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"The American" and "The Custom of the Country", 2007.
An examination of social conflict in the novels "The American", by Henry James, and "The Custom of the Country", by Edith Wharton.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how Americans desire the social classes of Europe, while Europeans desire American money. The paper analyzes how this is represented in the social dramas of James and Wharton. The paper discusses how Henry James' novel suggests that even an American who covets and respects the sophistication of European nobility cannot buy his way into this sensibility, nor lose his American sheen. The paper further examines how, in Edith Wharton's novel, the crass, social-climbing heroine Undine Spragg's social aspirations triumph over the fake American aristocracy of her first husband Ralph Marvell, but Undine is vanquished by the 'real' European manifestation of class in the form of her second, French aristocratic husband.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the James novel, Newman is seen gazing at the pictures of the Paris Louvre, which he experiences as a kind of an attractive and beautiful marketplace of old European art curiosities and cultural majesty. Newman covets these offerings of Europe, much as a woman might covet objects of commerce in a store, but the culture of Europe, although it can be experienced visually or aurally by an American in a museum or by listening to an opera, cannot be purchased like an American object made in a factory."
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Cross-Cultural Communications, 2007.
This paper provides a research report on the business practices and customs of Japan.
1,864 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at various customs and practices that are present in Japan. The writer demonstrates that in many ways such customs and business practices are different from those in America. The writer points out that when negotiating in Japan, it is best to observe a highly deferential communication style, as opposed to a confrontational style. Further, the writer explains that debate and an open show of disharmony will make a negotiator seem rude, rather than dominant or skillful. In this essay, the writer discusses different types of communication and presents an overview of Japanese styles and customs.
Outline:
Communication Style and Preference
Formal/Informal
Linguistic Differences
Language Barriers and Interpretation
Nonverbal Communication (body language, eye contact, space)
Structure of Business Correspondence
Cultural Norms and Religious Influences
Organizational Structure of Businesses
Hierarchy & Leadership style
Individual or Group Orientation
Role of Women
Negotiation Process
Style and Phrases
Deadlines
Rules of Engagement
Family and Social Structure
Hospitality
Ethical Considerations
Legal and Government Considerations
Codes
Labor Regulations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The Japanese are likely to know that shaking hands rather than bowing is considered appropriate by Americans, but be prepared to bow, nonetheless. One lesser-known fact is that an American should avoid making the 'OK' sign, as in Japan it means money rather than affirmation. Pointing is simply considered rude."
"As in all nations with different nonverbal protocols, avoid using large hand signals, extremely animated facial expressions and dramatic movements that could be misinterpreted by one's host. Also, although the Japanese may be prepared for American communication differences, it is worth remembering that the Japanese do not talk with their hands and to do so with great animation could distract the Japanese, rather than prove an asset to communication."
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Exponential Population Growth, 2006.
A discussion regarding the effect of exponential population growth.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the impact that exponential population growth has on the world. The paper reviews the negative implications such as global warming and air pollution. The paper then discusses other relevant issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Environmental Effects
Health, Food and Education
Urbanization
Resources Issue and Sustainability
Alternate View
From the Paper
"The fact that the world population is rapidly approaching six billion and is having a detrimental impact upon the world's natural resources is now worrying the people at the helm of affairs. Both national and international policy makers worry whether the earth can sustain the rapid growth in population particularly in certain underdeveloped regions of the world. Depletion of natural resources through overuse and destruction of ecosystems by development and pollution seriously threaten the survival of the planet and so the issue of sustainability is raised. "Less developed countries will increase in population from 4.4 billion in 2000 to an estimated 7.7 billion in 2050 (according to UN projections). In contrast, populations of more developed countries are expected to remain around 1.2 billion, due to fertility levels near replacement levels. Even with some improvements in current technologies, the projected increase in developing countries will put severe strains on ecological and economic systems" (Recon, 2004). In order to ensure sustainability different policies need to be adopted. Stringent conservation of resources and reduced demand is one way of achieving environmental sustainability."
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Cohabitation, 2007.
An analysis of the social effects of the increased number of couples cohabiting outside the framework of marriage.
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons for the increase in cohabitation among unmarried couples. It bases its discussion on symbolic interactionism and constructionism. The paper looks at the statistics over the last few decades and discusses reasons for the rise in the number of cohabiting couples. It then discusses the social effects of the rise, particularly on the couples and children resulting from their union.
Table of Contents:
The Rise Of Cohabitation
Social Effects
From the Paper
"Research is still being conducted regarding the effects of cohabitation unions on children, especially since statistics show that at least two-fifths of children in the country live with their mother and one cohabitating father. Early research shows that children in such households may be disadvantaged in terms of family income, as cohabitating couples tend to earn less than their married counterparts (Bumpass and Lu 1999). These children are also more likely to undergo transitions in family structures (Ogden 2005). Parents and guardians need to take these needs into account to take care of their children's well-being."
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Leisure and Recreation, 2006.
This paper establishes a professional philosophy for the value of leisure and recreation.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whereas the Japanese have incorporated the importance of recreation and leisure into their national culture and identity, some Americans feel guilty about recreation and leisure activities because of a residual effect of the Puritan work ethic, which equates having fun with laziness. The author points out, by examining research studies, that recreation and leisure are important to every culture because they contribute positively to the individual, the community and the environment. The paper stresses that American society needs to change its definition of recreation and leisure from being activities that are "squeezed in" during moments of free time to being activities that are made a priority because of their numerous benefits.
Table of Contents:
Individual Benefits
Community Building
Environmental Benefits
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research by Iwaski, et. al. demonstrated that male and female managers in stressful positions who choose to make leisure a priority find that it becomes an invaluable coping tool. While there do appear to be gender differences in the types of activities selected, both men and women expressed that their recreation and leisure activities were critical to their physical and professional survival. And, although children have not yet entered the competitive corporate world, a similar study by Caldwell et.al. found that middle school students who regularly participated in positive recreation and leisure activities found that they became more efficient and better focused, more aware of their community, and perhaps less likely to participate in substance use and abuse."
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Sri Venkateswara Temple, 2007.
This paper discusses and describes the Hindu temple called the Sri Venkateswara Temple in Bridgewater, New Jersey.
1,159 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of religion and tolerance, like racism, has always been a contentious one in the United States. This is particularly true of the non-Western, non-mainstream religions, such as Hinduism and other Indian religious directions. The writer then looks at the Sri Venkateswara Temple, that is also known as the Balaji Mandir and which functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. The writer concludes that the temple has provided a focus not only for the Hindu community in the area, but also for the education of Westerners in the area.
From the Paper
"The Sri Venkateswara Temple is also known as the Balaji Mandir and functions as both a Hindu Temple and a Cultural Society serving the Hindu people in the area. There arose a need for such a temple in the Bridgewater area during the 1980s. One reason is that this period saw a significant increase in the Hindu Indian population in the area. In addition to the fact that this community experienced the need for worship services and cultural connections, was also the fact that many of these people were employed by the professional sector. They therefore had significant funds to contribute toward a project of establishing a worship community and building a temple. As mentioned above, the parental concern for retaining their children's awareness of their cultural roots also played a role in the need for establishing a temple. The first step towards attaining this goal was to buy land on which a temple could be built."
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Low-Income Workers, 2006.
A discussion regarding low-income workers and 'Nickel and Dimed' by Barbara Ehrenreich.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of low-income workers, said to be - victims of growing prosperity in the USA. The paper reviews Barbara Ehrenreich's book 'Nickel and Dimed' which discusses this subject. According to the paper, Ehrenreich's makes a convincing case against America's self-proclaimed democratic status when it calls the country a "dictatorship" where low-wage workers "dwell in a place that is neither free nor in any way democratic".
From the Paper
"In response to severe workplace abuses witnessed by immigrants at the turn of the 20th century prompted the federal government to take some serious steps. This included the passing of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA). This and other applicable regulations were meant to ensure healthy working conditions and better wages for workers. However over the years, several violations of the provisions of FLSA have surfaced including the violations connected with record keeping. Section 11a of the legislation requires employers to maintain a record of wages, hours and other conditions at the workplace or factories. These records serve as an important tool for checking if any violations of FLSA took place and to ensure that FLSA is properly followed. However the reasons violations of record keeping are rampant is because of a lack of monetary penalties in case of violation. "
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Australian Aboriginal Children's Service, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study service provision to Australian Aboriginal children under the age of six years old with intellectual disability.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that social work in Australia, specifically in relation to intellectually disabled children under the age of six years old, is an area of services provision that yet has to achieve its maximum potential. The author points out that the proposed study design will be interpretive in nature utilizing a questionnaire for data collection, which will be coded, grouped and tabulated for analysis. The paper relates that the research will be used to identify specific unmet needs and for developmental planning to meet these needs, which is critical in Australia. The paper includes a figure and several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Identification of Stakeholders
Literature Review
Figure: Unmet Needs of Intellectually Disabled Children and Their Families
Methodology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One type of intellectual disability is related in the work entitled: "The Too-Hard Basket: Education for People who are Deafblind". The authors, Bidenko and James states that there are more than 70 known causes of deaf-blindness, with each cause brining a unique set of needs for the individual. Unfortunately, it is also related that the provision of education of children who are congenitally deaf-blind in Australia, can over the past 2 or 3 decades, be compared with that prior to 1750, of people who were deaf. Another problem that is noted in the country of Australia is the fact that approximately one in four parents was informed of their child's diagnosis by the time their child was three years old. Half the parents had been informed by the time their child was four and a half."
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Filial Piety, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of filial piety among East Asian cultures.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that in many Asian cultures, loyalty plays an extremely important part in all areas of life. This is particularly true in professional and family life. As such, the writer explains that certain roles have been determined not only for the different professions, but also for the genders and their roles in family life. As part of the loyalty paradigm, filial piety is an East Asian tradition that has shown a tenacity above all others. The writer points out that this tradition focuses on the family, and particularly upon children and how they should treat their parents. The writer discusses that with the mixture of various cultures often resulting from globalization however, there has been a shift in focus from the importance of honoring and caring for parents towards a more Westernized, exploratory spirit among the East Asian youth. The writer then notes that the cultural evolution in these nations provides evidence of the changing values resulting from this change of viewpoint.
From the Paper
"According to Kyu-taik Sung, for example, industrialization and urbanization have brought about a change in filial piety that is less based on constrictive rules than on affection and reciprocity. While honoring parents during their role in the young child's life and caring for them during old age are still seen as extremely important, this importance is now based upon a different set of values. Filial piety is no longer a value that is inherently a parental right, regardless of how children were treated. Instead, evolution has proved that reciprocal respect and affection are more effective as a basis of filial piety. It is also however important to note that the importance and form of the basic tradition has not change. Parents are acknowledged for their role in the young child's life by being cared for in their old age. In this way, children traditionally show their love and appreciation for the effort that the parents made during their lives. This is however a simplified and very general view. East Asian countries, like the rest of the world, are exposed to Westernized television and values. These values necessarily communicate themselves to impressionable youthful minds, and are subsequently often manifest in rebellious behavior that had previously been unheard of."
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Australian Cultures, 2006.
A discussion regarding the indigenous and non-indigenous cultures of Australia.
2,259 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the interaction between the indigenous and the non-indigenous cultures of Australia. The paper explores both populations and their cultures and draws comparisons. The paper then examines the method by which the cultures interact.
Outline:
Introduction
The Integration
Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is little wonder that there are animosities between the two groups(Thomson, 2005). One of the attempts being made to integrate the two cultures is through the use of education(Thomson, 2005). Through education the playing field can be leveled on both sides(Thomson, 2005). The non indigenous will learn about the indigenous groups and be able to better understand the cultures and traditions of that group while the indigenous will be better equipped to deal with the modern world and all that it entails(Thomson, 2005)."
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Women in Somalia, 2007.
A look at the status of women in Somalia, with a special focus on legal protections for women's rights today.
3,089 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role that women have played in building and keeping peace in Somalia. It looks at whether the participation of women in the peace process leads to greater social recognition of women's rights. It also examines which factors can become obstacles to the greater participation of women in peace-building and decision-making. It then looks at how women's organizations have participated in the peace-making and peace-building process. Special emphasis is given to the unconventional methods that Somali women have used to influence political policies, such as the utilization of kinship and personal connections and other methods of advocacy. In the conclusion, this paper examines whether these roles in peace-building have resulted in the greater participation of women in public life.
Outline:
Women's Status in Somalia
Conflict and Somali women
Women's Role in Peace-Building
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Somalia is not a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). There is also a distinct lack of legal instruments protecting the rights of women. For example, there are no minimum age laws concerning marriage, and young girls are routinely married off to much older men. There are no laws against spousal rape. Furthermore, while laws against rape do exist, they are difficult to enforce. In 2005, for example, there were no officially reports of rape in Somalia. However, many non-government organizations have reported rapes committed by police and militia. Also, as rapes occur in inter-clan conflicts, many rape victims are said to be refugees displaced due to civil war or members of minority clans (US Department of State)."
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Native-American Family Culture, 2007.
This paper explores Native-American culture, focusing on family life.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer presents an examination of family life with a focus on the Native-American community. The writer explores child rearing, parenting, moral training, infant care and other aspects of the Native-American culture and presents it in a cohesive fashion. The writer notes that the Native-American population continues to blend its foundation with American life to create a situation in which they can live cohesively while not forgetting who they are and where they came from. The writer concludes that as Americans become more tolerant of equal genders and get further away from corporal punishment of children the American culture will become more similar to the Native-American culture, and perhaps learn from a people that has maintained their integrity through almost constant assault.
From the Paper
"The concept of family is important in almost every culture in the world. How one raises children, treats children and support children is instrumental in any culture. Native Americans have struggled for many years to maintain their individual culture and tradition in a world that has spent 200 years trying to strip it away. One of the more difficult elements of maintaining that culture has been in the area of family. Family traditions, and Native American culture have clashed with modern America and the result for many has been confusion, depression and anger as children and teenagers rebel against their parent's wishes. While this is common in almost all family cultures the Native American culture also wrestles with prejudice and bias against their ways. Today, many Native Americans are striving to raise their children with respect for modern ways while still maintaining the traditions of their heritage."
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Mountain Villages in Nepal, 2007.
An exploration of the rich culture of the mountain villages of Nepal.
3,984 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how one of the most fascinating cultures to be found in the entire annals of anthropology is that of the mountain villages of Nepal. It examines the various issues of this culture and setting in comparison and contrast to those of other parts of the world. The paper concludes that cultures of all levels of development can peacefully coexist and contribute to one another, if only we will allow it to happen.
Outline:
Abstract
Who are the People of the Mountains of Nepal?
Ethnography
An Overview of Familial Structures and Bonds
Status Symbols in the Mountains of Nepal
Gender Roles
Restrictions to Sexual Access
Marriage in Nepalese Culture
Mating Patterns in Culture
Proliferation of the Members of a Culture
Other Factors that Stifle Cultural Development
Procreation in Nepal's Mountain Villages
Modern Threats to Nepalese Culture
Summary
From the Paper
"In order to be able to fully discuss and understand the many aspects of the social, economic and familial customs of the mountain dwellers of Nepal, it is extremely useful to first consider a demographic profile of the Nepalese people. Nepal is a relatively small nation, located in Asia with such huge and powerful neighbors as China. While Nepal is influenced somewhat by the influence of other cultures and its geographic neighbors, in many respects, the mountain villages of Nepal have remained the same as they were thousands of years ago. Many of the agricultural techniques and tools that are used today have not changed to any degree since the Stone Age. These simple people have been able to remain loyal to their roots and traditions and still survive despite many of the changes in other parts of the world."
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African Culture, 2006.
This paper explores the question, as discussed by several authorities, as to why the culture of Africa is not valued.
3,205 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Africans, in particular, have been isolated from the global intellectual and scholarly community and therefore are believed not to have a culture of value to the world. The author points out one viewpoint that white domination and prejudice have effectively blocked African writers and poets from expressing their rebuttals to the Western scholarship, which holds a negative opinion of African affairs. The paper states that the problem of representing Africa in literature and history relates to the field of anthropology, where the concept of the "colonial behavior pattern", held by many anthropologists, has not been helpful in telling the real story of Africa. The paper includes many embedded quotations.
From the Paper
"For example, English historian Hugh Trevor-Roper, in a BBC radio lecture, made the claim that Africa had no history and that there was "nothing to be found in Africa" other than "...unrewarding gyrations of barbarous tribes in picturesque but irrelevant corners of the globe." This racist diatribe was replied to by Kenvan Ali Mazrui, according to Schipper's article, because "there had been enough history of barbarians and savages" and it was time for a new take on African history."
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