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The Han Dynasty, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from about 200 B.C. to about 220 A.D.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes Chinese history. The paper takes a look at the Han Dynasty, focusing specifically on the tombs of the time, especially the Mawangdui tomb. According to the paper, cave like tombs were as important to the Chinese as the Pyramids were to ancient Egyptians. Imperial Chinese families were buried in the royal tombs, along with many items necessary for a happy life after death. The paper discusses how the Han Dynasty created some of the most remarkable Chinese burial tombs, and created the great trade route known as the Silk Road, which greatly aided China and Asia in world trade.
From the Paper
"Two of the tombs contained numerous fragments and entire pieces of silk material, which are some of the first silk remnants found in China. Cang's wife was found wrapped in eighteen layers of fine silk, while there were numerous silk manuscripts found in all the tombs. The excavation is the oldest known in China, and so indicates the first silk findings in the country's history. They indicate early silk was exceptionally light, delicate, and beautiful, but under the right conditions, it survived thousands of years. Most people associate silk with garments and even home decor, but the finds in the Mawangdui indicate silk had another very important use in preserving Chinese culture. Scholars used silk as a writing medium, and bound the delicate silk pages into books. Over 30 of these books were unearthed in the Mawangdui tombs, and they indicate the level of learning and scholarly discourse during the zenith of the Han Dynasty. Archaeologists also found maps painted on silk, and silk T-shaped wall hangings depicting life and culture during the Han Dynasty (Doar). Thus, the Mawangdui tombs represent one of the most important excavations in Chinese history, especially when it comes to the significance of silk in the culture and society."
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Globalization, 2006.
A review of globalization as a homogenizing process.
4,438 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to identify what forces are driving globalization today. The paper discusses how these forces have affected other countries. The paper further discusses the current and future trends in globalization.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
The Influence of Americanization, McDonaldization and Globalization to Date
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to some analysts, the technological innovations that have emerged in recent years take are largely taken for granted in the West have the potential for affecting the quality of life for billions of people in the emerging nations of the world, but that it is ethnocentric to assume that everyone will want these innovations or that they will have the same effect on all peoples. For example, Choudhury and Cui (2003) point to the increasing globalization of the world's marketplaces wherein more businesses are crossing national boundaries to produce and market their products in other countries. In this regard, Knight and Cavusgil (2004) suggest that the first trend toward the globalization of the world's markets has been a process that involves countless enterprises in international sourcing, production, and marketing as well as the emergence of various cross-border alliances designed to improve product development and distribution. "
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'Brave New World', 2006.
A review of the book 'Brave New World' by Aldous Huxley.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Aldous Huxley's book, 'Brave New World'. According to the paper, 'Brave New World' contains some criticism of the social order of Huxley's time but gains its greatest power by projecting the customs and trends of his own time into the future. The paper also discusses how the book notes the scientific trends in Huxley's time and applies them and their natural offspring to the society of the future.
From the Paper
"One might assume that love was also a positive emotion, but love contains the possibility of negative elements and personal pain, so love is another emotion that must be eliminated in this controlled society. In the novel as in love, love often comes unbidden, and this is what occurs between Bernard and Lenina (the inherent criticism of socialism is evident in the names Bernard Marx and Lenina). Because of the society in which they live, the two do not immediately recognize their feelings for one another as love. Lenina has had a sense of need for something in her life for some time before she meets Bernard, and even this unformed feeling is criticized by her friend."
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Christopher Columbus, 2006.
A review of Christopher Columbus, from his own personal perspective.
1,684 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the life of Christopher Columbus, as he himself saw it, and recorded it in his journal. In this conception, Columbus was a man who embarked upon his mission with the intention of exploiting the native populace of the Americas for pure profit, or worse, to carry the white, European man's burden by colonizing the native residents and rightful owners of the land.
From the Paper
"Upon his return from his first voyage Columbus stresses, not the mercantile reasons for the voyage, but the sense of personal investiture the King of Spain felt in the exploration, and his sorrow for the losses experienced by the crew: "On hearing the news, the king wept, showing great sorrow at our disaster." (92) To the king, Columbus portrays the native populace he meets with, not as brutal savages but almost as residents of a paradise before the Fall of Adam and Eve: "I assure your Highness there is in my opinion no better people nor no better land in the world...Both men and women go naked as their mothers bore them but your Highness must believe me when I say that their behavior towards one another is very good and their king keeps marvelous state." (92) The reference to the native king keeping a marvelous state reinforces the idea that these people are not savages, that these native have a government, and a form of government that a European monarch like Ferdinand would consider the most civilized--a government headed by a king kept in good state and treated with respect by his subjects."
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Technological Determinism, 2006.
Reflections of Marshall McLuhan's technological determinism theory.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the evolution of human societies and the influence of technology in shaping the social (world) order, is captured best through Marshall McLuhan's technological determinism theory. This paper demonstrates how McLuhan's theory has influenced and served as a mirror to the radical changes occurring in today's human cultures.
From the Paper
"McLuhan's description of the future culture of the society cannot be any more specific than what we are witnessing today. With the presence of computer technologies, it has become possible for mass media to penetrate and reach people with the widest and most varied scope possible. Through the Internet and mobile technologies, it became possible to send/transmit messages to people, whether this message is in visual, audio, or audio-visual form. As a response to these cultural changes, society adapted by integrating these computer technologies in their everyday lives: keeping in touch with personal friends and family became easier through mobile phones, and using the computer anywhere is possible through notebooks and PDAs, among others. "
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The Modern Middle East, 2003.
A review of 'Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East' by Edmund Burke.
1,491 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Edmund Burke's book, 'Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East'. Burke's book consists of a collection of essays, documenting the life stories of peasants, villagers, pastoralists and urbanites.
From the Paper
"Defensive Modernization defines the transformation of the Arab political, cultural and social worlds. Artisan shops in the Bazaar were gradually replaced by factories and industrial complexes. Smokestacks and skyscrapers increasingly rivaled minarets in the Middle East's newly urbanized skyline. Eventually new Western forms of communication such as the telegraph and telephone, railroads, trucks and airplanes displaced human and animal transport. In the period after the end of the Second World War, when the Middle East finally threw off the burden of colonialism, defensive modernization became an essential part of new Arab states investiture into nationalism. Projects on a grand scale such as the Aswan Dam in Egypt, or the drive for modernism at a pace that overrode traditions in the Shah's Iran are all symptomatic of the concept."
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Sex in Development, 2006.
A review of the ideas of Stacey Leigh Pigg, a professor of anthropology and sociology, regarding sex and society.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Stacey Leigh Pigg writes that there is a distinction made between biology and beliefs about the body in international health, setting traditional cultural beliefs against scientific truth. According to the paper, Pigg argues that, although what is taking place in international health today is the process of replacing misconceptions with facts, there is also a lot more going on.
From the Paper
"The power to define what is normal is also the power to call anything that does not meet the criteria of normal a misconception and so something that must be made correct through the use of facts. In much of the world, the decision as to what is normal derives from religious prescription or from cultural tradition, while in the West, that decision is made on a scientific basis, which at some point is a matter of statistics, meaning that which is most common is likely to be identified as that which is normal. As Pigg notes, "The ability to claim privileged, rational access to 'reality' accrues to those most firmly connected with the longest and most stable network" (Pigg 61). In traditional societies, that role is often maintained by the religious leader or some similar arbiter of morality and rightness. "
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Dogs and Humans, 2007.
This paper discusses how the relationship between dogs and humans has evolved through history.
2,554 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the relationship between man and dogs from pre-historic to modern times. The paper first discusses recent discoveries that have disproved assumptions about the first domesticated dogs. The paper also explores the various functions dogs served in different cultures, from hunting, guarding and more recently as pets and companions. The paper includes a section on how dogs have been portrayed in literature. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
From the Paper
"Dogs also were valuable as sentries, and were important in transport, both for pack saddles in the Plains areas, and for dog-drawn sleds used by the Mandan in the north. The Plains Indians had a device called the "travois," Fiedel writes, which was made of two long poles attached at the dog's shoulders, "with the butt ends dragging behind the animal; midway, a ladder-like frame, or a hoop made of plaited thongs, was stretched between the poles, and could carry a load up to sixty pounds or more. "
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War, 2007.
This paper studies various works in order to examine the subject of war.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that a variety of artists and others have sought to encourage people to consider both the horror of war and whether a need for warfare actually exists. The writer notes that in her essay "Warfare: An Invention-Not a Biological Necessity," anthropologist Margaret Mead argues that waging war is a choice made by humans and not something innate to our species. The writer describes that in "The Man I Killed," Tim O'Brien communicates the effect of choosing warfare on one soldier. The writer also explains that Garry Trudeau, in his cartoon "Doonesbury", uses visuals to broaden the message and demonstrate the high number of soldiers who have endured the trauma of war. Further, the writer discusses a painting by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, that shows an image of warfare based on civil war in Spain that demonstrates the terrible toll war can take on non-combatants. The writer concludes that the four artists present war as both avoidable and terrible.
From the Paper
"Mead did not analyze any particular war. Rather, she demonstrated that warfare is an act that was invented by societies, not something necessary for human existence. By doing this, she argued that warfare was avoidable. She used the parallel of how trials developed through time in societies, evolving from barbaric practices to civil, logical proceedings. Through this analogy she suggests that war is barbaric and that societies should strive to find nonviolent ways to settle differences between countries and societies, just as societies have found civil ways to settle disputes between individuals or between individuals and the societies in which they live."
"Having established that warfare is only one way to settle differences, the other artists in this selection of examples demonstrate what it is that makes war barbaric. Tim O'Brien's story draws the reader into the mind of both the American soldier and the Vietnamese soldier he kills. We feel the horror of the American soldier, Tim, as he views the terrible damage done to the enemy soldier."
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African Art and Repatriation, 2007.
A debate over the importance of cultural repatriation of the Lega figure to the people of Congo.
715 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues surrounding cultural and artistic repatriation, which remains one of the most contentious debates within the international archaeological and artistic community. The paper specifically discusses the Lega figure and the arguments for and against its repatriation, for cultural reasons, to the people of Congo. The paper then draws a conclusion as to the best course of action to take, regarding this piece of work.
Table of Contents:
Basic Criteria For Repatriation
Argument In Favor Of The Return Of The Selected Object
Argument Against The Return Of The Selected Object
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, merely because using the Lega figure as teaching tools in museums to different nations of the world does not justify the cultural loss to the people of the Congo, who originated these works to be part of their religious tradition, not as artifacts to teach the nations who exerted colonial domination over their territories. Also, even if the Lega figures are individualistic, this does not take away from their ritual significance. Finally, the idea that Western art scholars only approved of the Lega after recognizing the individual component added by certain creators shows that the Lega remain judged by Western standards, and not by the indigenous standards of their local community--the repatriation and relocation of the works may be necessary so the world can be educated in the contextual significance of these figures as well as judged by Western standards."
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Woodland Indians, 2006.
A look at Woodland Indians and their culture.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the lives of Woodland Indians. According to the paper, the study of Woodland Indian culture is difficult, the reason being a lack of evidence. Many artifacts and remains were destroyed by amateurs lacking the skills to preserve the evidence. However, archaeologists were able to substantiate an entire society's way of life by tracking and analyzing how much chert was to be found in rocks and stream beds.
From the Paper
"They also left weapons, including; arrowheads, axes, spearheads and knives of many different shapes and sizes. A well trained archeologist would be able to glean much information from these artifacts if allowed to discover them in their context. The museum also displayed how the Woodland Indians played and hunted."
"One display showed how hunting was their main source for food and also supplied them with skins for clothing and bedding to keep them warm during the winter. That same display informed us that the Indians played many games, including lacrosse. There were some games that only the woman played, while the men also showed off their skills at archery and spear throwing. Dice was also popular, although they probably did not use the same type of manufactured dice that we use today. "
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Isaac Bashevis Singer, 2007.
An analysis of the novel "Enemies, A Love Story," and the short stories "Gimpel the Fool," and "The Gentleman from Cracow," by Isaac Bashevis Singer.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conflict between religion and worldliness, or between the pure and impure in three stories by Isaac Bashevis Singer. The paper examines how the difference between purity and impurity, or religion and worldliness, is quite apparent in these stories. The paper further discusses how Singer teaches his readers a lesson using charming characters, wit, and some tongue-in-cheek good humor. The writer concludes that reading these stories gives a glimpse into Jewish folk life, Jewish roots, and most of all, the feelings about purity and piety that endure in any and all religions.
From the Paper
"Gimpel is a victim, and yet, there is something about him that does not seem like a victim. He allows the people around him to take advantage of him, and he even revels in it. However, he is never pathetic. It is clear he has an inner core of strength and purity, and so, the reader admires his patience and courage. They also admire his wisdom, for he really is no fool at all. He says of his unhappy marriage, "But I'm the type that bears it and says nothing. What's one to do? Shoulders are from God, and burdens too" (Gimpel 11). Gimpel's patience comes from his pure and forgiving heart, and so he is a model of piety and purity. He is truly good, and that is why the people have to torment him so - they are not used to having such a good, decent person in their midst. They can only see the evil and negative in the world, and so they have to torment the goodness out of Gimpel, but they cannot."
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Sex Tourism in the Caribbean, 2007.
An analysis of the history and current conditions of the sex trade in Jamaica and Cuba.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sex trade in Jamaica and compares it to Cuba. It describes the history of the trade and the factors that influence it. The paper examines the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the trade, as well as the rise of men in the trade of prostitution. It also look into the participation of tourists in the demand for this service. Finally, the paper researches the conditions in which the women work and live, which women work within the strip clubs and brothels, the accompanying use of drugs, their health-care (specifically as to HIV and STD testing) and their chances of being arrested for their work choice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Background
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Kempadoo (2004) strives toward illumination of the inner working of the sex trade in the Caribbean as related to gender, sexuality, race and work and the economics of the sex industry. According to Kempadoo (2004) generally prostitution is viewed as violence toward women however Kempadoo challenges this accepted view holding that sex for money can be oppressive but in the lives of the women in the Caribbean it may also be a provider of a form of freedom. In the work "Global Sex Workers" the various authors use the term 'sex workers' very deliberately. The view held is that criminalization of prostitution is that it results in hurting the workers themselves instead of protecting them. The authors look at prostitution from an angle that looks at the deeper morals that exist within the inner-workings of the economics of prostitution and introduces the reader to the voice of the sex workers themselves. This work provides a candid view in the reality of prostitution in the Caribbean."
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Rwanda, 2006.
A review of the Rwandan Genocide and the role that the Christians played.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the blood-curdling episode of genocide in Rwanda, in which 800 000 people were murdered and million of others were left injured, maimed and homeless. The paper discusses how such a travesty could occur in a country that is supposedly the most Christian of all Christian countries.
From the Paper
"When people were being butchered mercilessly on the streets, the one question that emerged on the scene was connected with the Christianity of the country. What kind of Christians would go on this slaughter spree? Was the mission a failure as it was able to convert people but failed to instill the true Christian spirit? These were some important questions which were relevant since Rwanda is regarded as the most Christian of all African states with 80 to 90 percent of its population claiming to be following this faith. Christian work had started in early 1900s and by 1920 Roman Catholicism had spread into many parts of the country. The mission was considered highly successful when in 1930s, almost 1000 people were being baptized every week (Barrett 1992). The country officially became a Christian state in 19466 when most of its tribal heads had converted. (Gatwa 1995:5). "
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