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"Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens", 2007.
An overview of abortion from a feminist ethics stance through a review of "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens" by Susan Sherwin.
1,896 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critique of a work by Susan Sherwin, "Abortion through a Feminist Ethics Lens," which takes the stance that abortion is appropriate within the individual contexts of many women's lives and should be determined by the needs and concerns of women - and not by the needs and concerns of the fetus. The paper outlines Sherwin's major conclusions on this important topic and the premises which underlie her position. The paper also notes several counter-arguments which can be raised in objection to her views. It concludes that while her article certainly has merit, she fails to satisfactorily consider the implications of her thought on some matters.
From the Paper
"Most non-feminist perspectives on abortion consider the moral or the legal permissibility of the act in isolation whereas feminist perspectives look at abortion within the context of institutions that (allegedly) seek to subordinate women. Also, whereas other perspectives look at abortion within the context of abstract constructions such as property rights, feminist perspectives seek to look at abortion within the context of a woman's particular needs when she chooses this course of action. Going further, feminists argue that the moral dimensions of the discussion extend beyond simply whether or not abortion is right or wrong; they must also include a discussion about whether or not abortion clinics and services are accessible to women contemplating an abortion."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper looks at the concept and acts of terrorism and at terrorist organizations.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses terrorism and terrorist groups. Firstly the writer discusses the definition of terrorism. Next, the rationale that many groups use to explain their actions is examined in the context of how the various groups are perceived. Terrorist groups are seen as flat organizational structures that depend on knowledge silos and highly autonomous cells to function effectively. Moreover, terrorism is seen as at least a partial clash of civilizations and cultures with some historical implications. The writer concludes that terrorism is growing in appeal for various groups as a way to further their objectives.
Outline:
Abstract
Terrorism--what is it?
Rationalization
Structure & Organization
Cultural Implications
Historical & Contemporary Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concern is that while the US does not want terrorism and terrorist to be defined as militaries in the formal sense, it does want the latitude to treat terrorist individuals within such a context."
"The most accurate definition of terrorism seems to be the first definition introduced. However, even that working definition may be somewhat constrained because it includes the qualifying statement that terrorism is politically motivated. This may indeed be prevalent but it is not necessarily a requirement for terrorism to take place because many groups may have not political agenda but a religious agenda, cultural agenda, or some other contextual agenda sans any political intent."
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Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
A review of the arguments in favor of legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument for and against legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States. It compares the situation in the US with that in Canada with regard to government policy on same-sex marriages. The paper argues that same-sex marriage should be legalized in the whole of the US. Its primary argument is that failure to do so would be contrary to many of the most fundamental rights of many American citizens and will also serve to perpetuate prejudice against same-sex couples.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most important argument in favour of legalizing same-sex marriage is the simple fact that by not doing so, we harm innocent children. This is because many same-sex couples have children. The 2000 US Census revealed that nationwide some 34% of female same-sex households, and some 22% of male same-sex households, have children. These rates do not lag far behind the national rate for married opposite-sex couples, which is 45.6%, or the national rate for unmarried opposite-sex couples, which is 43.1 percent. From this, we can deduce that there are at least 400,000 children who are currently being raised by same-sex couples nationwide - and this number continues to grow rapidly. (Weiser) These children may come from previous heterosexual relationships, or from adoption, or same-sex couples may choose to have children through one route or another. The point is that these are innocent children who must not be punished for the sexual orientation of their parents, or because of society's prejudices against same-sex couples. These children deserve to have the legal and emotional security of having parents who are married to one another, just as much as the children of heterosexual couples deserve this. Therefore, same-sex marriage should be legalized to protect these children."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
Presents argumenta against capital punishment.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that, since the main issue in the debate over capital punishment hinges on whether killing is a morally justified response to criminal conduct, capital punishment simply cannot be considered acceptable on moral grounds. The paper argues that the death penalty is an old barbaric practice that is immoral, unfair to minorities, simply does not deter crime, and should be discontinued except in a very small minority of cases.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment should be outlawed because it denies a citizen his or her Constitutional right to due process of law. The imposition of capital punishment is arbitrary and irrevocable. It forever deprives an individual of potential benefits of new evidence or new laws that might warrant the reversal of a conviction or the setting aside of a death sentence, and violates a citizen's constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the laws, for studies have proven that capital punishment is applied randomly at best and discriminatorily at worst. It is imposed disproportionately, and many would say in a racist manner, upon those whose victims are white, on offenders who are people of color, and on those who are poor and uneducated."
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The Ethics of Abortion, 2007.
A comparison of the arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral".
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the respective arguments of Judith Thomson in "A Defense of Abortion," with those of Don Marquis in "Why Abortion is Immoral." The paper argues that while the two approaches to the question of abortion are distinct in their fundamental assumptions, in general both arguments are based on the same methodological premise that the complex ethical issues surrounding abortion can be understood through what may be termed a "property-rights" approach. The paper concludes that Marquis' argument is marginally stronger than Thomson's in this regard.
From the Paper
"Thomson's analogy that for a mother to be compelled to carry a person she does not want for nine months - with the possibility of years of support following - is analogous to someone using one's property without permission is clearly very strong. It suggests that the self-defense argument is particularly strong, to the point of being almost unchallengeable. After all, if we defend the right of a person to defend his own life to the point of killing another if necessary, then why cannot the same rule apply to a mother. More broadly, why should a mother be forced to allow another person use of their property should they not wish this? In contrast, Marquis seems to emphasize the value of the property in this analysis. For the mother to terminate a fetus would be, in effect, the elimination of decades of life-value for the unborn fetus."
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The Gun Debate, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues involved in the manufacturing and selling of small guns.
2,002 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical issues related to the manufacturing and selling of inexpensive handguns (known as Saturday-night-specials) when such guns are commonly used for criminal purposes. The paper describes and analyzes the key facts in this gun debate and then reviews the implications for the stakeholders affected by the decisions taken and their interests.
From the Paper
"Difficulties arise in trying to establish the proper scope to utilize in evaluating this problem: Suppose a gun manufacturer decides to move his factory overseas to China or Mexico as a way to cut production costs. The benefits in corporate profits and dividends to a large number of shareholders may be substantial. Likewise, the salesforce and customers could benefit by resulting cost reductions. But the consequences of this outsourcing for the working class employees, their families, and the other residents of the company's age-old New England hometown could be catastrophic. Who is to determine the greatest good for the greatest number in this context? Even those who opt for the shareholders side have to live with the consequences and experience the problems of rust belt states with decaying infrastructure."
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American Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper provides a critique of American foreign policy.
1,954 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the foreign policy of the United States of America in regard to such diverse areas as the Cold War, the U.S. relationship with China and the U.S. conflicts with Iraq, presents challenges to any analyst. The writer argues that these challenges stem from the fact that U.S. foreign policy is rarely cohesive across the broad spectrum of international relations. The writer notes that in both the strengths and weaknesses of American foreign policy from the Cold War to the War on Terror/Long War, a complex range of contributing factors determine the shape of U.S. foreign policy in ways that often differ radically from one theater of operations to another.
Outline:
Introduction
The United States and the Cold War
The United States and China
The United States and Iraq
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In critically evaluating the course of American foreign policy from the Cold War to the present it is necessary to look beneath the surfaces of international relations to consider a range of contributing factors that may have shaped American foreign policy in ways that do not seem immediately apparent upon initial examination."
"The Cold War represents just such a situation, for while it may seem initially to have been a conflict between two pre-eminent superpowers - the United State and the U.S.S.R. - at the end of the Second World War, many observers have argued that Western European nations played a primary role in persuading a reluctant United States to become engaged in Europe as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
An argument against the legalization of euthanasia in the United States.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy surrounding euthanasia. It considers the arguments both for and against its practice. In the end, the paper argues, by providing example cases, that the benefits of allowing euthanasia are outweighed by the potential harm that it causes to society. The paper concludes that euthanasia should not be legalized in the United States.
From the Paper
"It has also been eloquently pointed out that permitting euthanasia would amount to promoting the rights of the individual at the expense of the best interests of society. (Callahan) For example, Callahan cites an example from the trial of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Kevorkian was tried for assisting in the euthanasia of a 43-year-old multiple sclerosis (MS) victim named Sherry Miller. At the trial Dr. Stanton Elias pointed out that Miller's death had been extremely demoralizing for other multiple sclerosis victims, who were deeply concerned that her death sent a message to society that "they [people who suffer from MS] are somehow less of a human being and don't count for as much if they can't get out of a wheelchair." (Callahan, 247)"
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United States, Canada and Global Warming, 2007.
This paper compares the U.S. and Canadian policies regarding climate change.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the anthropogenic causes of global warming, the evidence of its existence and some of the differing ways in which the U.S. and Canada are approaching the issue of climate change. The paper discusses how, while Canada appears sincere in its efforts to adhere to Kyoto Protocol requirements, it seems to be actually achieving less than the United States.
From the Paper
"The causes of global warming are many. Most notably, carbon dioxide and methane gas emissions - be they from power plants, from vehicles, from planes, or from man-made structures/installations - serve to facilitate global warming insofar as CO2 and methane gas molecules (as well as Chloroflurocarbon molecules) "trap" long-wave radiation, otherwise known as "heat", and prevent it from escaping into space. Suffice it to say, the more CO2, Chlorofluorcarbons and methane present in the atmosphere, the more global temperatures will climb (Collins, para.5 and para.8-10). All in all, the accumulation of CO2 and methane in the atmosphere and the attendant higher temperatures mean the slow deterioration of vulnerable ecosystems - such as the two Artic Poles - that are not designed to accommodate rapid temperature increase."
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Immigrant Experience in America, 2007.
An analysis of the experiences of immigrant to America between 1898 and 1919.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses immigrant's experiences in America in 1898-1919. It describes the changes that were experienced by immigrants in the later part of the 19th century. The paper discusses the beliefs that people held at that time and looks at the types of jobs that people had to work. It describes the discrimination against all immigrant groups and the reasons why immigrants still came to America.
From the Paper
"Immigration in America 1898-1919 was the last great wave of people seeking the dignity of honest work with freedom. 1950-1969 saw less than half their number arrive, but they did not have to endure the miserable ocean voyage, the horrendous, unsafe conditions of the tenements and sweatshops, the covert and sometimes quite overt anti-foreigner sentiment of the established middle classes or the Old Stock elite who still remained entrenched in power. They were not as wretchedly without protection, not as poor without work as those at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. There is something about the courage of these people, their hope, their endurance in the face of the tremendous upheavals in American life from 1898-1919, and their stubborn refusal to be beaten down by the recurrent pattern of American racism and internal jingoism. It is one view of immigration to America at that time. Those who survived are became American; those who did not or were broken are the price that was paid for the good life and the citizenship they now enjoy."
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National Security in Canada, 2007.
This paper examines the threat the new national security regime poses to Canadians.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Agency of Canada (PSEPC) and the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) in order to assess if these organizations are infringing upon the privacy of Canadians and whether this infringement is justifiable. The paper discusses the Canadian Constitution and how the new security regime has the potential to undermine certain sections of it, posing risks to privacy rights.
From the Paper
"There can be little doubt that national security has become a major preoccupation of the Canadian government in light of the events of 9/11. According to the Canadian government - and to similar materials contained in our course notes - the national security plan emerging from that traumatic event is explicitly committed to protecting Canadians at home and where they reside abroad; the plan also mandates that the federal government do whatever it can to ensure Canada does not become a base for terrorist threats directed against allies - most notably the United States (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, "Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy," para.1-5)."
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Children Raised by Same-Sex Couples, 2007.
An argument suggesting that the only thing that threatens the children of same-sex couples is societal prejudices against their parents, rather than their family situation.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues surrounding children who are raised by same-sex couples. It shows that these children are not endangered or compromised in any way by their nontraditional living situation. The paper also discusses whether these children are more likely to be homosexual, simply because their parents are. It then suggests that the only thing that threatens the children of same-sex couples is societal prejudices against their parents, rather than their family situation.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, we have seen that - contrary to popular belief - many same-sex couples raise children. We have also seen that the children they raise do just as well as other children, and that the parenting skills and psychological health of same-sex couples are comparable to those of heterosexual couples. Thus, while these families may not be traditional, they are nevertheless good families. Moreover, children raised by same-sex couples are no more likely than other children to turn out gay themselves - and even if they were, this would not in itself constitute an argument against same-sex parenting, as there is nothing wrong with being lesbian or gay. As we have seen, the only serious problems faced by children of same-sex couples are that other people may discriminate against them, and also that the legal systems of most countries do not protect them, because their parents cannot marry. Thus, all in all, same-sex parenting should be accepted as a viable way to raise children, and social attitudes and laws should be amended to support these families."
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Canada and Immigration, 2007.
This paper discusses the increased immigrant population in Canada.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper cites various statistics and state sponsored research studies as evidence that not only is Canada's immigrant population a significant percentage of the overall population, but it is one that is on the rise. The paper discusses the extent of this impact on Canada. The paper points out Canada's official terminology that broadly segregates Canada's population into immigrant and native-born camps. The paper concludes that how Canada reconciles these emerging social divisions may mean the difference between continued economic prosperity or increasing violence and poverty levels.
From the Paper
"Canada is deeply affected by immigration and the impact it is having on its demographic profile. With the mass influx of foreign immigrants over the last decade and certainly with the recent spike over the last several years, soon the term Canadian could very well imply that to be Canadian is to be foreign born more than it is to mean born and raised in Canada. While this is not a negative and certainly this argument proposes nothing negative about this potential characteristic, the fact that such an observation may eventually be possible is shocking to many people. In 2005, for example, there were 262k new immigrants which was represented an 11% increase over the previous 12 month period. While this may not, at first, seem expansive, when compared as a percentage to Canada's total population, it is significant."
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Hotel Safety for Tourists, 2007.
An analysis of the progress in tourist safety since September 11, 2001.
2,639 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the safety of tourists since the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York. It examines how much progress has been made since then in the specific task of making tourists safer in hotels. It assesses the ways in which tourists are made safer and ways in which the system has failed to improve their safety. Overall, the paper concludes that tourists are no safer now than they were prior to September 11.
From the Paper
"However, despite such recommendations, and despite the horror of 9/11, it does seem that very little has been done by hotels to increase security post-9/11. For example, a study conducted by Professor Cathy Enz, in conjunction with Smith Travel Research, surveyed 1,033 hotel managers in the US soon after 9/11, and then followed up by surveying 492 general managers in October of 2002. The study showed that most hotels did not make any changes to security and safety staffing and procedures in the year immediately after the attacks. Presumably, if changes and improvements were not made when the attacks were still fresh in everyone's minds, they would not be made subsequently. Enz commented that: "It appears that most hotels are standing pat with their existing safety and security procedures." (Myers, 2003, on web page cited.)"
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