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Public Policy, 2007.
A comparison of United States' public policy on climate change with that of Japan and the European Union.
1,129 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the United States' environmentally clean technology and environmental regulations. It compares the economic output and environmental issues of the United States with that of Japan and the European Union, its closest competitors. The paper also analyzes the United States' public policy on climate change and provides recommendations for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: The Problem with the United States
Policy and Non-Policy Decisions
The United States
Japan and the European Union
Evaluation of Policy in the US versus Japan and the EU
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Of particular importance in the United States is the implementation of new environmental policies that associated an economic cost with the production of GHGs as well as greater investment in research and development in clean energy technology. A cap and trade scheme for carbon is already emerging with state level support through the country, and requires only marginal attention from the federal government in order to make this prudent approach a national policy. As for the development of clean energy technology, the United States has farther to go. In an effort to decrease dependence on foreign oil, there have been subsidies in alternative fuels, but whether or not these technologies are clean has not been a primary concern."
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Affirmative Action, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of affirmative action in the United States.
2,368 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about affirmative action and its current impact on the United States. The writer explores and explains the premise behind affirmative action plans and describes the history of their development in the United States. It argues that the dismantling of many affirmative action programs around the nation is premature and may prove to be a mistake.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Current Events
Today
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Affirmative action is a program that was put in place for a valid and needed reason, however, when White males began to see that it was working they began to protest its existence. The fact that the White detractors were vocal and numbered enough to pressure the government to alter the program or remove it all together is the single most powerful argument that it is too soon or still needed. While affirmative action should have an end it should not be until minorities are represented in the workforce and on college campuses with the same numbers that they demographically represent in the US."
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Genetic Cloning, 2007.
An examination of the history of animal cloning and the debate against its use.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed exploration of genetically cloned food sources. The writer focuses on genetically cloned cattle, and other animals that will be used for food. It begins by explaining the facts about cloning and how animals are cloned, as well as the history behind the process. The paper then explains the concerns regarding cloning animals, that are still being debated.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
The Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While cloning of animals for food purposes sounds like something out of a science fiction movie, to many, the actual facts of the process are much less daunting. The animal that is cloned will have the exact same genetic-DNA copy as the donor animal has."
"It is done through a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. During this process genes from the donor animal are removed and then inserted into an egg cell that has already had its nucleus removed. After the lab handles some housekeeping steps to insure egg viability the egg is then placed into a surrogate birthing animal (Temple pp).
It is not completely unlike invitro fertilization with a few exceptions about the way the egg is fertilized."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
An argument against the use of the death penalty in the United States.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the arguments against the use of the death penalty. The paper shows how innocent people could be put to death for crimes they did not commit. The paper looks at the arguments for the use of the death penalty but refutes them as baseless. The paper strongly contends that the execution of criminals in the United States is socially unjust and morally wrong.
Outline:
A Short History of the Death Penalty
Arguments Against the Use of the Death Penalty
Arguments for the Use of the Death Penalty
From the Paper
"Putting people to death as a punishment for their crimes is not a new or unique idea. In fact, it has been a common practice throughout the world since ancient times. Jesus Christ died on the cross for his "crime" of Christianity. In early America, individuals were shot for committing treason, and lynching as a form of punishment was common, especially in the Old West. However, in modern times, many people have come to see the inhumanity of the Death Penalty as a punishment, and have begun to speak against it. In America, this began as early as the 18th century, and the Supreme Court banned the use of the Death Penalty from 1972 until 1976 in the U.S. However, public support seemed to indicate the American people wanted the Death Penalty, and the Supreme Court reinstated it in 1976, and it has been controversial and debated ever since."
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College Students and Guns, 2007.
This paper explores the controversial issue of gun control on college campuses.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview and background of the issues involved in gun control in general and as it applies to college campuses in particular. The paper reviews the relevant literature and the popular media to determine the salient issues involved and what the potential implications of allowing all students to carry guns on campus might be for students, faculty and the American public alike. The paper concludes that outlawing guns is not likely to solve the problems being experienced in the nation's schools and college campuses when it comes to violent crime.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Gun Control and Violent Crime
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the more divisive issues confronting the United States today is the ownership of guns. For instance, according to Utter (2000), "Perhaps with the one exception of abortion, gun control is the most controversial issue in American politics, and it appeals strongly to the emotions of those who support as well as those who oppose further regulation of firearms" (p. ix). On the one hand, gun control advocates maintain that so-called "Saturday night specials" and their ilk do not have any particular value as legitimate weapons for any purpose besides criminal activity and the proliferation of guns in this country has directly contributed to the increased incidences of violent crime in recent years. These arguments, though, fly in the face of reality."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
This paper looks at both sides of the controversial argument regarding same-sex marriage.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question of whether same-sex marriage should be allowed or not has generated considerable argument between those who support the idea and offer their reasons, and those who oppose the idea and offer theirs. This essay offers a consideration of each side and their basic arguments. The writer argues that the claim that allowing same-sex marriage destroys the institution of marriage and the family is not supported by the facts, so same-sex marriage in some form should be allowed. The writer discusses that weighing the two sets of arguments suggests that most of the reasons why opponents say they oppose same-sex marriage are not valid, while the real reason would appear to be aversion to homosexual activity in any guise. The writer concludes that these people often see homosexuality as a choice rather than a condition, while more and more evidence suggests it is inherent and not a choice at all.
Outline:
Pro
Con
Personal View
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A basic aspect of the argument for gay marriage is a call for fairness, noting that married couples benefit from a variety of rights and privileges that are denied to unmarried persons, such as the right to inheritance, to insurance benefits, for one partner to visit the other in a hospital, and so on."
"Thomas B. Stoddard argues that gay people should seek the right to marry. He discusses the institution of marriage and finds it wanting, but in spite of these he believes that gay couples should seek their right to make this choice."
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Immigrant Literature, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the themes of immigration and integration in "Jasmine" by Bharati Mukherjee and "The House on Mango Street" by Sandra Cisneros.
2,823 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the works, "Jasmine" by Bharati Mukherjee and "The House on Mango Street" by Sandra Cisneros. In particular, it looks at ow the characters of Jasmine and Esperanza, from two very different cultures, experience America through relationships, with other characters and, in turn, initially use those relationships to help them guide and create their own character. The paper also discusses how each of these immigrant works by immigrant women represents a chapter in the life of a woman assimilating and recognizing the changes that have to be made in order for her to find her internal peace.
From the Paper
"Jasmine is separate even from the only person in her life that has any real idea of what it is like to live in limbo, in poverty and with only vague hopes of changing the situation. One issue that repeatedly intertwines itself into the character of Jasmine and the other characters she is surrounded by in Iowa is racism. Though during her interactions with people in New York and Florida some of these issues are lessoned, as characters like Taylor acknowledge and discuss her ethnicity and ask her questions about her home and life experiences, which is evident in comparison and dialogue. (6, 12) The constant forgivable blunders when Mother uses the word Indian to describe native Americans and then must qualify it, with "our kind" (17) and the interesting way that the white Iowans react to immigrant farm workers from Mexico. "
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Abortion, 2007.
An analysis of the pro-life and pro-choice arguments for and against abortion.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over abortion. It analyzes the two sides of the argument - that of pro-life and pro-choice. It describes how these two opposing factions define abortion and how the differing definitions serve mostly to increase the clash between the two groups. It discusses the results of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case of Roe vs. Wade. The paper concludes that the debate will continue and will need to be fought politically and legally.
From the Paper
"The two sides indeed have their valid reasons and since their convictions are strong and can be analyzed as "having its own rationale and logic," the battle will have to be fought continually in the legal and political arena. Whether invoking ethics, morality, religion or human rights, abortion issues are here to stay and the determination on who is right or wrong can only be found on individual conscience and beliefs. Those with strong religious convictions may find themselves aghast by the abortion act while those who value their basic human rights may consider it a logical choice necessary. Whatever side there is, the important point is to respect other's beliefs and battle it out in a humane and civilized manner without resorting to propaganda, murder or fire bombing of abortion clinics and pro-choice institutions. We should be tolerant enough and agree to disagree without magnifying the hurt we cause amongst ourselves."
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Gun Control, 2007.
This paper reviews the history and theories behind the restriction of gun sales to minorities and poor people.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, over the years, even though the approach might be slightly different and more subtle, especially in the southern states, there has been very little change in the overall outlook of the American bias toward the ownership of guns by the minorities and poor. The author points out that, even though gun control laws have restricted gun ownership to people who can afford a decent life-style, these laws have had no effect on decreasing crime and disallow poor citizens from protecting themselves with the use of a firearm when facing a criminal situation. The paper concludes by arguing that, because poor people most often live in high crime rates areas or areas where there is very little law protection, to gain a sense of personal security, the laws must be changed and markets must sell low-priced legal firearms.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gun Control and the Poor
From the Paper
"Even though, the blacks had to face the brunt of the gun control and restriction laws; however, they were not the only recipients. Certain white people who did not fit the bill of the Americans also faced numerous laws where they were treated less worthy for the ownership of guns. A good example of this could be the Sullivan law passed in 1911 where the focus shifted to the Italian immigrants, astonishingly, within the first three year of the implementation of the Sullivan law, 70% of the total people arrested had Italian names and surnames. Even the media was very openly not supportive of the guns being issued to the Italian immigrants; the disapproval was posted both in the "New York Tribune" as well as the "New York Times"."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of global warming and the world's response to these problems.
2,559 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of global warming and why there is a need for concern. The paper discusses the real evidence that humans are causing climate change. The paper examines China's contribution to climate change and addresses why the United States is so slow to deal with issues related to climate change.
Outline:
What is the Most Recent Science and Why Should Humans be Concerned?
What Evidence is there that Humans are causing Global Warming?
Other events contribute to the continuing dynamic of global warming
From the Paper
"Prior to addressing the issue of how global warming is caused - and the scientific evidence reported in this paper will prove that many of the causes that directly relate to global warming are man-made - it is important to present material that describes what is happening right now and what are scientists saying about the ultimate damage to the earth and its inhabitants that may be the result of climate change (note: "climate change" and "global warming" are interchangeable phrases and concepts in this paper)."
The very latest report from the scientific community about global warming comes from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-sponsored network of 2,000 scientists from all over the world who have been studying the Earth's environment since 1988. The IPCC issued its latest findings - the second of a series of four climate change reports - from Brussels, Belgium, early in April, 2007 - and this report received a tremendous amount of attention in the media. The reason why this report received so much attention is that it is predicting that because of ongoing man-made conditions, global warming has now reached a point where there is not stopping it, and the harmful effects of global warming are already in evidence in numerous ways and many places on Earth."
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The Theory of Non-Realism, 2007.
This paper applies the theory of non-realism, which is an emerging international relations theory, to the Iraq Wars.
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the theory of non-realism argues that the international structure acts as a constant constraining force on nation state behavior; therefore, nation states all act in a rational manner to protect their own self-interest, which results in a predictive model of behavior. The author points out that, according to neo-realism, the key international structural principle is anarchy, power on the international arena is decentralized and there is no overall structure to govern international politics. Thus, the international structure is decentralized with each state pursuing its own self interest. The paper relates that the central conflict over the invasion of Iraq from a neo-realism perspective did not occur in the actual landscape of Iraq but rather in in debates that took place in the United Nations.
From the Paper
"Some would argue, however, that the thirty nation joint coalition that ultimately destroyed the Iraqi army and took back Kuwait would imply that an international presence did exist to enforce a set of international rules and regulations. This would appear to contradict the position of anarchy stated within neo-realism theory. The real answer is much more complex; the formation of the United Nations meant that member nations do enjoy a certain set of privileges in terms of conflict resolution. However, no member are actually subject to act according to UN provisions, they are not a regulatory administration."
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Embryonic Stem Cell Research, 2007.
A review of the debate over embryonic stem cell research, with emphasis on its positive aspects.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the field of embryonic stem cell research. It emphasizes the more positive affects of this new medical research, however also presents the arguments against using this technology. The paper attempts to show that despite the many problems and questions raised by stem cell research, it does provide a valuable and essential step in modern medical and scientific advancement.
From the Paper
"Embryonic stem cell research is still in its beginning stages and scientists will admit that there are many practical, ethical and moral problems that still need to be overcome. On the one hand there are technical issues that need to be addressed before stem cell research can become a viable technology for repairing human tissue and cutting diseases. Those who claim that stem cell research can adversely impact on society and that it is also open to abuse make valid and important points. On the other hand the potential that embryonic stem cell research offers is too great to be ignored. The fact that this research may result in cures for some of the most prevalent and insidious disease of out time is reasons enough to continue the research in this field."
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Torture and Morality, 2007.
This paper discusses the moral issue of torture and human rights.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that different organizations, governments and people hold different philosophies by which they designate actions as either moral or immoral. The paper discusses how Emmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill and Thomas Hobbes argue that morality is unique to the person in question and can be based on any number of criteria. The paper shows how just as there is no consensus among philosophers as to the nature of morality, there is no clear consensus over torture. The paper looks at the current international laws regarding human rights.
From the Paper
"Recent historical events suggest that an evaluation of torture is apt in timing. To begin with, the terrorist acts that occurred on September 11, 2001 'dramatically demonstrated the destructive power that terrorist cells were capable of wielding on U.S. soil.' Terrorism is an unconventional form of warfare that calls for unconventional forms of response. The scale on which the terrorist attacks of September 11 wreaked their damage was well beyond any that had previously occurred, and beyond what many people believed was possible. If nothing else, these events illustrated the limitations of conventional modes of deterrence. Consequently, a poll of the American public following the attacks revealed that a substantial portion backed torture as a legitimate tool to reduce the likelihood of future terrorist attacks."
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Fertilization Techniques, 2007.
This paper examines the most common infertility techniques that are available today.
2,252 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that there are a number of methods that have been developed with varying degrees of success to help women who have difficulty becoming pregnant. The writer points out that these include some of the most contemporary technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and various other procedures. In essence, the writer explains that assisted fertilization refers to technologies and techniques that can be used to enhance sperm-egg interaction. This paper outlines some of the most prevalent and contemporary of the infertility techniques in use today. The writer concludes that the suggestion is that reproductive cloning will advance, in a similar fashion to the acceptance of techniques like IVF, and that new techniques will be developed to improve upon existing methods of infertility assistance.
Outline:
Introduction
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
GIFT: Gametic Intra-fallopian Transfer
Other Techniques
New Techniques and Reproductive Cloning
From the Paper
"There are a number of advantages to this procedure, including the fact the embryo can be fertilized inside the oviduct in its natural environment. The process also takes only about an hour and can also be performed on an outpatient basis."
"There are a number of variations to both GIFT and in vitro fertilization that are important to note. These include blastocyst transfer, or the transfer of a more mature embryo; as well as the use of donor eggs from another woman and the use of a surrogate mother and the transfer of frozen embryos."
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