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Administrative Policies to Fight Terrorism, 2008.
A discussion regarding the policies introduced by the US government in the fight against terror.
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, as a result of the tragic events of 9/11, the US government is attempting to reassure citizens of their safety by implementing additional laws and policies to curb terrorism. It continues with an analysis of articles written on this subject, concluding with the finding that a respectful partnership between law enforcement agencies and the public needs to be achieved.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is a problem that has always threatened democratic societies around the world. Events such as those on 9/11/2001 serve as a horrible reminder not only of collective political vulnerability, but also of individual mortality. The shock effect of the attacks therefore occurred on multiple levels. In its attempt to reassure citizens of their safety, the government has implemented additional laws and policies to curb terrorism. While this is a logical reaction to the culmination of the terrorist threat, one of the associated problems, according to Timothy Lynch (2002), is that the implemented laws and solutions have not been thoroughly enough investigated for their effectiveness. Indeed, these laws have been readily accepted by both government and citizens in a bid to reestablish a sense of security, often with detrimental consequences for constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms. Some critics therefore feel that policy changes should be implemented in the criminal justice system in order to more effectively counter the terrorism threat. These changes are to be based upon an investigation of current policies, their true level of effectiveness, and how they can be modified to more adequately serve their purpose within the context of a free society."
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Medical Marijuana, 2008.
A strong argument against the criminalization of medical marijuana.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper asserts that to a great degree, drug policy in America has been irrational, based more on fear than evidence. The paper presents research that proves that marijuana does have medicinal value and explains its many therapeutic uses. The paper contends that the federal government is so dedicated to its policy of marijuana prohibition that it ignores all evidence to the contrary, ignores the expressed will of the electorate and ignores all appeals in favor of protecting the policy, not the public. The paper argues that legislators and drug enforcers are not physicians and should not substitute their belief system for demonstrable scientific studies showing that medical marijuana does indeed benefit patients.
From the Paper
"To a great degree, drug policy in America has long been irrational, based more on fear than evidence. Drugs are targeted when someone perceives that they are a problem, and once they are listed as a controlled substance, the listing becomes a self-perpetuating phenomenon. All evidence to the contrary is dismissed. Marijuana is listed as a controlled substance and has been demonized as a pernicious evil ever since. Growing evidence of the health effects of marijuana for people suffering from certain maladies has not been sufficient to change federal policies, and the irrationality grows as some states have adopted laws allowing for the medical use of marijuana even as the federal government has refused to do so and has sought to criminalize the medical use of marijuana specifically."
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Influences in the Development of Modern Day Iraq, 2008.
The paper examines factors that influenced the development of modern day Iraq.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper examines historical, geographical and religious factors that influenced the development of modern day Iraq. The author contends that within the development of the state of Iraq there are two basic themes of historical continuity from ancient times to the present day: (1) creation and construction of the state (2) the process of economic and social development. Within these two themes there is a constant struggle to come together and to divide. The writer further states that Iraq has had a significant historical struggle with unity, as a result of many centuries of social, economic and political dominance of one group over another, be they ancient rulers or modern "secular" leaders. The paper goes on to examine aspects of that "historical struggle".
From the Paper
"From the more general theory, of geography and foreign interferance one must then discuss the ancient conflict between schools of the same faith, Sunni and Shi' Islam have been in constant struggle for power and representation over the years and to this day there is a clear sense that even modern representations of each of these schools are in a constant struggle to have their foundations build the nation and dominate the social and political arena. This point demonstrated well in the ebb and flow of history represented by Hourani, where he points out that the center of what became modern Iraq (Baghdad) is dominated by the Shi and to some degree still is, while the Sunni are frequently underrepresented and living on the fringes. (p. 35) The differences and similarities of these two faiths have driven them to different ends, and has frequently been the source of much conflict among even the most modern inhabitants of the nation, as it is reflected in a constant struggle to divide, and come together through representation and exclusion."
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Juvenile Perceptions on Capital Punishment, 2008.
This paper examines the perceptions of juveniles on capital punishment.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between race and capital punishment. Specifically the researcher explores the racial differences in attitudes toward capital punishment, focusing on juvenile opinions. The paper examines factors affecting views on capital punishment, arguments for and against, attitudes towards the death penalty and provides a review of the literature used in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature
What Predicts Death Penalty Support?
Arguments For and Against Death Penalty
Public Opinion and Attitudes
Death Penalty Attitudes of the Offender
Death Penalty Attitudes of Juveniles
Summary of the Literature
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Attitudes among juveniles regarding capital punishment are just as heated and challenging as they are among adults. While few studies directly explore the relationship between the death penalty and juveniles, there are reports provided by some empirical researchers suggesting by and large, the juvenile population is just as divided as the American people are on the issue. As noted in the introduction, the Death Penalty Information Center (2006) suggests at least 50% of all adults support the death penalty. However, the same group when offered other alternatives including the alternative of life without parole are likely to change their minds and their opinions of the death penalty. In ancient times, most people unequivocally supported the death penalty, as there were few resources available to conduct elaborate or even minimal burials to individuals that had committed crimes (Bedau & Cassell, 2004)."
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Global Warming, 2008.
A look at how global warming is affecting our world.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the consequences of climate change, particularly due to the elevated concentration of greenhouse gases. It mentions several studies including the work carried out by Al Gore.
From the Paper
"The consequences of climate change are more drastic than people expect. An increase in the average temperature on earth causes ice-cliffs and ice-shelves to melt in Antarctica, Alaska, and Greenland, sea levels to rise, unstable weather worldwide, and extinction of wildlife. The major factor affecting the earth's atmosphere is an elevated concentration of greenhouse gases. Humanity is the culprit causing huge emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which raises the concentration of greenhouse gases. Climate shift is recognized all over the world, but there is an ongoing dispute whether humans are responsible for global warming. On one side, we have some scientists and Bush administration who believes it is a myth aimed at hurting the U.S economy. However, on the other side we have the U.N. climate advocate Al Gore, activists, other scientists and many "common" people like me believing that in fact we are responsible for that turnaround. On February 16, 2005, the Kyoto protocol entered into the force advocating that there indeed is global warming. By December 2006, 141 countries singed the protocol and agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. The U.S refused to participate and dismissed the Kyoto protocol (Vendantam). This has created further conflict between the U.S and the rest of the world, and slowed down the process of saving our planet."
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Cultural relations in the Wake of 9/11, 2008.
This paper describes different schools of thought regarding cultural relations following the 9/11 attacks in the United States.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses relations between cultures, civilizations, ways of life and existing tensions following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. In particular, the author examines past research done by scholars such as Samuel Huntington, Telhami, Tarik Ali and Dr. Mathieu Guidere and Dr. Newton Howard all of whom, in his opinion, have interesting yet differing views on the subject. The writer then examines, discusses and compares the theories of each.
From the Paper
"There are interesting arguments from all parts and it is hard to advocate a single point of view. Huntington's perception is indeed appropriate but it lacks the precision of a scientific research; therefore his argument on the clash of civilization as the new causes for war is relatively vague. Telhami on the other hand makes an interesting point in the sense that his perspective is a useful tactics for the negotiation process. Nonetheless, the "supply and demand" technique cannot be implemented in in the conditions in which the two sides have not established contact, a situation most common in conflict environments. Tarik Ali's argument on a clash of fundamentalisms, although underlines the role of the extreme dimension of ideas, religions, cultures, and national identities, he places too much accent on the actual role of fundamentalist values for the coming conflicts."
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Toyota and Environmental Responsibility, 2008.
This paper describes the efforts of Toyota, a major industrial company, to reduce its environmental footprint and become more environmentally friendly.
2,068 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the response of a major manufacturing concern, Toyota, to the problems of global warming and the environment. The writer states that global warming has been established as a critical issue that has been engendered by years of pollution and abuse of the environment. This places particular emphasis and responsibility on modern industry to curb rates of carbon emissions affecting aspects such as global warming. The author examines Toyota's efforts to implement strategies and undertake projects to improve environmental issues and to reduce the impact of the industry on world pollution and climate change. The paper is extensively footnoted.
Outline:
Introduction and overview
Assessment
Communication and advertising
Design and Energy Efficiency
Summation and Conclusion
Summation and Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the aspects of Toyota's efforts that have been assessed in a positive light is the fact that the company has a comprehensive environmental management system. The company has developed an Environmental Committee chaired by the president of the company that oversees environmental issues. Training also forms an important component of the overall environment strategy and management process in the company. This training is intended to enable staff to implement the environmental management system and to ensure the dissemination of lessons and best practices on environmental evaluations. This training is also related to the 'Global Vision 2010'. This refers to an objective that will enable the company to become a world leader of global regeneration with the use of environmental technologies; which includes the reduction of the company's carbon footprint."
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The Real ID Act, 2008.
A discussion of the controversy around the Real ID Act, which was created after September 11 as a governmental measure for preventing future terrorist attacks.
1,503 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Real ID Act (RIDA), which was passed by Congress after the terrorist attacks of September 11, and which is expected to become effective in December, 2009. The author explains the reasons for setting up the Real ID Act and what will be required on the new national identification card. The author discusses the ongoing debate around it and the opposition by many of the states to it, due to its enormous funding costs and the increased risk of identity theft. The author concludes that it is unlikely that the Real ID Act will discourage terrorism, as terrorists will continue to find ways to obtain identification, and that its controversial nature will most likely preclude its implementation in all states by the end of 2009, at least in its current form.
From the Paper
"Enforcing the Real ID Act will eventually prove to be a real bureaucratic nightmare considering the amount of work that must be made to replace all existing cards. Besides, considering the creation of a national database and the documentation required for being issued a card, cardholders would be even more exposed to identity theft and their privacy can be threatened. The Real ID Act is regarded by many lawmakers as another one of the methods used by the American government to have greater control over individual freedom under the excuse of providing security. The Real ID Act is regarded as unnecessary and useless, time and money consuming. Based on these arguments, several states have already refused the implementation of the Real ID Act on their territory and in many other states there are pending bills regarding the non-implementation of the Act (Behreandt, 2007)."
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"Hills Like White Elephants", 2008.
An examination of the abortion symbolism and metaphors within the short story, "Hills Like White Elephants," written by Ernest Hemingway.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the short story, "Hills Like White Elephants," written by Ernest Hemingway, which features an intense conversation between a man and woman on the topic of her having an abortion. The paper shows how the events in the story clearly parallel many (if not all) aspects of the ongoing abortion debate today. The paper focuses on the abortion symbolism and metaphor within the story and discussion between the characters
From the Paper
"Now their conversation about the 'white elephant', given their opposite opinions of it, has hit a stalemate and both are grateful when the woman who has brought them drinks announces the train will soon arrive, giving the man an excuse just now to get up from their table and take the "two heavy bags" (Hemingway, "Hills Like White Elephants") [one perhaps symbolizing for him the woman; the other the 'white elephant'] of theirs across the station to the boarding area and out of their sight for a few minutes. Having done that, on the way back to their table (grabbing another quick drink alone at the bar) the man notices how "reasonable" everyone else looks as they wait for the train. But then as he rejoins his companion, even she claims to have cheered up. She insists (not very convincingly) that "There's nothing wrong with me. I feel fine" (Hemingway). If this is at all true on her part it may be because the hills appearing to her like white elephants, visible to both of them as they have sat waiting here at this train station, will soon be gone from their sight."
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Yucca Mountain, 2008.
An overview of the issues associated with the development of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada.
1,892 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of nuclear waste. The paper specifically discusses the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada and the opposition to the development of this project.
From the Paper
"Nuclear waste has been a growing problem since the spread of nuclear power plants in the 1950s and 1960s. The power plants rely on radioactive rods to generate nuclear power, and when the rods are spent, they are still highly radioactive, and must be stored somewhere. Currently, the spent rods are stored around the country in many different storage facilities, but for safety, the government wants to consolidate the storage in a remote facility built especially to handle large amounts of nuclear waste. While the idea sounds plausible, there have been numerous problems with the site chosen for the storage facility since its inception. "
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Is Green Here to Stay?, 2008.
A discussion on the "Green Movement" and its activities.
2,495 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the "Green Movement" encompasses the ideology of ecology, conservation, environmental concerns, the feminist movement, and peace movement and comments that if it sounds like the hippies of the 1960s grown up, it is probably at least partially true. The paper further notes that everything is going "green" from building materials to political parties and that the "green" ticket is the rallying cry for those that support environmentalism, sustainable living, nonviolence, and humanitarian concerns. In addition, the paper notes that actors and politicians alike endorse the green movement which has also invaded pop culture and appears to be here to stay, and that the conflict arises because we live in a consumer-oriented society. This research explores the green movement and its future.
From the Paper
"One of the key hallmarks of the green movement is that they will not allow trade-offs for any reason other than humanitarian. The Green movement places concern for the environment at the top of their list. It is difficult to argue their cause. Who in their right mind would not be concerned about destruction of the resources that we need to live on planet earth? Although one cannot question their key motives, some say that they take things too far."
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University Speech Codes, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of speech codes and free speech at universities.
1,093 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that curtailments on free speech are usually associated with the political right, but a recent trend toward the creation of speech codes on university campuses suggests that demands for such codes come from the political left. The writer discusses that the idea for such codes is that certain types of speech has an intimidating effect and damages the educational mission of the university. Such codes may be general or may contain specific terms or types of speech that are to be prohibited, with sanctions for their use. The writer points out that critics see this as just a form of censorship that does not belong in a university, where freedom of expression should be supported and promoted. Others insist that such codes are needed to protect the most vulnerable from verbal intimidation, though it is not always possible to demonstrate any damage from speech alone. The writer concludes that the arguments for these codes are largely based on a belief that some persons who are not part of the mainstream majority need special protection as they try to enter the mainstream through education, and opposition stems from the view that free speech should really be free, that demonstrating a real harm is not possible, and the speech codes go against the real purpose of the university.
From the Paper
"The ACLU has taken the stand that speech codes are wrong, and the organization has fought successfully against such codes at many universities. Most such battles have been at public universities, where the fight is easier because those universities are government entities and so prevented from engaging in censorship. The fight is now moving to private universities, where the burden is greater. This is noted by some engaged in a lawsuit against Stanford University in California, which, because it is a private institution ... "
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The Costs of Extraordinary Rendition, 2008.
An explanation of how foreign nationals, believed to be terrorists, are captured and transferred to other countries.
6,704 words (approx. 26.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the legal implications of extraordinary renditions and examines the practice within an historical and legal context. Specifically, the paper explores what arguments are used to support the practice, and how its continued use threatens the very fabric of legal democracy and rule of law in the United States and in the world. The paper contends that examining these issues is the most important first step we can take regarding extraordinary renditions; permitting the continued abuse and torture of individuals who have been convicted of no crime is entirely unacceptable.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Context of United States Renditions
9/11 and Intensification of Renditions
Legal Implications of Extraordinary Renditions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to secretly populate these CIA prisons--or black sites--with sus-pected terrorists, the Bush Administration employed a process known as ex-traordinary rendition. Extraordinary rendition amounts to kidnapping foreign na-tionals and delivering them into facilities under the jurisdiction of a third party (Weaver and Pallitto, 2006). It has been demonstrated that suspects transferred in such a fashion are quite often tortured for information and treated in ways that violate basic human rights, international treaties, and UNITED STATES law. Conveniently for the UNITED STATES government, suspects are sent to nations such as Syria or Egypt where torture is common practice. In fact, it would seem that the only nations to which the United States routinely transfers suspects through extraordinary renditions are those nations that have terrible human rights records. It may well be that the UNITED STATES government has not specific intention of using torture against these suspects, but it should be readily apparent that they are more than willing to reserve the capacity to use torture if the need should arise. If the situation were otherwise, then we should expect any suspect captured to be openly and legally transferred to UNITED STATES detention facilities where their treatment and interrogations could be controlled and monitored under UNITED STATES law."
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Recycling and the Press, 2008.
The paper looks at the development of recycling in the United States and examines the response of newspapers and journals.
1,288 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper examines recycling efforts and new recycling technologies in the United States with particular emphasis on how the printed media - newspapers and journals - cover the subject. The author makes the point that whilst recycling in the US is not new, there is a need for more information to be made available to the public. He goes on to discuss a number of new technologies that received coverage in well known publications and discusses how this benefits the spread of public awareness in matters relating to recycling. The technologies discussed include the following: environmentally friendly plastic recycling plants, recycling of fluorescent lights and the use of coconut husks to produce packaging materials.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature review
Works Cited
Outline
From the Paper
"Recycling isn't a new concept in the U.S.; there are people and organizations that have been recycling newspapers, aluminum, steel and other materials for decades. But with the advent of the green revolution, and with corporate American now competing to see which company can seem the greenest to that captive and willing consumer audience out there, recycling has turned a page and is now very much in vogue. Recycling used to be something that hippies, nerds, eco-activists and a few progressive people did because it was the right thing to do. But now it is becoming middle America friendly. And as more cities follow the lead of San Francisco - which had banned the use of plastic bags in grocery and retail stores - the citizens of the U.S. will of necessity become more and more conscious of the need to reuse and conserve, as part of the bigger issue, dramatic climate change and its ramifications for the planet. The thesis is: there needs to be a massive and believable public service campaign so that people can become far more well-informed about all things "green" and about "recycling" than they are today."
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