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Environmental Factors and Human Activity, 2008.
This paper compares Ronald Wright's "A Short History of Progress" and Jared Diamond "Guns, Germs and Steel".
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper compares how Ronald Wright in "A Short History of Progress" and Jared Diamond in "Guns, Germs and Steel" approach the issue of human civilization and its interaction with the environment. The paper argues that while both authors place a heavy emphasis upon environmental factors in determining the history of human civilization, Diamond's consideration of cultural factors in addition to purely environmental factors renders his analysis the more valid of the two.
From the Paper
"Both Wright and Diamond, in their respective texts, attempt to address the question of why the history of human civilization has unfolded in the manner that it has, and what has been the role of the environment in this process. Wright's perspective on this question is to challenge the emphasis many scholars place on technology in explaining why some human societies succeeded in dominating others. He argues that we "should be wary of technological determinism" (Wright 47) and that human civilization "differing in detail but alike in essentials, had evolved independently on both sides of the earth" (Wright 51). There is an old saying that the "devil is in the details" and this certainly applies to Wright's argument here for it was precisely these differences in "details" that explain why European states were able to conquer their non-European counterparts in a remarkably short span of time."
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Asian American Health Care, 2008.
This paper discusses nursing and health care as it relates to the Asian-American population.
1,938 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that historically the Asian-American population has experienced significant conflict with the health care system because of differences in culture, language and ideas on the delivery of health care. The writer points out that this conflict is evident using Leininger's trans-cultural model for nursing. The writer maintains that the research indicates that the Asian-American population has experienced a difficult existence in relation to health care. This existence has been complicated by barriers in language, understanding of the health care delivery system, communication and through the lack of cultural training that exists in the health care community. The writer concludes that in order to change the current dilemma it is evident that education of the health care community, as well as within the Asian community must commence. When this occurs then nurses will be able to provide quality care to this culture and ensure that the health concerns of this population are addressed.
Outline:
Introduction
Asian Cultural Group
Nutrition
Health Beliefs
Specific Health Concerns
Management of Health Care
Chinese Traditional Medicine
Conflict Between Asian Culture and U.S. Health Care
Cultural Assessment Theory: Leininger
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In relation to health, most Asian Americans use Western medical practices. However, many of these individuals also rely on Chinese Traditional Medicine as a corresponding health maintenance regime. For those Asian Americans that do practice Chinese Traditional Medicine as part of their health maintenance, the nutritional guidelines that they follow are based on a medical prescription for good health, allowing the flow of Qi to cease being restricted. Yet, those Asian Americans that do not practice Chinese Medicine have diets that severely affect their health. This is especially true within the lives of poor Asian Americans in large urban areas."
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Japanese and American Business Dealings, 2008.
An analysis of the different emphasis placed on business dealings between American and Japanese businessmen.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different approaches and focuses of American and Japanese businessmen during business negotiations. It particularly explores the emphasis the Japanese place upon fostering "harmony" in business dealings and how they perceive the business meeting between two sides as not a time for further negotiation, but as an opportunity for both sides to express their commitment to the deal brokered. It then discusses how these different focuses can affect business relations between the two parties.
From the Paper
"To close, the preceding several pages have outlined how it may be possible for an American firm to negotiate in good faith with a Japanese company, secure valued concessions - and, ultimately, lose the deal or the cherished business relationship. Quite simply, the Japanese view business meetings and business arrangements in a way that is markedly different from the way Americans view them, and any U.S. firm which places bottom-line considerations before the building of personal and professional relationships is setting itself up for failure."
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Community, 2008.
A discussion of the cause and effect of the development of communities in Canada.
1,723 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of community for individuals. It particularly focuses on the establishment of communities within cities throughout Canadian history. It looks at the different types of communities and the effects that they have on people's lives. It then discusses the pattern of development of communities in general and in Canada specifically.
From the Paper
"Above all else, immigrants have created community in Canadian cities. "Canada is a county of immigrants. Hiller (2005, p. 118) states that "About 13 million immigrants arrived in this country in the twentieth century". Immigrants have produced very important effects on Canadian cities especially in terms of economic integration and improving the economy. As well as immigrants, other racial and ethnic groups have moved into cities. Some of these such as aboriginal youth would not be expected by all people to build community, but they produce a very positive effect on the city. Community is something that is created, and close ties can be either maintained or created at all levels of society."
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Darwin and Religion, 2008.
An analysis of the role of religion in the controversy surrounding Darwin's theories in the nineteenth century.
1,711 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how during the nineteenth century there was controversy surrounding Darwin's publication of "On the Origin of Species". It looks at how his arguments were so contrary to mainstream religious thought that, although they were quickly incorporated into the scientific corpus, the religious community and the lay public has had a more difficult time accepting Darwin's thesis.
From the Paper
"The scientific importance of Darwin's ideas, thus, was not without precedent. Other scholars had suggested similar explanations for speciation. What differentiated Darwin was the incredible wealth of observations and experimental evidence that he amassed in order to demonstrate the validity of his theory (McGowen 21). Despite this evidence, the explanation generated controversy almost from the start. Some of this controversy unquestionably came from the scientific community, which would have debated and argued the finer points of Darwin's work to determine its worthiness as an explanation for natural phenomenon."
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Community Economic Development, 2007.
An examination of impact models as educational devices in
community economic development initiatives.
1,388 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an empirical economic impact model based on market research at the community and municipality level. The writer discusses the belief that communities and municipalities require effective economic impact models in order to adequately build and estimate budgets as well as to plan for future development needs. The writer proposes a community based cooperative action program that emphasizes a three component economic analysis model.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impact Model Applicability
Economic Impact Analysis
Economic Impact Component
Community Impact Component
Fiscal Impact Component
Three Phase Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The contemporary economic climate ensures that communities require ready and immediate access to information that allows them to respond more effectively to economic volatility. Community leaders as well as citizens within the community constantly are required to make decisions that impact various aspects of the community, such as business growth, dimensions of traditional industry activities, land use issues, and a host of other common community concerns (Gibbs 18). The growing observation is that all these issues and more also impact the overall economic indicators within communities as well which consist of employment/unemployment concerns, income issues such as poverty or affordable housing, or the demand for expanded public services. In researching these issues it becomes vital to identify the particular issue or problem which allows both the researcher and the community leader the ability to better address such issues specifically (Green, et al 6). Thus, developing effective economic models relies on cooperation between both researcher and, in effect, the researched."
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Global Problems Facing Feminism, 2007.
A discussion about moving towards a transnational feminist movement.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the gap between theoretical feminism and practical feminist activities. It looks at how a global movement needs to change male attitudes and how whole social systems need to be understood. The writer suggests that the examination of case studies could help create a number of workable models, separate from mere ideology, oriented towards raising women's basic status, reducing women's suffering, and seeing that women come to be appreciated as equal citizens, across the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Essential Consultation
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Western countries offer much familiarity with the women's movement and topics of feminism as can be said of the educated classes in the non-Western world. However, on a global scale, the gains of feminism have been quite low, as should inspire interest in a global movement towards public education, legal and social reform, so that all citizens are at least aware of the ideal of gender equality. The United Nations and various non-governmental organizations have long discussed the imperatives of women's rights and gender equality. Many Westerners fail to see the degree of sexism to non-Western societies in extreme class gaps, deep poverty and general suffering affecting women, and less activity in making women aware of their rights, as comes to being seen as rather a luxury under such circumstances. Unfortunately, Western feminists can seem to avoid such realities though they are essential to the building of a bona fide transnational feminist campaign."
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Literature and Community, 2008.
An analysis of the interactions between literature and community within the context of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King," as well as within the context of modern Canadian literature and culture.
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a community generates literature that reflects its own attitudes and values and how literature simultaneously moulds community, and reflects it. It consider these interacting influences within the context of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King," as well as within the context of modern Canadian literature and culture. The paper also discusses this in the context of the writer's own experience of cultural community.
From the Paper
"One of these distinctly Canadian discourses may be said to be the discourse of sport, and particularly of hockey. As one theorist put it, "The rituals of sport engage more people in a shared experience than any other institution or cultural activity today." (Varda Burstyn, The Rites of Men, quoted in Coakley and Donnelly, 1) Watching hockey together has become a symbolic action that unites Canadians. Interestingly, sport as a component of ideology and community building is highlighted in John B. Lee's poetry collection, The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition. Lee succeeds in making clear a significant aspect of Canadian hockey-related mythology, albeit one that is primarily white and male."
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Polynesian Culture, 2005.
A discussion of the historical and cultural development of the Maori ta moko.
1,684 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines some of the basic cultural forces that drove the original ta moko designs. The writer further discusses its recent resurgence among modern Maori. It explains the highly ritualized process of traditional ta moko incisions. The paper suggests that the use of ta moko among the Maori can be explained in terms of a need to establish a strong cultural marker.
From the Paper
"The Maori Ta Moko: Historical and Cultural Development
Few cultural practices possess the immediate recognition and visual authority of the Maori ta moko. The ta moko is the unique and elaborate body tattoos that Maori traditionally receive. Both men and women receive the tattoos, notably on their faces where the intricate patterns can be quite striking and even intimidating."
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Honor Killings, 2005.
An examination of honor killings in Pakistan.
1,339 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the problem of honor killings and looks at the history of honor killings in Pakistan. The paper then explains that the establishment and strict enforcement of laws protecting women from this kind of abuse and violence, as well as the cultural pressure to make change, are the basic approaches to rid the world of this kind of murder.
From the Paper
"Women throughout the world have long suffered at the hands of their husbands, fathers, and other male relatives. Why would a father, husband, or brother kill his daughter, wife, or sister? In some parts of the world, including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Uganda, and many countries in the Middle East, when a woman's family believes that her behavior has threatened the "family honor," killing her is seen as the only alternative . The practice of "honor killing", which is the murder of a (generally) female relative who is perceived to have brought dishonor to the family (which can be defined in terms as broad as looking at a man in a sexual manner, adultery, refusing a marriage proposal, refusing to have sex, or even being raped) by a male member of the family, has the highest level of reported incidence in the nation of Pakistan."
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Mythic Histories, 2008.
This paper provides a critical analysis of 'Pocahontas' by Paula Gunn Allen and 'The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita' by John Thornton.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores how, in "Pocahontas", Allen imbues her narrative representation of the life of Pocahontas with the qualities of the sacred. The thesis is argued that Allen, in keeping with the hybrid nature of her subject and the overarching American myth within which her subject is a critical figure, achieves her objectives by combining the narrative conventions of Indian oral traditions and mythic elements together with western narrative models and an anthropological understanding of myth. The paper further explains that this hybrid approach, as is seen with comparative reference to the story of Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, allows access to the multiple cultural perspectives necessary to understand these otherwise elusive and complex historical figures. From this perspective the paper shows how important an appreciation of the reality of the mythic can be in the comprehension of such women as Pocahontas and Dona Beatriz who would otherwise be alien and opaque to our western secular modes of analysis.
Outline:
Introduction
The Reality of Myth
The Importance of Being Hybrid
From the Paper
"In the realm of the strictly empirical as opposed to the mythic, Allen's hybrid narrative model yields insights into our understanding of her subject and the events of her time that would not otherwise be apparent. Consider, for example, the story of the initial contact between John Smith and the tsenacommacah of which our primary narrative perspective is a text of Smith's written years afterwards. Smith believed - understandably from his English perspective - that the young Pocahontas must have fallen in love with him, as this was the only explanation he could discern for her flinging herself upon his to save him from ritual execution at the hands of her father."
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Salsa Music, 2008.
This paper discusses salsa music and Puerto Rican culture.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that the Puerto Rican people have a sense of their cultural heritage that sets them apart from other Latinos. One may hear the cultural music of Puerto Ricans, a style that the world has come to know as salsa. The writer notes that the notion of a pure Puerto Rican culture is an irony itself, however, and this can be understood from a brief consideration of salsa and its cultural representations and implications. The writer maintains that, as the music has become popular around the world, the move to bottle it and sell it has been carried out in much the same way that other colonialist movements have, with the United States recognizing a viable product to be mined in the minority culture and then sold to the world as a product for profit. The writer concludes that in this way salsa is not only characteristic of the relationship between the Puerto Rican people and the U.S., it is in some ways contributing to their ongoing exploitation.
From the Paper
"It is, in other words, a beautiful mongrel mix of different cultural influences just as the Puerto Rican people themselves come from the intermixing of native Taino Indians, Spanish colonizers, and African slaves. The fact that it is in no way Puro Puerto Ricano makes it no less special or globally important. It simply is to acknowledge that it is through the stewing and brewing of cultural influences that both salsa music and Puerto Rican heritage gain their magic."
"Of course, salsa is not only important for what it says about Puerto Rican specialness. It is also important for what it says about everything in daily life of Puerto Ricans - from gender and class roles to fashion to politics."
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AIDS in Africa, 2008.
This paper explores why Africa is one of the hardest hit areas in the worldwide AIDS epidemic.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that the prominence of HIV/AIDS in Africa may be explained by (1) the impoverished nature of Africa as a whole, which makes people more susceptible to infection, and (2) AIDS denialism, which makes people believe they are not at risk. The author points out that both of these factors can be connected to colonialism, which impoverished African countries and created a racist discourse of disease, and to neo-colonialism, which keeps African countries poor and is the target of AIDS denialism. The paper stresses that the only way to reduce AIDS in Africa is to deal with this legacy of colonialism and the current effects of neo-colonialism. The paper included many quotations.
From the Paper
"Many researchers have argued that attempts to link HIV/AIDS
to Africa had a basis in racist philosophies. ... This argument would seem to indicate that arguments about the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa being caused by environmental conditions in Africa are part of a racist discourse. In essence it is the continuation of the argument that there is something mentally/morally deficient with African people that has transformed the entire continent into a source for disease. If the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa can't be explained by environmental conditions then how can this phenomenon be explained?"
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The Contemporary Fine Art Markets, 2007.
This paper is an anthropological analysis of the contemporary fine art market based on Stuart Plattner's study, titled 'A Most Ingenious Paradox - the Market for Contemporary Fine Art' from "American Anthropologist".
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Plattner's article, 'A Most Ingenious Paradox - the Market for Contemporary Fine Art', reports trends in the North American contemporary fine arts markets and in the commodification of fine art that reflect a neo-liberal environment of considerable new wealth and the culture of consumerism. The author points out that Plattner's orientation is one of participant-observation; a person exposed directly to the phenomenon of local fine art businesses and those who produce for them. The paper concludes that the local fine art markets are well established and profitable and that its artifacts may indicate a great deal regarding consumer tastes and behavior.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
An Informal Ethnography
The Decline of Authority
Economic Anthropology and Fieldwork in Toronto
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Few consumers can know much of why one piece of fine art in a local venue costs more than another, as producers know that few seem to purchase with an eye to buying something to appreciate in value, as opposed to buying due to personal preference. In local and regional markets, the artists that Plattner refers to as identity producers can have an involved philosophy towards what they produce of which consumers need not know, featuring ideas of contributing to a total cultural heritage rather than pursuing artistic fame or monetary success."
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