| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "ACCOUNTING PROFITS ECONOMIC": |
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Accounting Profits and Economic Profits, 2002.
An overview and comparison of the concepts of accounting profits and economic profits.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 67.95
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Abstract
A microeconomics paper which compares and contrasts accounting profits with economic profits and analyzes how the economist's view profits using both concepts.
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Profits, 2002.
A cpmparative analysis of accounting profits with economic profits.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts accounting profits with economic profits and analyzes how the economist's view profits using both concepts.
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Accountability and User-harm In Accounting, 1989.
A focus on responsibility and regulatory issues and revision of the ethics code. Examples of user-harm resulting from accounting information.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
Introduction
" The purpose of this research is to examine harm to users of accounting information stemming directly from the use of that information. Harm to users of accounting information has resulted from instances of (1) deficiencies in generally accepted accounting procedures (GAAP), (2) inadequate performance on the part of professional accountants, and (3) outright fraud (Dingell, 1988, E2161).
Accountability in Public Accounting
An important development which is in the process of occurring in contemporary American public accounting is a change in the way in which professional public accountants are held accountable for their actions ("National Commission on Fraudulent..."
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Economic Value Added, 2002.
This paper discusses the use of a new accounting theory, Economic Value Added, or EVA.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates Economic Value Added, or EVA, invented and promoted by Stern Stewart & Co. The author points out that this theory is aimed at eliminating the problems that accounting faces today by incorporating the concept of a ?true economic profit? into accounting and bookkeeping. The paper states that the EVA concept intends to align reported earnings, something which shareholders always take into consideration when investing in a company, with the actual capital that was loaned by the company.
Table of Contents
The Cost of Equity Capital
Operating vs. Financing Decisions
Pension Plan Accounting
Full Cost Accounting
Stock Options
From the Paper
"One of the errors that accountants usually makes and that leads to distorted reporting on a company?s earnings is the fact that equity capital is not taken into consideration as a cost. If debt is considered a cost and debt interest is noted as an expense, than why not see equity as a cost as well, seeing that it is not a free resource, but something invested by shareholders into the company and funds put into the company. As Bennett Stewart points out, ?the cost of equity is not a cash cost, it is an opportunity cost?. Indeed, it is the equivalent return that a shareholder would expect to earn by investing in other stocks from companies of comparable risk."
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Economic Value Added (EVA), 2002.
A look at Economic Value Added (EVA) accounting practice.
1,077 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Economic Value Added (EVA) is not a new concept in economics and financial theory and is based on the 19th century concept of ?economic profit?, it has only been widely adopted recently by business firms as an accounting practice. It describes what EVA is and looks at its pros and cons from the point of view of the company adopting the practice and the investors. It also examines how EVA differs from some other emerging accounting practices and the major issues relating to EVA as compared to other commonly used accounting principles. Finally, the possible problems and opportunities that a company adopting EVA principles can face are analyzed.
From the Paper
"In other words Economic Value Added is not the straightforward accounting ?profit? that we get by subtracting the costs minus revenue. In EVA we take into account the ?cost of capital? that is invested in the business and the cost of capital includes both debt and equity. Hence if we invest, for example, $ 100,000 in a business and get $110,000 as revenue the profit is not simply ($ 110,000 minus $ 100,000 = $ 10,000) since the $ 100,000 at the time of investment had an opportunity cost that has to be accounted for before we determine our ?real? profit. If the opportunity cost of $100,000 at the time of investment was $ 120,000, i.e., the investor could earn $ 20,000 by investing his/her money elsewhere, the $10,000 ?paper profit? would actually be a ?loss? in real terms."
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Accounting Ratios, 2006.
This paper defines the term accounting ratios and details why they are a significant tool applied by accountants when presenting accounting statements.
1,841 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the importance of accounting ratios in business. Accounting ratios illustrate the present as well as the prospective, so that shareholders can visualize how much gain a business attained, the total worth of the assets and the level of cash reserves available. This well-researched paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of accounting ratios. One significant drawback of the accounting ratio is that it depends too heavily on the conventional costs that lead to twists in quantifying performance. Ratios are required to be represented meticulously. They can entail the evidences to the performance of the company or financial environment. However, they are unable to demonstrate whether the performance is good or bad out their own. The writer details the manner in which the final figures of accounting ratios are achieved, while discussing the fact that these ratios necessitate some quantitative information for an informed analysis to be made. The writer contends and clearly explains why accounting ratios are completely dependent on the supplied data which may or may not be accurate.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A markedly low accounts ratio may give rise to angry suppliers and remarkably high inventory turnover ratios may lead to supply shortages and angry customers. The one that is correct for one company may not be considered appropriate for another one. Besides, no two companies are found to be similar irrespective of the fact that they are competitors in the same industry or market. Application of ratios to evaluate one company with another provides misleading information. Businesses may be within the same industry but have distinguished financial and business risk. Ratios are completely dependent on the data that may or may not be accurate."
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Economic Value Added, 2004.
This paper discusses the concept of Economic Value Added (EVA), invented and promoted by Stern Stewart & Co..
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Economic Value Added (EVA) may truly be considered the new "hottest thing" in accounting theory because it aims at eliminating the problems accounting faces today by incorporated the concept of a ?true economic profit? into accounting and bookkeeping. The author points out that one of the errors accountants usually make, which leads to distorted reporting of a company?s earnings, is the fact that equity capital is not taken into consideration as a cost. The paper stresses that stock options grants are an expense and that stock options are a form of compensation, which should be expensed as exercise rights vest.
Table of Contents
The Cost of Equity Capital
Operating vs. Financing Decisions
Pension Plan Accounting
Full Cost Accounting
Stock Options
From the Paper
"Stewart suggests that the pension cost (which is to be determined) should be calculated as the difference between the service cost on one side and the difference between the fund return and the liability interest. The fund return is determined as the return on a portfolio of bonds of similar characteristics with the pension fund, so that in the end the return on the fund and the liability interest will cancel one another. In this way, the pension cost will be equal to its service cost."
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Accounting, 2005.
A discussion on managerial accounting and financial accounting.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two unique sub-functions within the accounting field: managerial accounting and financial accounting. The specific functions, responsibilities and duties of each function are discussed. Further consideration is given to the ethical implications involved with each accounting division. Enron is mentioned as a prime example of how ethical considerations can not only undermine the financial solvency of a company but, ultimately, can cause its demise.
From the Paper
"The presence of financial accountants and management accountants in most large corporations today is a testament to the complexity of the global economy, the legal and governance rules an entity must operate under, and the sheer amount of information the profession must deal with on a daily basis. Though there are many functions that overlap within these two divisions of the same profession, each classification serves a uniquely strategic function. In general, financial accounting is responsible for the historical financial records and data of a company and is largely responsible for ensuring legal and regulatory compliance. Managerial accounting is responsible for providing interpretive reports of financial accounts which managers and executives use to make operational decisions and devise corporate strategy. "
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Japanese Accounting, 2004.
An exploration of the major external influences on Japanese accounting since the middle of the nineteenth century.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how it is due to the western method of accounting system that Japan has been able to progress so rapidly economically. It looks at how Japan had different accounting systems within the country in the pre-modern times and how these greatly hampered business, making it difficult to trade. It shows how with the western system of accounting, there was standardization which enabled Japan not only to trade internally but also with the rest of the world which has aided Japan to progress and grow rapidly.
Outline
External Influences
The Eagerness of People
From Proprietorship to Companies
Old Japanese Accounting Methods
Profit Measurement
Distinction Between Capital and Revenue Expenditures
Depreciation
Subsidiary Books
From the Paper
"Previously in Japan, there were small states and people had their own businesses. There was no concept of shareholders and a need to account for profits as the owners themselves took care of accounting for the revenues and profit. But with the western influence coming in, the businesses grew and partnerships and companies began to be formed. There were shareholders and thus there was a need to give justification to the shareholders. However, the accounting methods of Japan and that of the west were different initially which was creating a lot of problems and business dealings were being hampered. In order to avoid this, the Japanese steadily modified their accounting principles and methods and ways to match that of the West so that trade may become easier and easily accountable and fraud may be avoided."
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Accounts Receivables, 2002.
An explanation of accounts receivables in a non-profit setting.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses accounts receivables in a non-profit setting. The paper discusses the affect of account receivables on cash flows, collections etc.
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The Accounting Cycle of Canon Inc., 2007.
An look at the accounting cycle at Canon Inc. and the importance of the accounting cycle to an organization.
1,143 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of an accounting cycle for an organization. The paper first goes through the basic steps of the accounting cycle and then looks at them in detail with respect to the selected organization, Canon Inc. It describes how Canon Inc., which is a large organization, makes use of computerized accounting methods.
Table of Contents:
The Accounting Cycle
The Steps of the Accounting Cycle
The Accounting Cycle at Canon Inc.
From the Paper
"The basic purpose of an accounting department in an organization whether it is big (having an independent and separate department) or small (where accounting department is not even a possibility) is to keep a record of accounting data and then process this data into accounting/financial information by preparing financial statements. Keeping in view the basic accounting principles the financial statements should be prepared not only on a regular basis but also on a specific regular time interval (which remains on the discretion of the organization). To meet this objective a proper framework or a series of steps is required that regularizes the whole matter and this is exactly what the accounting cycle is; a series of steps beginning right from the recording of a simple transaction to the compilation of final statements and closing of the accounts."
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Accounting Differences, 2006.
This paper examines the field of accounting and looks in particular at managerial and financial accounting.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 0 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the two unique sub-functions within the accounting field: managerial accounting and financial accounting. The specific functions, responsibilities and duties of each function are discussed in relation to the broader field of accounting. Further consideration is given to the income statement and balance sheet and how they are related. Finally, the use of accounting principles and techniques in managerial decision-making is also discussed. The document concludes with a brief overview of accounting.
From the Paper
"Accounting within the business sphere is largely divided into two separate divisions: financial and managerial accountants. The presence of financial accountants and management accountants in most large corporations today is a testament to the complexity of the global economy, the legal and governance rules an entity must operate under, and the sheer amount of information the profession must deal with on a daily basis. The importance of accounting as a basic function of business activity cannot be overstated."
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Accounting, 2004.
An experimental analysis of nontraditional business students and their perceptions of accounting in an introductory accounting course.
8,583 words (approx. 34.3 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and assesses the perceptions of nontraditional students, or adults, regarding accounting as a major field of study and a potential career choice. It is often assumed that nontraditional students are more motivated because of maturity, life experience, and the decision to study accounting based on work force experience. The paper presents a study of selected Christian university adult and graduate degree programs. In addition, the paper attempts to determine if there are any differences in attitudes, perceptions, and assessments of traditional and nontraditional students regarding this field of study.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of Study
Research Questions/Hypothesis
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of Study
Chapter 2: Review of literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Selection of Participants
Instrumentation
Limitations or Assumptions
Procedures
Data Processing and Analysis
From the Paper
"Simply put, for many students, accounting is seen as too much work and very hard compared to other fields of study. The course of study for accounting majors has become more difficult in order to provide expanded coverage within the curriculum to achieve an increased degree of accounting competency. Professional accounting associations have become more concerned and have begun to address critical skills that are needed by accounting majors. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) issued documents in the early 1990s that aligned accounting curriculum more closely to actual accounting practices. This is one reason why the programs have study have become more demanding and stringent. There has been a definite impact on students' decisions to leave accounting as a major. It is one of the few disciplines that have undergone such scrutiny and policy changes regarding educational curriculum."
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History of Accounting, 2008.
This paper presents a chronological history of accounting from early civilization to modern times.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author traces the history of accounting from the days of early civilization by looking at its gradual development over the next centuries during which writing was invented by accountants; the "invention" of money, banking, and credit during the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations; the introduction of the innovative double entry bookkeeping system by accountants in the 16th century that fueled the Italian Renaissance; the use of sophisticated cost accounting techniques by smart entrepreneurs during the Industrial Revolution; the expanding role of accounting in businesses in the late 19th and early 20th century, and finally, the current state of the accounting profession.
Outline:
The Earliest Traces of "Accounting" in History
Mesopotamian Accountants Invent Writing
Accounting in Ancient Egypt and China
Invention of Coined Money and Banking
Accounting in Medieval Age
Invention of Double Book-keeping by Italian Merchants
Accounting's Role in the Industrial Revolution
Expanding Role of Accounting
The Current State of the Accounting Profession
From the Paper
"Increasing government regulations such as the Bankruptcy Act of 1869 in Britain increased the accountants' role in bankruptcy and liquidations. The Companies Act of 1862 required banks to be audited and the audit became mandatory for all public companies by the end of the century. This further expanded the role of the accountant in auditing. Industrialization in other countries of Europe and the United States at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century, and the rise of big business coincided with the invention of important accounting and business gadgets such as the calculator, typewriter, and tabulating machines. This gave a further boost to accounting and it gradually became an established profession. Accounting firms such as Cooper Brothers (later, Coopers & Lybrand) were formed and big business firms such as Carnegie Steel adopted sophisticated cost accounting to control operations, cut costs, and even eliminate competition to earn huge profits (Ibid). Du Pont, J.P. Morgan, Standard Oil, and General Motors were other big business firms in the U.S. that thrived after adopting modern cost accounting methods."
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