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Abortion in Three Cultures Today, 2004.
A comprehensive analysis of abortion in the United States, France, and China today.
2,171 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a scholarly overview and discussion of abortion, as well as the moral and legal issues that surround it, followed by a discussion of abortion in the U.S., France, and China. A summary of the research and predictions for the future are provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Abortion continues to be one of the most widely debated ethical issues of our time. On one side of this emotional issue are the "pro-choice" advocates. These are individuals who favor a woman's reproductive rights which by extension would include the right to choose to have an abortion. On the other side are the pro-life supporters, who oppose abortion except in extreme circumstances, such as when the mother's life would be threatened by carrying a pregnancy to term. At one end of this ethical spectrum are pro-choice defenders who believe the fetus is only a potential human being until it is viable. Up to this point, according to this view, the fetus has no legal rights; the rights ultimately belong to the woman carrying the fetus who can decide whether or not to bring the pregnancy to full term. At the other end of the spectrum are pro-life supporters who believe the fetus is a human being from the time of conception. As such, the fetus has the legal right to life from the moment the egg and sperm unite. Between these positions is the entire spectrum of the ethical and political positions concerning abortion around the world."
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The Issue of Abortion and Abortion Law, 2001.
This paper examines the issues of abortion and abortion law
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 20 sources, £ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various aspects of abortion and abortion law such as social and ethical concerns as well as the law, and more specifically concerned to that of women's rights.
From the paper:
"While medical science is making abortion much safer for the woman, the debates and the legal battles continue unabated. In the United States, the battles rage in the courts, the Congress and state legislatures. There have even been violent confrontations in the clinics where abortions are performed. There are people in favor of giving the woman the right to abort, and people who are not prepared to allow abortion except when it puts the life of the mother in danger. In between these two extreme positions, we have people taking intermediate positions."
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Abortion Movements in the U.S. today, 2000.
This paper analyzes both pro-life and pro-choice stances on the abortion issue.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at both stances on the abortion issue: pro life and pro choice, defines what a movement is in terms of discourses, ideologies and practices, and concludes that movements are essential in today's society.
From the Paper
"Abortion is one of the most controversial and talked about topics of our time. It is discussed in classrooms, work places and even on the Internet. Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in or closely followed by the death of an embryo or fetus. This definition includes accidental abortion such as, miscarriage and stillbirths. But this is not what is being debated. People want to know if abortion is ethical, if the fetus can feel pain, and when it is more human than non-human. These questions are very difficult to answer and may never be answered in our lifetime. But one thing we as humans do know is that we have opinions, ranging from completely anti abortion (pro-life) to completely for abortion (pro-choice), and anywhere in the wide spectrum in between. Abortion is a movement that was erected almost 40 years ago. This movement has been very controversial over the years; the main reason being that it is something that there is virtually no in between. You either are, or you are not. Both movements, (pro-life and pro-choice) have been one of the most controversial movements in a political presents. The opposition feels that pro-choice does not mean Pro-abortion, it is the right in choosing whether to reproduce, adopt, or abort. It is every human being's right to make there own decisions, and so it is a woman's right to make the choices that affect her life as she sees morally right. It is a woman's right to choose what she does with her body and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. As you can see, there are two sides of this movement that are constantly looking for contradictions in what other believes."
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The History of Abortion, 2005.
A comprehensive history of abortion from its roots until today.
4,200 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 29 sources, APA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper follows the history of abortion through the ages. It begins with a definition of abortion and then begins tracing the story of abortion from colonial times in the United States until modern day. The paper covers many aspects of the controversial abortion debate, including the impact of the medical community on popular opinion, the famous 1973 Roe vs. Wade case, and subsequent cases. The paper examines the views of anti-abortion and pro-abortion lobbies in the United States and how this conflict has come to symbolize a lack of common social values ground in American society.
From the Paper
"Abortion policy in the United States dates back to colonial America, where society was relatively absent of scorn and legal condemnation towards women seeking abortions. Midwives routinely provided women with the medical means to induce abortions, or assisted them with the procedure. The colonists based their legal discretion on English common law. Although abortion did not receive widespread moral acceptance in the colonies, it was not considered criminal if performed prior to the "quickening" of the fetus. Quickening was said to occur with the first detectable movements of the fetus, around the fifth month of pregnancy. Colonial courts upheld this view, with few exceptions, throughout the first half of the 19th century: "Almost all . . . mid-century courts that considered the question also understood the common law to tolerate pre-quickening abortions" (Judges, p.98)"
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Abortion, 2001.
An essay on the pros and cons of abortion today.
5,285 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 91.95
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Abstract
This research paper, "An Examination of Abortion in the 21st Century," provides an exhaustive review of the literature regarding abortion today. The paper offers a pros and cons analysis of the issues involved and concludes that the pro-choice advocates are the more desirable of two divisive schools of thought. The paper looks at the social, ethical, religious and legal arguments for and against abortion.
From the Paper
"Perhaps as no other, abortion is a divisive issue which has caused an enormous amount of heated, emotional and sometimes violent debate in America. According to Black?s Law Dictionary, ?abortion? is ?the spontaneous or artificially induced expulsion of an embryo or fetus. As used in legal context, usually refers to induced abortion.? Many pro-choice advocates consider the issue of abortion as merely an extension of the struggle for women?s rights which began in the early 19th century in the United States."
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Abortion Decision Making, 1999.
Examines the cultural constraints on the ability of Hispanic, Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian women in the U.S. to make decisions on having an abortion.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This research examines cultural constraints influencing decisions by women in relation to abortion. A focus of this examination is on such cultural constraints that apply to women who are members of specific ethnic population groups in the United States, with a special emphasis on women whose ethnic origins are Hispanic, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian.
From the Paper
"A COMPARISON OF CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE ABILITY OF WOMEN TO MAKE DECISIONS ON ABORTION AMONG HISPANIC, MIDDLE EASTERN, AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research examines cultural constraints influencing decisions by women in relation to abortion. A focus of this examination is on such cultural constraints that apply to women who are members of specific ethnic population groups in the United States, with a special emphasis on women whose ethnic origins are Hispanic, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian.
Culture and Behavior
Culture may be described as the ideals, values, norms, and assumptions about life that are widely shared among a group of people. While these traits may not be apparent to persons ..."
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Post-Abortion, 2005.
This paper discusses abortion, especially the post abortion period, from the aspects of the Christian church.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the view of the church, abortion is possibly one of the most vivid instances of a circumstance where something is legitimate in this contemporary period but is viewed as committing a sin against God. The author points out that the Church declares that the victims of abortion are both the woman and her child because the demise of a child is one of the severest moments of strain a person can bear in life; therefore post-abortion syndrome is the emotional trauma of not lamenting and not allowing oneself to experience the agony and suffering that goes with the bereavement. The paper states that the Law of God divulges the sin of both partners and they feel at fault and immense grief, the church controls individuals who persistently experience the saddle of the sin of abortion by repeatedly indicating them to the cross of their Lord Jesus.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Church on Abortion
Church on Psychological and Physical Post-Abortion Sequelae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, in case of some women, the strain post-abortion is linked with eating problems like overindulgence in eating, bulimia, and anorexia nervosa. Abortion is connected with greater depression, aggressive conduct, alcohol and drug abuse, and surrogate pregnancies, and lower maternal linkage with children who are born thereafter. These causes are strongly linked with child abuse and will seem to corroborate stray clinical evaluations connecting post-abortion pain with subsequent child abuse. It has been seen that post-abortion couples have increased chances of divorcing or undergoing separation. Several post-abortion women develop an increased problem forming long-term relationships with a male partner."
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Ethics and Abortion, 2002.
An indepth exploration of both sides of the abortion debate.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
Almost three decades after the landmark 1973 Roe vs. Wade case legalizing abortion in America, the issue remains the greatest moral flashpoint facing America today. This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin?s ?sanctity of life? principles. By ?abortion,? this paper includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of ?convenience? to abortions in cases of rape and incest. It evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed their campaign on the personhood and the rights of the fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed their issue as a campaign for women?s reproductive rights. Finally, the paper examines the approach of a minority of women, activists from both camps who are working to bridge the gap between pro- and anti-abortion factions.
By presenting both sides, this paper argues that because of current societal structures that make unwanted pregnancy more likely to happen and its consequences more difficult to assume, abortion must remain an option, a ?necessary evil.? Both pro- and anti-abortion factions, however, must work towards their common ground ? a society where abortions are no longer necessary.
From the Paper
"Despite the legality of abortion and its importance to women?s rights, anti-abortion activists have successfully curtailed several pro-choice gains. More important, the ?pro-life? camp?s appeals to a higher moral law have successfully placed pro-choice advocates on the defensive.
However, pro-choice advocates also frame their stand on morality. Forcing a woman to continue and unwelcome pregnancy is ultimately harmful to the mother and the child. The creation of unwanted and uncared-for children has a two-fold effect of limiting a woman?s potential for both the present and future motherhood. As Roiphe states, becoming a mother is a crucial choice and its imposition makes women into ?slaves of their biology? (142)."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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Abortion Rights, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the sociology of abortion and looks at abortion rights among women.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the subject of abortion requires exploration into multiple moral, social and religious values. The writer points out that some may argue that abortion also requires an exploration of political views and legal perspectives, as the concept and subject is often shaped by multiple dynamics including those in the political realm. This paper reviews the subject of abortion from a sociological standpoint, arguing that women should be allowed the right to an abortion. The writer concludes that a woman's right to an abortion should be upheld and that women should be afforded the opportunity to make the decision they feel is best for them and their family when it comes to their body and their privacy.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Problem
Discussion Present Situation
Opinion
Conclusions and Summary
References
From the Paper
"The subject of abortion is one that has long been argued among politicians, sociologists, humanists and citizens. Controversial because it involves one's definitions of life and values as a human, the subject of abortion is one that legal analysts have reviewed over decades. Ultimately however, the subject of abortion is one that rests on a woman's right to privacy. As a woman's "right" to privacy is a right upheld by the law, one can only assume that a woman should be guaranteed that right under the law. Because abortion involves one's personal decisions affecting their bodies, it is important that sociologists, psychologists and legal analysts avoid applying political idealisms to the subject of abortion, and rather consider the subject of abortion based on value systems and beliefs."
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Debating the Issue of Abortion, 2000.
The following research paper examines the abortion debate from 1896 until today, focusing on the anti-abortionists, pro-life activists and the right to have an abortion for personal or health reasons.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the different issues in the abortion debate. It covers both sides- pro-choice and pro-life. Although a conclusion is not made, the closing statement reads similar to the beginning. The issues surrounding abortion seem to be questions that must be answered by each individual searching his or her own heart and soul.
From the Paper
"Abortion has been, and probably always will be, a very controversial subject among people of all ages. There are many aspects of the controversy: morality, legality, and safety. Many people ask whether abortion is moral; they question whether it is right or wrong. Others ask whether a woman should be permitted by law to have an abortion and, if so, under what circumstances. There are two sides that directly oppose each other. People who are against abortion label themselves as being ?pro-life." Those who are for women?s choice concerning abortion are described as being ?pro-choice." Safety is another area of controversy. Many question the hazards involved with abortion- emotional and physical. With these three issues, the abortion controversy continues."
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Abortion and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses both sides of the abortion debate.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the underlying ethical arguments of both sides of the abortion debate, using Ronald Dworkin's "sanctity of life" principles. In this article, the writer includes all forms of abortion, from early fetal abortion through the RU46 drug to late-term abortions, from abortions out of "convenience" to abortions in cases of rape and incest. The essay evaluates how the anti-abortion crusade has framed its campaign on the personhood and the rights of the unborn fetus. The second part looks at the pro-abortion movement, which has framed its issue as a campaign for women's rights to privacy and reproductive freedom. The writer concludes that both pro- and anti-abortion factions have a common interest in seeing a society with no abortion, where the stigma and economic concerns attached to unwanted pregnancies no longer apply.
Outline:
Abortion and Ethics
Anti-Abortion Arguments
Pro-Abortion Arguments
Works Cited
From the Paper
"All these scientific arguments about fetal heart rates and brainwaves serve to tie abortion to a greater and more clear-cut moral issue - murder. At issue is what Ronald Dworkin terms people's belief in "the sanctity of life," a multidimensional value measured in several factors. First, life itself has an instrumental value, because everyone's life can contribute to the interests and well being of society as a whole. Second, life has a personal value, a good or personal worth to the living individual. Finally, beyond the instrumental and personal, life also has an intrinsic value. This intrinsic value exists independently of other people's valuation, regardless of the beliefs of its possessor or other observers."
"By proving that a fetus has a heartbeat, distinct DNA and brainwaves, through graphic films showing how a fetus reacts to shock and pain, the anti-abortion camp is focusing on what Dworkin identifies as the intrinsic value of life."
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Abortion, 2003.
An overview of abortion, followed by a discussion of abortion in the U.S., France and China.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues concerning abortion including the stance of pro-life and pro-choice supporters. It looks at the debate over whether induced abortions should be permitted, encouraged, or severely repressed and how it has been a social issue that has divided theologians, philosophers and legislators for centuries. It analyzes the laws, practices and attitudes towards abortion in three different cultures, in the U.S., France and China.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion in the United States has largely been a focus on the morality of the practice; in many developing nations of the world, though, the debate centers on the mother?s right to survive in a harsh environment herself. For instance, the United Nations Population Fund reported in 2000 that worldwide, 350 million couples do not have access to safe and effective contraceptive methods, and millions of couples lack even the most basic information about birth control. That report stated that about 175 million unwanted pregnancies occur each year, about 20 percent of those end up in unsafe abortions, and more than half a million women per year die as a consequence (The Global War for Public Health, 2002, p. 24)."
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The Abortion Clinic Shootings, 2002.
An analysis of the article "The Abortion Clinic Shootings: Why?" by Randall Terry discussing the underlying reasons behind people being shot at abortion clinics.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Terry's views that "Abortion is Murder" and how he sympathizes with the lawless anti-abortion activists. The paper details the author's suggestions for reducing violence against abortion providers and his assertion that abortion should be outlawed. The paper then explains both the pro-abortion and anti-abortion arguments and analyzes the article. The paper explains that Terry's article is an example of a "blame the victim" strategy, for he finds those who are the target of violence to be at fault for what happens to them. The paper shows how the author's stance is anti-democratic.
From the Paper
"Terry's logic in effect gives those who commit violence precisely what they want. They commit violence to end abortions, and Terry would stop the violence by ending abortions. It is clear that he sympathizes fully with those who commit violence even though at one point he does give lip-service to some criticism of them as taking the law into their own hands. Yet, his argument suggests that he does not believe this and that he believes the law is simply wrong. He points to the law allowing abortions as wrong and so as a law that should be thwarted, and he points to the law enforcement community as supporting an unjust law and so as a force that can also be opposed."
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