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Herbert Spencer vs. Andrew Carnegie, 2007.
A comparison of the theories of Herbert Spencer and Andrew Carnegie regarding their views of social Darwinism.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of social Darwinism. It specifically discusses the philosophies of social Darwinism theorists, Herbert Spencer and Andrew Carnegie with regard to their views of social Darwinism. The paper details each of their theories and then compares them, particularly with regard to how they view the amassing of wealth.
From the Paper
"Carnegie stresses that the Gospel of Wealth is one that makes the amasser of such wealth completely and totally responsible for what he has created. After minimal accommodations to ensure that your most unprotected descendants are supported through your life and death, where he stresses helping wives and daughters the most and giving little if any nominal support to sons, who hold the social responsibility and ability of creating their own wealth in life and are often simply corrupted by freely given inheritance, the cream of the crop must dispense his surplus wealth himself, while he lives, on good works. The best possible social action of the successful Social Darwinist is to give what you have amassed through the wisdom that you have gained building said fortune. Spencer and Carnegie do not outright disagree, in the natural order determining the success and progress of man in these two works yet, Carnegie caries the idea to an extreme, making it the responsibility of those who have risen to the top to offer such opportunities to the new generation of people, who through natural selection will succeed the present. (Carnegie, 1889) (Spencer, 1857)"
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Islam, 2007.
A comparison of "Mass Higher Education and the Religious Imagination in Contemporary Arab Societies" by Dale Eickelman and "Between Text and Practice: Considerations in the Anthropological Study of Islam" by Roland Lukens-Bull.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two articles that examine Islam - "Mass Higher Education and the Religious Imagination in Contemporary Arab Societies" by Dale F. Eickelman and "Between Text and Practice: Considerations in the Anthropological Study of Islam" by Roland Lukens-Bull. The paper determines how the articles relate to each other with regard to the difficulty of trying to define "Islam".
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The two works of literature suggest similar anthropological events with regard to the evolution of the body and nature of Islam but use different approaches to explain the meaning of their texts. While Eikelman portrays the evolutionary changes in the understanding and meaning of Islam through the increased rate of higher education among Muslims, Lukens points to social desire to explain the changes, however, when one takes social desire into consideration the fact that many more Muslims than ever before are receiving higher educations it will likely have a significant impact on what the social desires amount to and those are the driving forces behind changes in the faith of Islam."
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Marriage and Long-Standing Relationships, 2007.
A comparison of marriage with other long-standing relationships and their implications for society.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the basic social institution of marriage and compares it to other long-standing relationships. The paper reviews literature that discusses the attempts to reduce marriage to only one among many forms of recognized and legalized relationships. It discusses the findings of these papers and the implications of these views for society.
From the Paper
"These major trends in law appear to be attempts to channel public law into an entirely new and authoritative framework "beyond conjugality (Cere 2000)." If they managed to make marriage as only one of many equally valid forms of close relationships, any kind of close relationship could be legally recognized and deserving of social support. The observation was that, recently, the most controversial subject in marriage law was not gay marriage but polyamory. Polymory is distinguished from polygamy. Polygamy means many marriages and polymory means many loves. A polyamorous relationship could consist in multiple-partner sexual relationships, whether in marriage or not. Advocates of polyamory advanced "ethical non-monogamy," which involved more than one person in an open, communicative and honest way. These advocates pushed for liberal religious traditions to recognize multiple-partner marriage (Cere)."
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Progressive Iranian Youth, 2007.
An analysis of the social revolution by the progressive youth in Iran.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to explore the "new revolution" among the youth of Iran in order to come to a comprehensive understanding of the reality of the Iranian situation. It discusses some of the numerous variables influencing the complex society of Iran, including the revolt and the demographics of the population. The paper looks at the signs of change and indications of the refusal by the majority of young people to accept the mores and norms of formal Iranian society and discusses how this is changing the face of Iran.
Table of Contents:
Introduction and Overview
The Evolution of Revolt
The New Revolution and the Progressive Youth
From the Paper
"Opinion polls conducted in the country indicate that the vast majority of Iranians are in favor of reform. There is a growing belief that change in the country is inevitable and that the desire for reform, especially among the youth, cannot be halted. "One reformist academic, who asked not to be named, believes the longer hardliners block reforms and fail to ease the social restrictions of the Islamic state, the more problems they are storing up." (Judah T.) The suggested inevitability of this reform is linked as well to the growing number of well-educated young people in the country. On the one hand a well educated young population is an important asset for Iran, on the other hands "... it also poses a risk if economic and political reforms do not provide them with better opportunities." (Youth shapes Iran's economy)"
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Family Ecology, 2007.
A discussion regarding the epistemology of family ecology.
2,359 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the epistemology of family ecology and discusses what it means. According to the paper, the family is considered the basic unit of the society and is where a person acquires his/her basic characteristics and habits. The paper goes on to discuss what constitutes a 'family' and how this relates to society and societal norms.
From the Paper
"How the family performs in its maintenance function depends primarily on its income. The rich has the luxuries and has beyond what is needed to suffice their sustenance, the poor could hardly survive. The community wherein the family resides has a big role in this function. If the family is residing in a crowded and highly urbanized area, and the family members are less educated and capable to compete with the professionals, they would become poorer. But, if proper education is attained and there is less competition, it is easier to get a good job and supply the needs of the family members."
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African Development Initiatives, 2007.
This paper discusses the often disastrous development of African countries in light of the ideas of anthropologist James Ferguson.
2,686 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the spread of globalization and the increasing disparity between the haves and the have-nots, especially in the international scale. The paper looks at the current Zambian Copperbelt area as an example. The paper discusses the assertions of James Ferguson who blames the colonists, the government and those in power for the continued suffering African countries experience as a result of development initiatives. The paper concludes that citizens of Africa must realize that through their own power, ambition and initiative they can become members of the worldwide 'developed' country fraternity.
From the Paper
"It seems as if the key word in the business world today is 'globalization', with worldwide business ventures, partnerships and conglomerations being formed on a daily basis. As these events take place, the business industry, as well as the public, is able to discern a wider disparity between the haves and the have nots. This disparity is noticeable on the local community level, as well as nationally, and can be especially noticed on the international scale, with entire countries succumbing to a 'developmental' mindset. Such a way of thinking can lead some countries to a financial position that, instead of being 'developed', can mean huge amounts of debt and an infrastructure that can often be likened to a deck of cards."
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Mexican-Americans, 2007.
A look at the history of Mexicans in California.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the life and history of Mexicans living in California. According to the paper, a large number of immigrant Mexicans lived in "barrios" where the conditions were unsanitary and the crime rate high. The paper takes a look at how these conditions prevailed, and how life for Mexicans living in the USA, eventually improved.
From the Paper
"Much did not change for the Mexicans from the 1940s to 1960s, with discrimination and segregation continuing to be the norm. Many school districts continued to send children to Mexican schools, based on the theory that the students were such slow learners they would hold back white student levels. In 1944, the parents of nine-year-old Sylvia Mendez' moved to the largely non-Hispanic white community of Westminster in Orange County and tried unsuccessfully to enroll her in the neighborhood school. This school was a source of community pride and the ramshackle Mexican school was located adjacent to a dairy farm (Hayes-Bautista, 2004, p. 24). Her father won the case, but only by a loophole."
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Community Development, 2007.
A discussion regarding community development and the merging of resources.
1,923 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses how communities develop. According to the paper, this development is dependant on the partnership of neighborhood communities who agree to share and/or combine resources. The paper reviews various related challenges and uses the five lenses analysis structure to discuss the main challenges present in such an educational setup.
Outline:
Introduction
5 Lenses Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As mentioned in the very first factor: Formality, the success of the partnership will be dependent upon the formation of strong and trusting association amongst the contributors within a partnership. Also the benefit will lie with partnerships that will built upon already familiar ground as it will help the acceleration of the process and purpose of the partnership as the trust and confidence amongst the contributors will be built a lot more quickly. Also, when one leading agency will take control of representing the partnership to the international organizations and make the contractual agreements and take control of the incentives to increase the members, that is when the structural functionality will be done along more aware and knowledgeable lines (Dotterweich, 2006). "
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Food around the World, 2007.
This paper discusses food and eating behavior in different places around the world.
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that every country on planet earth has its unique culture and traditions. The writer points out that people living in different countries have different lifestyles and so their food and eating behavior differs and sets it apart from others. Some countries have become popular because of their food and eating traditions like India, Italy, Thailand or even Turkey. The writer discusses that food traditions in each country are influenced by its religions as well as its past history. The paper describes the traditional foods and mealtimes of the countries mentioned. The writer then concludes that it is these differences that make people relish the uniqueness of food and culture all over the world.
Outline:
Turkey
Thailand
Italy
India
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Soups, eggs, olives, fish and bread can be considered staple items in Turkish food. Vegetables are also used extensively in the diet and most of the foods is preferably cooked and served in olive oil as the country has been well known for olive oil production. Meat is grilled, skewered and roasted while breads are baked upon an overturned griddle known as sac. Other than these 'Yogurt' is typically a Turkish item which became a staple item world wide as it reached outside the country during the Ottoman occupation."
"In breakfast Turkish people use different types of cheese, sausages, jam, eggs and olives while the main beverage is tea. Lunches in the most of Turkey are not elaborate and consist of stews, soup, salads and meat. Meat is generally lamb or fish. The meat is usually grilled and eaten with different sausages. The dinner in Turkish traditions is more detailed starting with appetizers followed by main course and deserts. Special preparations are made for dinner as the families get the chance to eat dinner together. In Turkey, Appetizer is also known as mezeler. Mezeler is purely Turkish delight and different items and different variations are available. Different restaurants also offer different special items as appetizers."
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Trinidad Carnival, 2007.
This paper looks at the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival and how it reflects the history of these two islands.
2,564 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, which is celebrated the week before Ashe Wednesday every year and is among the largest and most popular in the world. The paper notes that, according to the Trinidad and Tobago official website, this annual event is unrivaled in the world. Rich in history and a reflection of its history, the Carnival continues to evolve to the present day. The paper points out that, as a symbol of freedom, and a celebration of freedom from slavery, the Trinidad and Tobago Carnivals are significant to the islands because they represent a celebration of freedom that is deeply rooted in the culture of the nation. However the Carnival is not merely a celebration but also an outlet for commentary on the important issues affecting Trinidad. The writer concludes that today, the Carnival is a subject of controversy, and that will not change in the future, as the Carnival's very inception celebrates freedom, while challenging the norms of its day.
From the Paper
"Racial tensions were still prevalent as the Carnival celebrators maintained as sense of their African heritage. A key event in 1881 illustrates the tension as a new commander, Captain Baker, took over the police force to be tougher on the celebrations. During the popular Canboulay celebrations which celebrated the burning of the canes on slave plantations which would unite slaves after they put out the fires, the Carnival celebrators carried torches through the streets against Baker's wishes. Rioters then clashed with police and despite the violence the Carnival continued. They then mocked the police in future celebrations as tensions between the authorities and those celebrating would continue throughout the 19th century. Ultimately, the Trinidad Carnival was influenced by its history as a slave plantation island and the social and racial tensions would contribute to the practice of Carnival. Even after emancipation, the issues of slavery and racism were still being expressed and celebrated and maintained a presence in Carnival parades and masquerades."
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Hip-Hop, 2007.
This paper discusses the social-cultural-musical phenomenon called Hip-Hop. circa 1965 to 1985.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the post-civil rights and black power groups, who witnessed so many radical social changes, provided the attitude and style that gave birth to Hip-Hop. The author points out that MCs (emcees), DJs (deejays), break dancing and graffiti art are considered to be the roots of the movement that empowered urban youths to use music, dance and other forms of artistic expression to describe life as they saw it. The paper stresses that, when listening to today's Hip-Hop and R&B, it is important to remember that many artists from the 1990s, who are still around, do not consider today's Hip-Hip as "tru Hip-Hop".
Table of Contents:
What is Hip-Hop?
Roots of Hip-Hop Culture
Creativity
Bling-Bling?
Wrapping It Up
From the Paper
"Depending on who was the first to be commercialized, one thing that will always be argued is that once Hip-Hop was made into a commodity it needed to be mass-produced. From the top, Hip-Hop artists would sign onto independent labels only because the owners were willing to take a risk. No major record label wanted to sign an artist who could only reach a certain group or community and when signing an artist, companies want to make sure that the artist would be able to sell records to all of America and not just the inner city suburbs."
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Nature of Family, 2007.
This paper analyzes the nature and status of family.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the dynamics of the family and the multifaceted nature of it provide the opportunity for a multidisciplinary approach to it. Further, the writer discusses that biology, anthropology, history, literature and psychology can all provide at least a limited view, that, if put together, create a more holistic vision of the family, as it has changed and evolved through time. The writer points out that each discipline has strengths and weaknesses with regard to identifying family dynamic and status. This work briefly addresses how the information from the sources can be integrated, or is incongruent. The writer also discusses what still needs to be learned to have a complete picture of the nature of families.
From the Paper
"This observation could be explained by communication differences or many environmental cues that are present in the human world but are not in the primate world, but many years of scientific observation of both primate and human lends credence to Smith's claim. Additionally, the literature piece 'A Long Days Journey into Night', as well as many other pieces of literature that discuss human maltreatment of children seem to effectively prove Smith's point. Smith's work is focused mainly on the biological and psychological aspects of child rearing but does not always have a great deal to say about the family in general, though one could apply some of the basics in the work to a broader understanding of how these elements, of great import interact to alter the nature of the family in a more general sense."
"In 'Our Babies, Ourselves Small' also focuses on the child rearing aspect of family, as is suggested by the name, but she does so from a multicultural perspective (ethnopediatrics), combining anthropology, pediatrics and child development disciplines to review extensive cross cultural research on child-rearing."
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Ancient Persia, 2007.
A review of the accounts of ancient historians, Herodotus and Xenophon, of the customs and culture of Ancient Persia from 490-425 BCE.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the life and customs of the Ancient Persians from 490-425 BCE. It describes their history according to the history recorded by the ancient historian, Herodotus. The paper then compares the account of Herodotus with that of another ancient historian, Xenophon. The paper concludes that the ancient Persians were a good and intelligent people; social, religious and interested in their society and how it was governed.
From the Paper
"What each of these works serves to do is to inform the modern historian and help to reconstruct the culture and life of the ancients. What we know when we bring together these vital pieces of historical observations and documents, is that the Persians were very much an open society. They were a society that embraced diversity, learned from the cultures that they welcomed into and amongst their own, and that, like the rest of the ancient world, held religious beliefs and put those beliefs into religious practice; but, as Herodotus noted, not so similar as did the rest of the world because they did not put the celebration into their worship of Zeus as did they the celebration of society."
"This does not mean that they were without faith, indeed they were very faithful, but their faith was one that encompassed the well being of society, they prayed for all Persians, rather than that which they wanted or needed for themselves."
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The Tanzanian Experience, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Tanzanian experience since independence and its implications for foreign policy strategies.
1,839 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Tanzanian experience since its independence to determine what "survival" foreign policy strategies represent the best chances for this and similarly situated developing countries during the present era of globalization. The paper further discusses relevant, peer-reviewed and scholarly literature as well as relevant governmental online resources.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Economic Status of Tanzania Today
Formulating Survival Foreign Policies
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The country's political ideology, then, as well as its foreign policy, have been largely influenced by the changing personal exigencies of its four presidential leaders since its independence in 1964, presidents Nyerere, Mwinyi, Mkapa and, since December 21, 2005 President Jakaya Kikwete (Tanzania, 2007). According to Saideman (2001), for the first time in the new country's history, President Nyerere enjoyed a mass-based, non-ethnic political structure that meant he was not compelled nor constrained by the ethnic composition of his constituency, particularly as it related to the crafting of foreign policy: "Thus, Nyerere's ability to develop a foreign policy suggests that political competition, or its absence, is a critical factor in foreign policymaking" (p. 76). This lack of timely public debate concerning the pressing issues facing the country suggests that these leaders formulated foreign policy according to personal whim rather than the needs of their country, and the effect of this turbulent past has been significant. Today, Tanzania remains one of the poorest countries in the world today with a number of challenges and obstacles confronting it, and these issues are discussed further below."
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