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Patriot Act, 2008.
This paper discusses and argues against the Patriot Act.
1,843 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Patriot Act is perhaps the most controversial piece of legislation in the United States today. The paper explains that any debate that the Act destroys the liberty and equality that are the country's very foundations while others feel that the Act provides the citizens of the United States with security, and that for this, it is necessary to give up some freedom. Indeed, these arguments use, as their basis, the preservation of the "American" way of life. The writer then argues that, ironically, this way of life is the very thing being threatened by the legislation. The writer concludes that the Patriot Act does more harm than good as it harms freedoms and tolerance that have been cultivated over many stormy centuries in the country's history.
Outline:
Background
Pros and Cons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the view of many citizens, the hasty inception of the Act is a result of the imminent terrorist threat that loomed in the wake of September 11. However, far more sinister forces than a government that has the well-being of its country at heart, are involved. Indeed, most will be surprised to find that several of the provisions especially relating to electronic surveillance, were proposed before the attacks. These received heavy criticism before the disaster, but afterward were included in the Act without question.
"One of the political reasons for the quick introduction of the Patriot Act was the actions of Attorney General John Ashcroft. Under his authority, Congress had only one week for the decision to pass the bill without changing its content. The Attorney General heightened the political anxiety level by warning that further attacks were likely to be imminent. Hence, even with changes and improvements, the Patriot Act was introduced much sooner than it should have been, and with much less debate. Indeed, many of the improvements were overridden by the hasty negotiations necessary to pass the bill."
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Torture Defined, 2008.
A descriptive essay on torture, covering the historical background and the support for and against this treatment.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper defines torture and describes the two types of torture, physical and mental. The paper elucidates on the results of torture having life-long negative emotional and psychological effects. The paper then also describes torture as the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain. . The paper concludes that there is ample evidence that there is little if any validity to the use of torture in actually gaining information, or making the world a safer place, in fact in the case of terrorists our own acts of hypocrisy further feed the fire of hatred for the West and all she stands for.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Torture
Support for Torture
Arguments against Torture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work then goes on to describe the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, the threat of imminent death, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain to another. (29) In this message the acknowledgement of the legal and social restrictions of the use of torture is not only implied but demonstratively agreed upon by the preeminent legal body of the United States. It would seem strange then that this nation and others who have taken public stands against the utilization of torture continue to keep it in their own arsenal of tactics for use against those who are perceived as threatening to the nation or the world. In fact in Levinson's introduction it is stated that at the time of the compilation and publish of the work 130 nations had ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which went into force in 1987 some nations and organizations have spoken out individually in addition through national legislation and the ratification of other documents which are to be considered core national and international doctrines and law, and yet torture still occurs on a daily basis, and is condoned and utilized even by those nations that profess through official means to never use or condone it, including but certainly not limited to the US, Great Britain and Israel, all of who have been found in legal arenas to be guilty of it. Levinson even quotes a confessed and convicted torturer as saying that when we as a world stop speaking out against torture in official ways, we as a world will cease to be human. Of coarse this is not to say that rogue nations, terrorists and other political bodies do not also use such tactics, as can be seen in the autobiographical work, Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, by Jacobo Timmerman. The work accounts a long ordeal of torture and imprisonment at the hands of the Argentinean government under a totalitarian regime in the 1970s. "
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Terrorism in Afghanistan, 2008.
This paper discusses the resurgence of terrorism in Afghanistan and its repercussions for the United States and the world.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why the U.S. began anti-terrorist activities in Afghanistan in 2002 and why United Nations forces are still in Afghanistan today. The paper discusses how terrorism against foreign forces and opposition to the current democratic government are on the rise in Afghanistan today. The paper concludes that until the government can prove that it will provide a better lifestyle for all Afghan people, bin Laden and his Taliban will continue to grow and gain the confidence of the people.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is not new to Afghanistan. The Afghan people have lived through several monarchies and regimes, and in December 1979, they were invaded by the Soviet Union. It took ten years, but insurgents and Afghan rebels defeated the Soviets in 1989. One of the insurgents who fought tirelessly against the Soviets was Osama bin Laden. He formed his al-Qaeda network to recruit and train terrorists to fight against the Soviets. After the Soviet-Afghan War ended, bin Laden returned to his home in Saudi Arabia, but continued his terrorist tactics, which eventually got him banned from his home country and began his intense hatred of the United States. He returned to Afghanistan and continued to recruit and train terrorists."
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Benefits of Stem Cell Research, 2008.
An argument that the medical benefits of stem cell research outweigh the ethical and religious dilemmas surrounding the practice.
2,411 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the diseases that are the focus of stem cell research and relates that stem cells can be used to test new drugs and can replicate specific cells which will then grow into human organs. The paper then looks at the opposition to stem cell research and explains how many claim it is ethically unsound and a form of murder of an unborn fetus, while others believe that stem cell research will someday lead to cloning human beings. The paper asserts that there should be some form of regulation regarding human cloning, but stem cell research should be funded and encouraged by the government. The paper contends that stem cell research will save lives and could bring an end to many debilitating conditions that millions of people around the world suffer from and die from each year.
From the Paper
"Stem cells hold the promise for the future in many areas of medicine. Basically, stem cell research attempts to discover how a healthy cell reproduces itself into an organism, and how healthy cells replace cells that are damaged in the body. Some scientists refer to stem cell research as "regenerative or reparative medicine" (Editors, 2006). These cells are important for a wide variety of reasons, but especially because they hold the promise of some day eradicating many common diseases and illnesses that today are incurable."
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Federal Courthouse Closed Door Policies, 2008.
This paper discusses federal courthouses' closed door policies with regards to death row inmates.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper provides research that supports the thesis that federal courthouse doors should remain closed to those on death row, to ensure finality is reached on all issues unlikely to succeed in the courthouse. The paper discusses how if criminal offenders have access to adequate counsel during their preliminary hearings, there is no reason to assume they require additional petitions at the federal or the state level.
From the Paper
"In the U.S. the issue of equality before the law has always been one of primary importance. This is evidenced by the fact that all citizens, even those accused of federal crimes warranting death penalty, have an opportunity to appeal with new information (Snyder, 1998). All criminals regardless of their crimes however, are provided equal opportunity and access to counsel and legal advisors, even if court appointed. There are those however, that argue federalism concerns arise under "equal protection rationale" (Snyder, 1998:2211). Under this theory, legal researchers note that forcing state representatives to provide counsel and additional appeals may decrease the federal governments "intrusion on state power" (Snyder, 1998:2211). This suggests death row inmates who have additional counsel at the state level will "have fewer habeas petitions" as those petitioning will have significant time and support to substantiate and pursue any claims they have about their case (Snyder, 1998:2212)."
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America, the Land of the Free, 2008.
This paper is an intensive research study of 35 Persian-American women who escaped abusive partners.
22,050 words (approx. 88.2 pages), 75 sources, APA, £ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the horrors that women of Iran endure at the hands of abusive males. It also looks at the history of the abuse and what it means to be a woman in Iran. The paper then examines the lives of 35 women who made the successful transition from being a battered Persian wife, to an independent and successful Persian-American woman (PAW). Through an intensive interview process this paper provides a solid understanding of what abused women in Iran face and what it takes for them to begin again. The paper explores the women's previous lives, their flight to safety and the hurdles they overcame once they arrived. The tangible issues including employment, language barriers and other things are discussed as well as the intangible issues including the difficulty overcoming a mindset that had been instilled for generations. The paper examines the successes and failures that these women faced and helps to illustrate the importance of a world statement for an end to abuse against women in Iran.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of Problem
History Persian-Islamic Women
Interview
Interview results and discussion
Literature review
Suggestions
Study Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The final section of the questionnaire consisted of common demographic questions to describe the sample and to use in further analyzing the constraints. The demographic items included age, occupation, education, family income per month, personal income, marital status, number of children, and perceived health.
A pilot study was conducted with 40 Iranian women randomly selected in the 25-40 years age group. The procedures for sample selection and questionnaire distribution were piloted along with the actual questionnaire content. Ten items were omitted from the questionnaire after the pilot testing analysis was conducted. One item from the activity list was discarded along with nine items from the constraints items. If correlations between an item and the other items in the measured area were not significant at the .01 level, the item was eliminated. These items were also compared to the Cronbach's alpha reliability test and deleted if the alpha statistic was low."
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Legitimate Authority, 2008.
This paper discusses the principles of just war and legitimate authority.
733 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the principle of legitimate authority, which mandates that war cannot be waged against any government, nation or population without it first being authorized and approved by the proper legal authorities. The paper shows how the current war in Iraq and civil war in America are used as examples of this principle.
From the Paper
"One example of this policy can be seen in the United States. In America the body of Congress is able to declare war, and in fact is the only body of government with the authority to do so(Principle of Legitimate Authority http://atheism.about.com/od/warandmorality/a/jusadbellum_3.htm).
"Because Congress is comprised of many political representatives, and a majority must agree to declare war, the US public is protected from having its government go into a war without considering the consequences first."
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Labor and Industrial Relations in South Africa, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of the unique political and socio-economic situation in South Africa on labor relations and human resource management.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how South Africa's unique cultural, socio-economic, and political situation imposes difficult challenges for labor relations and human resource management. The paper explains that since the end of apartheid, the country has faced the problem of how to bring about substantive equality, including economic equality. The paper then looks at how the new South African government eschewed the redistribution approach, and instead opted to implement systematic and sometimes extreme forms of affirmative action. The paper also points out that a good example of the affirmative action policies the new South African government put in place is the Black Economic Empowerment initiative (BEE), which was established with the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2004. The writer believes that this initiative is a good one from a human rights perspective. However, from a human resources point of view, the challenge of this situation must be that artificially speeding up the promotion of people who have been systematically denied good education for so long, creates a danger that under-qualified people will be in management positions. The paper concludes that the problem of providing adequate training for people who have for so long been excluded from management positions is likely the biggest current problem facing human resources managers, as South Africa continues to change towards becoming a normal society.
From the Paper
"However, despite such descriptions, this initiative does primarily aim to improve the economic lot of blacks - given that it is they who suffer most from inequality. It does this with measures such as legislation and regulation, which aim among other things to put more blacks in management. For example, there is the balanced scorecard, which assesses whether there is sufficient black ownership of companies, sufficient black senior management, sufficient black human resource development and employment equity, etc. These factors are imposed as codes on state bodies, public companies and foreign investment companies. How well companies do on the score card affects vital economic factors, such as whether they are awarded contracts (Alexander, 2004)."
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Make America A Welcoming Place, 2008.
An argument for the freedom for and encouragement of foreigners in the United States.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper relates Ernesto "Che" Guevara's views of travel, that everyone should have the right to not only travel freely, but immerse oneself in the very essence of the culture and situations of the native inhabitants. The paper discusses how Che's view of travel as a freeing and learning experience is completely contrary to the American view of travel in the post September 11th era. The paper describes how Americans perceive travelers as suspicious individuals that need to be consistently monitored and constrained. The paper argues that America needs to change its views and reduce restrictions, since by limiting what travelers can actually see and treating them with hostility and suspicion, America is actively losing supporters on the international stage.
From the Paper
"Che's understanding of travel is to that it not only allows for one to have reckless fun, but more importantly it opens up your eyes to the all of the multitudes of manners in which people live their lives. Throughout his journey, he did not only try to receive a surface level understanding of the places that he went to, but rather delved deeply into every aspect of life. In Chile, he goes and visits a woman dying of tuberculosis, and is appalled to find the failings of the public health system that prevents the woman from receiving adequate treatment. He receives a tour of a copper mine and finds out the stark reality of deaths that occurred to make it possible. He even goes as far as to visit a leper colony and live among their inhabitants. Che's view of travel is that everyone should have the right to not only travel freely, but immerse oneself in the very essence of the culture and situations of the native inhabitants."
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Capitalism and the Environment, 2008.
Looks at the conflict between capitalism and protecting the environment.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, because environmental choices are difficult, painful, and unpopular, even though the majority of reputable environmental scientists have known about the existence of global warming for many years, it has been difficult to marshal much public support for making sacrifices, or to elect politicians who prioritize the environment above popularity or seemingly more pressing national issues that directly impact voter's pocketbooks. The paper then explains that, in order to make people fully aware of the negative consequences of global warming, they need to understand that, even from a fairly short-term capitalistic point of view, in the long term, global warming will have a negative impact upon the planet.
From the Paper
"However, public interest in the face of these findings have waxed and waned. The odd stretch of hot weather, like a 70 degree day in January or a severe, intense hurricane might briefly ignite fears about global warming, but as the cold weather returns for the rest of the season or the natural disaster is forgotten, the influence of these fears abate. People perceive problems on the micro rather than the macro level. According to researchers, record-setting warmth in the northern hemisphere can have wide-ranging ecological effects, "from changes to the location, frequency, and intensity of storms and wildfires to shifts in crop and fisheries yields."
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The Legalization of Marijuana, 2008.
An in-depth analysis of the issue of legalizing marijuana and a conclusion against its legalization.
5,139 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 91.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the arguments for and against the legalization of marijuana and takes the position that, while there are some rational points of view in favor of legalizing marijuana, the legalization of yet another drug is not justified. The paper argues that the legalization of any drug promotes a culture of acceptance and dependence which can lead to further acceptance and dependence on other types of drugs. The paper includes color graphs and appends a graph of Marijuana seizures and a color map of countries and their marijuana laws.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview
The Debate: Pros and Cons
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The debate about the legalization and the pros and cons of the drug marijuana has been one that has constantly been fought in the public as well in the medical arenas. The issue of the possible legalization of this substance has also been linked to facets such as crime, social stability and norms and the affect on the family structure. There are numerous arguments both for and against the legalization of marijuana. Proponents of legalization claim that marijuana is in fact relatively innocuous compared to other substances and drugs which are already legal. This refers to various accepted drugs and of course to the fact that tobacco and cigarettes are legally obtainable. Many people state that in comparison to many other legal drugs, marijuana is in fact less harmful in many respects and should be legalized. Among the many arguments put forward in favor of Marijuana is the assertion that it provides medicinal value which makes it more acceptable."
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Genetic Engineering, 2008.
An overview of the genetic engineering including research and the controversy surrounding it.
1,481 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how genetic engineering refers to a number of biotechnologies that are used to combine or manipulate genes or genetic material to produce new physiological traits in the organism or in the next generation. The paper then looks at how genetic engineering includes some aspects of gene therapy, stem cell research, and cloning as well. It also discusses how genetic engineering has come under fire when it has been used in the production of new foods because of the fear that these foods may have unfortunate and unforeseen consequences for the population eating those foods. In addition, the paper discusses other research that has sought to splice genes and manipulate genetic material so as to cure diseases by changing bodily characteristics to fight off the causes of disease. The paper continues with a look at the benefits of genetic engineering and concludes that The field is really in its infancy, and the possibilities are increasing by the day. Each new line of research opens new possibilities for more research tomorrow.
From the Paper
"Stem cell research is related to cloning and is also called therapeutic cloning, a term that refers to the cloning of cells the removal of stem cells from the pre-embryo in order to produce tissue or a whole organ to be transplanted back into the person who supplied the DNA. The reason for this is "to produce a healthy copy of a sick person's tissues or organ for transplant," which "would be vastly superior to relying on organ transplants from other people" ("Embryo Cloning, Adult DNA Cloning and Therapeutic Cloning" paragraph 4). For one thing, the problem of rejection is overcome in this manner without the need for specialized drugs. The supply of tissue that could be cloned is virtually unlimited, and this would eliminate waiting lists for transplants."
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Illegal Immigrants, 2008.
Looks at illegal immigration as it is impacted by the Fifth and 14th Amendments of the United States Constitution.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the 5th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution and applies them to the current issues regarding illegal immigration. The paper also argues that the US should not deport foreign born parents of children born in the U.S., who have full citizenship as anchor babies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Problem
The Amendments
From the Paper
"The illegal immigrants have been increasing in America and have been able to gain benefits through health care, educational opportunities and other perks of living in the country, without having to submit the same paperwork that citizens and legal immigrants are required to submit. This has begun to create tension throughout America as jobs become less available and funding begins to get tightened. Whether the funding and employment issues are a direct result of illegal immigration or not does not sway the detractors who insist the illegal immigrants not only be forced to leave the country, but are also beginning to request that American born children by illegal immigrants not be allowed to attend public schools."
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Terror and Intelligence, 2001.
An analysis of how the United States has reacted to the terror on 9/11 and other terrorist attacks in general.
7,823 words (approx. 31.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper deals with terrorist acts that have occurred and the effect that these have had, with particular reference to the United States. The paper continues with an in-depth description of the foregin policy response of President Bush ,specifically, and members of the US Congress, in general.
From the Paper
"There are a number of ways to interpret terrorist attacks in the modern world. The Bush administration has chosen a particular perspective that is intended to justify the employment of the United States military as a tool to rooting out terrorism in general. However, there are many difficulties with the logical backing for such a position; the way terrorism is understood, and the sources of terrorism have been, largely, misconstrued. Many people have put forward criticisms of the White House's outlook--some from particularly visible individuals--and an equal number of alternative approaches to terrorism have been offered. But, fundamentally, terrorism needs to be understood as a means of waging warfare; usually adopted by those who possess significant strategic and militaristic shortcomings. Terrorism has existed as long as war has existed. Consequently, declaring a war on terror is analogous to declaring a war on infantry: such a conflict will occupy our forces wherever there is war."
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