied by the disease theory and the psychosocial theory of addiction, which are both explained in the essay.
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Adolescent Suicide, 2008.
An analysis of adolescent suicide and a review at how treatment approaches such as integration cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and self-psychology can help detect and prevent suicides.
65,535 words (approx. 262.1 pages), 41 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This research paper is an extensive, in-depth study covering almost every facet of adolescent suicide including its history, demographics, possible reasons and situations, and risk factors. The paper also explores and analyzes the self psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy approaches to deterring and preventing suicides.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Adolescent Suicide
Epidemiology of Adolescent Suicide
Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide
Purpose of CRP
Self Psychology
Self Psychology and Suicide
Self Psychology and Family
Explanation of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
CBT Treatment Efficacy
CBT and Depression
CBT and Suicide
CBT and Family
Self Psychology Therapy
Self Psychology and Adolescents
From the Paper
"As can be seen from the opinions and theories of these two different individuals, personality, how people use it, and what creates it is a debated topic that not all agree on. Some believe that personality changes over time, while others believe that personality is a genetically inherited trait that will remain basically the same throughout life, and some see the issue as not being as relevant as how the behaviors that are manifest by the personality of the individual make that individual feel. This does not mean that no changes in the way someone reacts to their environment will be seen as they grow older or that all behaviors are healthy, but that the basic way that someone looks at the world will not change that much over time . Those that believe that personality does not change do not feel that one can change who they genetically are, and therefore the traits that they were born with will always remain."
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The Adolescent's Motivation to Read, 2007.
An assessment of the factors influencing an adolescent's motivation to read.
2,004 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the motivations of the adolescent individual to read. It begins by looking into what characterizes the age of adolescence and how this may affect an adolescent's desire to read and her success in reading. It also analyzes the effects of an individual adolescent's failure to be successful in reading. The paper also discusses how these factors need to be taken into account when planning classroom instruction in this area of learning.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Definitions & Terms of the Research
Present Issues
Concrete Instructional Practices/Strategies for Classroom Incorporation
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wigfield has identified the important of the beliefs of students in relation to their own competence in reading and the fact that adolescents are often more motivated for 'non traditional' reading than they are for 'in school' reading. Adolescents often suffer from resistance to reading and disaffection for reading which may overcome meaningful reading experiences and reading material that has connections to the subject area. Reading instruction that is collaborative has also been found to be effective in motivating adolescent learners in reading instruction. (Wigfield, nd)"
"Stated in the work of Alvermann is the important fact that while instructional practices that vary have been shown to have little effect on student reading levels and achievement 'engagement of students' has been shown to be "the mediating factor, or avenue" (2001) or path through which the instructor may use their classroom instructional practice for positively impact the outcome of the student in reading achievement and reading comprehension."
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Adolescent Influences, 2007.
An analysis of the factors influencing the ways that adolescents behave.
5,883 words (approx. 23.5 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influences in the lives of adolescents that have a direct impact on how they behave, how they see the world and how they interact within their home, school and community environments. It goes on to discuss which influences have the most dramatic effect on adolescents and discusses possible reasons why this is so. The paper analyzes various articles that examine this subject.
Table of Contents:
Violent Video games
Peer Group Influences (Aggressive Behaviors)
Peer Group Influences (Gifted Students)
Peer Group Influences (Smoking)
The Timing Of Puberty (As An Influence)
Genetic & Environmental Influences
Parenting Influences (On Adolescent Alcohol Use And Impulsive Behaviors)
Family Influences On Detained Adolescents (With Sexually Transmitted Diseases)
Maternal Depression May Produce Adolescent Behavior Problems
Parent-Child Conflict Influences Adolescent Behavior (In Negative Ways)
Risky Parental Behavior (And Adolescent Sexual Activity)
Family Planning Clinics And Adolescents
Boys' Beliefs About Delinquent Behavior
Heterosexual Risk Behavior (Among Urban Adolescents)
Peer Pressure To Be Thin Leads To Suicide
The Influence Of The Internet On Adolescents
From the Paper
"The article continues, indicating that "high levels of conflict and low emotional attachment between parents and children have been associated" with an indifference on the part of adolescents for the "emotional well being of others." What is negative in the home is then transferred to others in school and the community, who often don't understand the origins of the bad behavior. During the developmental period, it is no secret that adolescents spend more time with their peers than their parents. Hence, the acceptability of delinquency becomes easy for adolescents because there is ample time for a process called "deviancy training," Pardini explains. Discussions about rule-breaking are held on a "regular basis," and the validity of these peer conversations is sealed through "shared laughter." The deviancy training is the same thing as what used to be called "bull sessions." Meantime, the beliefs that are learned during deviancy training become more and more at odds with family and parental values."
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Adolescent Depression, 2006.
A look at different treatment options for depressed adolescents.
2,337 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Depression is a problem that needs to be dealt with seriously in our society, especially among adolescents who do not know how to channel what they're feeling into something positive and constructive. This paper examines how the depressed adolescent goes through vulnerability, insecurity, low self esteem and the desire to end his life as he sees it not going anywhere in the future. It looks at how all these problems and symptoms should be dealt with treatment and medication which would be the most efficient and long lasting on the individual.
Outline
Introduction
Recognition of Depression in Adolescents
Support for Treatment of Adolescent Depression
Current Research of Treatment Options for Depressed Adolescents
Recognition of How Adolescent Thinking Effects Depression
Unrealistic Expectations
Automatic Thoughts
Maladaptive Assumptions
Low Self-Esteem or Negative Self-Concept
Treatment Recommendations
Past, Present and Future
Best Treatment Options/Suggestions
Focus On Adolescent's Strengths, Resources and Current Competencies
Evaluate Depressive Levels
Inherent Wish to Change/Resistance & Setting of Goals
Support, Empathy & Time
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The maladaptive behaviors of a depressed individual can vary from his social skills to his concentration ability to his attitude towards authority. The depressed individual would not act his age or be emotionally distraught or seek too much attention. Socially, the depressed adolescent would be isolated and shy and prefer to be unaccompanied. Cognitively, the depressed adolescent would be lazy and incapable of learning and would underachieve. He would not be able to sit still in class or have long concentration duration. The depressed adolescent would also be very rebellious towards authority as well as stubborn and disobliging (Gerald R. Patterson, 1990)."
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Adolescent Sex and the Media, 2003.
An in-depth study into the affect that the media has on the phenomenon of adolescent sexual activity.
3,247 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 80 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how media critics point to adolescents' exposure to "sexy" television and popular music, as a cause for early sexual activity. Developmental transitions lead to increased information seeking, and developmental tasks force adolescents to find information sources other than their parents, implying a link between sexy media and adolescent development. It analyzes some articles which found that the three most prevalent research issues (representing nearly half of all articles) were problem behaviors, sexuality, and values. These studies concluded that adolescents were ill-equipped to face the increasing opportunities for sexual contact, because they lacked sufficient decision-making skills and sources of information.
Adolescent Sexuality
Life Tasks
Mass Media
Media Content
Media Use Patterns
Theoretical Frameworks
Media Effects
Discussion
Toward Improving Models
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Increasingly earlier physical development offers a possible explanation as to why adolescents seem to do things (e.g., engage in sexual activity) at a younger age than their parents. The average age of menarche is currently 12-13 years in the U.S., whereas 150 years ago it took place at age 16 (Hamburg, 1992). Perhaps the most important aspect of this trend is the discrepancy between physical and social development. Put another way, adolescent bodies mature before cognitive development and emotional maturity are far along (Hamburg, 1992). Anne Rice's (1987) fictional Belinda expresses the plight of the American adolescent--physically mature, but legally a child."
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