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Abortion and Interest Groups, 2005.
Examines the roles of the pro-life, pro-choice and morally conflicted groups on the abortion issue.
3,644 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
Abortion is one of the most hotly contested issues in the history of the United States. There are three primary sides to the issue of abortion - the pro-life, pro-choice and morally conflicted. This paper focuses primarily on the different interest groups, their views and approaches to changing abortion laws throughout the nation. In exploring these primary issues, the paper inevitably explores each of the three belief structures regarding abortion.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Pro-Life Interest Groups
Pro-Choice Interest Groups and Tactics
Roe vs. Wade
Interest Groups Using the Law
Illegal Methods
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The court, in making its decision applied the legal standard known as strict scrutiny to come to this decision. This is the most stringent test that a government can face, and means that a woman's right to chose what to do with her own body can only be regulated by government if that government first passes "strict scrutiny".34 To pass strict scrutiny, a woman's right must be outweighed in a legal balancing test by the state showing that they have a "compelling interest", and that the compelling interest is achieved by a narrowly tailored law that does not infringe upon the woman's right to chose any more that is absolutely necessary to achieve the state's goals.35 Because this test is so hard, it almost always means that laws that challenge a woman's right to chose will be struck down, thus the only way for Pro-lifers to get their way and eventually defeat the right to chose is for them to make sure that Roe v. Wade is challenged and defeated."
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, £ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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Public Interest or Public Best Interest, 2002.
A study of the topic of what is the 'best public interest' compared to 'public interest' and the role of the public administrator.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper shows the difficulty the public administrator is faced with when deciding what is the ?public interest? or ?public best interest? and that sometimes the administrator has to make decisions based on the community ?best? interests or the ?objective control of administration?. Sections of the paper include: Pluralists and the Public Administrator, The Public as Consumers, The Public as Represented, The Public as Client and the Public as Citizen.
From the Paper
"Other examples can be commercials. If a child sees cereal with a toy in it, he/she will beg and cry until the mother buys the cereal. The mother may know this is not the ?best interest? of the child because it lacks important vitamins or may be full of sugar. The commercial has placed value on knowing children will see the commercial and will talk their parents into buying it. The interest of the children is met, but not the ?best? interest of the children."
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The Social Movement of Abortion, 2001.
Discusses abortion within the view of social movements.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 11 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversial topic of abortion. The author discusses how the U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade sparked a great deal of debate over the issue, and the formation of many interest groups including religious pro-life groups such as Priests for Life. The paper also looks at the societal reasons behind abortion.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion was started way before Roe V. Wade, but has never seen intensity like it has in today?s society. With the increase of interest groups the social movement of abortion moves on still today. There may be no neutral answer or compromise to the abortion debate, but with the help of well-run and well-intentioned interest groups society can come to a peaceful understanding of abortion."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses both sides of the abortion debate.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. In this article, the writer includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The essay evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed its campaign on the personhood and the rights of the unborn fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed its issue as a campaign for women's rights to privacy and reproductive freedom. The writer concludes that both pro- and anti-abortion factions have a common interest in seeing a society with no abortion, where the stigma and economic concerns attached to unwanted pregnancies no longer apply.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Anti-Abortion Arguments
Pro-Abortion Arguments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"All these scientific arguments about fetal heart rates and brainwaves serve to tie abortion to a greater and more clear-cut moral issue - murder. At issue is what Ronald Dworkin terms people's belief in "the sanctity of life," a multidimensional value measured in several factors. First, life itself has an instrumental value, because everyone's life can contribute to the interests and well being of society as a whole. Second, life has a personal value, a good or personal worth to the living individual. Finally, beyond the instrumental and personal, life also has an intrinsic value. This intrinsic value exists independently of other people's valuation, regardless of the beliefs of its possessor or other observers."
"By proving that a fetus has a heartbeat, distinct DNA and brainwaves, through graphic films showing how a fetus reacts to shock and pain, the anti-abortion camp is focusing on what Dworkin identifies as the intrinsic value of life."
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Post-Abortion, 2005.
This paper discusses abortion, especially the post abortion period, from the aspects of the Christian church.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the view of the church, abortion is possibly one of the most vivid instances of a circumstance where something is legitimate in this contemporary period but is viewed as committing a sin against God. The author points out that the Church declares that the victims of abortion are both the woman and her child because the demise of a child is one of the severest moments of strain a person can bear in life; therefore post-abortion syndrome is the emotional trauma of not lamenting and not allowing oneself to experience the agony and suffering that goes with the bereavement. The paper states that the Law of God divulges the sin of both partners and they feel at fault and immense grief, the church controls individuals who persistently experience the saddle of the sin of abortion by repeatedly indicating them to the cross of their Lord Jesus.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Church on Abortion
Church on Psychological and Physical Post-Abortion Sequelae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, in case of some women, the strain post-abortion is linked with eating problems like overindulgence in eating, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa. Abortion is connected with greater depression, aggressive conduct, alcohol and drug abuse, and surrogate pregnancies, and lower maternal linkage with children who are born thereafter. These causes are strongly linked with child abuse and will seem to corroborate stray clinical evaluations connecting post-abortion pain with subsequent child abuse. It has been seen that post-abortion couples have increased chances of divorcing or undergoing separation. Several post-abortion women develop an increased problem forming long-term relationships with a male partner."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the sociology of abortion and looks at abortion rights among women.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the subject of abortion requires exploration into multiple moral, social and religious values. The writer points out that some may argue that abortion also requires an exploration of political views and legal perspectives, as the concept and subject is often shaped by multiple dynamics including those in the political realm. This paper reviews the subject of abortion from a sociological standpoint, arguing that women should be allowed the right to an abortion. The writer concludes that a woman's right to an abortion should be upheld and that women should be afforded the opportunity to make the decision they feel is best for them and their family when it comes to their body and their privacy.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Problem
Discussion Present Situation
Opinion
Conclusions and Summary
References
From the Paper
"The subject of abortion is one that has long been argued among politicians, sociologists, humanists and citizens. Controversial because it involves one's definitions of life and values as a human, the subject of abortion is one that legal analysts have reviewed over decades. Ultimately however, the subject of abortion is one that rests on a woman's right to privacy. As a woman's "right" to privacy is a right upheld by the law, one can only assume that a woman should be guaranteed that right under the law. Because abortion involves one's personal decisions affecting their bodies, it is important that sociologists, psychologists and legal analysts avoid applying political idealisms to the subject of abortion, and rather consider the subject of abortion based on value systems and beliefs."
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Abortion Policies, 2002.
This paper examines the changing nature of abortion law in the United States from the 1960s to 2003.
2,091 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper studies the state-based laws that restricted abortion from the 1960s to the 1970s. The second part then examines how the women’s movement and reproductive rights supporters successfully challenged these state-based laws with the passing of Roe vs. Wade. It also studies how reproductive rights groups have successfully used "Roe vs. Wade" and Constitutional Law to protect abortion and reproductive rights. The third part of the paper focuses on the anti-abortion groups. Particular attention is given to their shift from noisy “shaming” campaigns and protests to legal arguments regarding fetal rights. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. In the conclusion, this paper assesses the future of reproductive rights, in the face of the many legal challenges being mounted by anti-abortion groups.
From the Paper
"In 1973, through the landmark case of Roe vs. Wade, the Supreme Court made first trimester abortions legal in the United States. The decision struck down a host of state anti-abortion statutes and was hailed as a landmark of women?s reproductive rights. It also gave birth to a vocal umbrella movement of anti-abortion groups that continue to challenge Roe vs. Wade both on moral and legal grounds. Almost three decades later, the issue of abortion remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. More than any other moral issue, the question of abortion has divided communities, determined the outcome of many elections and incited quiet citizens to become activists."
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Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An indepth exploration of both sides of the abortion debate.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
Almost three decades after the landmark 1973 Roe vs. Wade case legalizing abortion in America, the issue remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin?s ?sanctity of life? principles. By ?abortion,? this paper includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of ?convenience? to abortions in cases of rape and incest. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed their issue as a campaign for women?s reproductive rights. Finally, the paper examines the approach of a minority of women, activists from both camps who are working to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-abortion factions.
By presenting both sides, this paper argues that because of current societal structures that make unwanted pregnancy more likely to happen and its consequences more difficult to assume, abortion must remain an option, a ?necessary evil.? Both pro- and anti-abortion factions, however, must work towards their common ground ? a society where abortions are no longer necessary.
From the Paper
"Despite the legality of abortion and its importance to women?s rights, anti-abortion activists have successfully curtailed several pro-choice gains. More important, the ?pro-life? camp?s appeals to a higher moral law have successfully placed pro-choice advocates on the defensive.
However, pro-choice advocates also frame their stand on morality. Forcing a woman to continue and unwelcome pregnancy is ultimately harmful to the mother and the child. The creation of unwanted and uncared-for children has a two-fold effect of limiting a woman?s potential for both the present and future motherhood. As Roiphe states, becoming a mother is a crucial choice and its imposition makes women into ?slaves of their biology? (142)."
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Abortion, 2003.
An overview of abortion, followed by a discussion of abortion in the U.S., France and China.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues concerning abortion including the stance of pro-life and pro-choice supporters. It looks at the debate over whether induced abortions should be permitted, encouraged, or severely repressed and how it has been a social issue that has divided theologians, philosophers and legislators for centuries. It analyzes the laws, practices and attitudes towards abortion in three different cultures, in the U.S., France and China.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion in the United States has largely been a focus on the morality of the practice; in many developing nations of the world, though, the debate centers on the mother?s right to survive in a harsh environment herself. For instance, the United Nations Population Fund reported in 2000 that worldwide, 350 million couples do not have access to safe and effective contraceptive methods, and millions of couples lack even the most basic information about birth control. That report stated that about 175 million unwanted pregnancies occur each year, about 20 percent of those end up in unsafe abortions, and more than half a million women per year die as a consequence (The Global War for Public Health, 2002, p. 24)."
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The Abortion Clinic Shootings, 2002.
An analysis of the article "The Abortion Clinic Shootings: Why?" by Randall Terry discussing the underlying reasons behind people being shot at abortion clinics.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Terry's views that "Abortion is Murder" and how he sympathizes with the lawless anti-abortion activists. The paper details the author's suggestions for reducing violence against abortion providers and his assertion that abortion should be outlawed. The paper then explains both the pro-abortion and anti-abortion arguments and analyzes the article. The paper explains that Terry's article is an example of a "blame the victim" strategy, for he finds those who are the target of violence to be at fault for what happens to them. The paper shows how the author's stance is anti-democratic.
From the Paper
"Terry's logic in effect gives those who commit violence precisely what they want. They commit violence to end abortions, and Terry would stop the violence by ending abortions. It is clear that he sympathizes fully with those who commit violence even though at one point he does give lip-service to some criticism of them as taking the law into their own hands. Yet, his argument suggests that he does not believe this and that he believes the law is simply wrong. He points to the law allowing abortions as wrong and so as a law that should be thwarted, and he points to the law enforcement community as supporting an unjust law and so as a force that can also be opposed."
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Abortion Is Not a Legal Issue, 2006.
This paper focuses strictly on the physical standpoint of abortion, as opposed to the moral and legal aspects, in which the writer proves why abortion should not be allowed to exist.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper does not dwell on the moral, religious or legal platform of abortion, yet focuses on the debatable issue from a strictly physical standpoint. This paper defines abortion as the knowing destruction of the life of an unborn child or the intentional expulsion or removal of an unborn child from the womb. This paper discusses the pros and cons regarding the availability of the RU-486 abortion pill as well as other abortion procedures. The RU-486 pill, which can be used within the first eight weeks of pregnancy, is a milestone to the abortion coalition. This paper examines the argument surrounding the viability of an unborn fetus in which the generally accepted rule for viability is around 28 weeks.
From the Paper
"Cases have been reported of babies born four months premature, and weighing only one pound, nine ounces, surviving. If the abortion advocates could see what was being murdered they may not take it so lightly. For example, Cheryl Kondroski was 21 weeks pregnant when it was discovered that her baby had a very serious heart problem. After further testing showed that there was absolutely no chance of the baby even surviving the pregnancy, the decision was made to terminate the pregnancy. Labor was induced, and the little boy was born. Cheryl and the father were allowed to hold the baby. He was approximately 8 ? inches long and weighed a little over 1? pounds. Cheryl said, "His ears were still glued to his head. His eyes were shut, but his mouth was open. Everything, even fingernails and hair on his face, was there." Can anyone see this experience and still say that because this child could not survive on its own it was not a real child? Absolutely not."
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Legalization of Abortion, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of abortion and argues in favor of legal abortion.
2,582 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that an abortion is the termination of a pregnancy associated with the death of an embryo or a fetus. The writer discusses issues related to abortion and argues that women have the right to have the abortion procedure done in a healthy and safe manner, pointing out that if a woman wants an abortion badly enough, she will find a way to do it whether the method is safe or unsafe. The writer concludes that the legalization of abortion has saved many lives because abortions are now performed in safe environments and this is reason enough alone to make the procedure legal.
From the Paper
"Unwanted pregnancy can result in a horrible life for the child in question. Many people who don't want children and are forced to have them end up being horrible, abusive parents. Why should society hold the burden of forcing a woman to bring an unwanted child into the world? Many cases have occurred where an unwanted child is born and then abused by his parents and therefore ends up living in foster care until he is old enough to get out. It is so ironic that because of society, many unwanted children were born and as a result, these children have become society's problems, but when it comes to taking care of these children who were forced into life, society does not do much to take care of them. How can people expect women to carry the burden of having a child against her will and then when she finally does give birth, tells her to go ahead and live with it? Was it her choice to carry this baby to term? Shouldn't those forcing her to have the child do everything necessary to make sure this child grows up in a safe
environment? Technically, it was not her choice to have the child, so why should she have to hold the burden to raise it, and why should this innocent baby fall victim to a life full of resentment from his mother?"
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