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The Terri Schiavo Case, 2009.
An overview of the legal battles surrounding the Terri Schiavo right to life case.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the controversy between Terri Schiavo's husband and parents about what Terri would have wanted in terms of sustaining or ending her life in the vegetative state that she was in and who had the right to speak for her. The paper discusses the most noted court rulings and proceedings regarding this case, that involved the Florida Supreme Court and the U.S. Senate. The paper shows how Florida state and federal courts upheld the Constitution's 14th Amendment to an individual's right to privacy and Florida's laws defining a vegetative state.
From the Paper
"The Terri Schiavo case represents one of the most widely publicized legal battles regarding the right to life. CBC News explains the catalysts of the situation (Indepth: Terri Schiavo, 2005). In 1990, Terri suffered severe brain damage after her heart stopped, interfering with oxygen flow to her brain. Although doctors said that she was in a persistent vegetative state, she was able to breathe on her own and to live with the assistance of a feeding tube. Her husband and legal guardian, Michael Schiavo, and her parents, the Schindlers, disagreed about how the situation should be handled and were involved in a protracted legal dispute beginning in 1998. Michael said his wife has said she would never want to be kept alive if she were is a vegetative state and requested that the courts allow doctors to remove her feeding tube. The Schindlers accused Michael of lying about his wife's wishes and demanded that the feeding tube remain in place. Michael eventually won and Terri Schiavo died in 2005 after her feeding tube was removed."
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Medical Ethics, 2009.
This paper presents a philosophical approach to major medical issues.
2,079 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the contentious issues of abortion, euthanasia, suicide and stem cell research. The paper explains the sanctity of life argument that believes that the inherent sanctity of human life derives directly from God and absolutely prohibits the scientific exploitation of human tissues. On the other hand, the paper explores the argument that the definition of human life must be appropriately left to scientists and not to religious authorities. The paper offers the personal belief that the lives and welfare of living, breathing, conscious human beings outweighs any supposed rights or sanctity inherent in undifferentiated bits of human tissue.
Outline:
Modern Ethical Controversies in Medicine
The Concept of Sanctity of Human Life
The Right to Life and Pro-Choice Arguments
Stem Cell Research
Euthanasia and Suicide
Constitutional Issues and Separation of Church and State:
Developing an Objective Approaches to Medical Ethics Issues
From the Paper
"In little more than a single century, the science and practice of medicine evolved from barely appreciating the concept of antisepsis in the era of Florence Nightingale after the American Civil War in middle of the 19th century to organ transplantation and other sophisticated surgical applications and DNA sciences by the end of the 20th century (Starr 1982). However, advances in medical science and technology have also inspired social controversy over the moral and ethical components of certain medical procedures.
"Abortion remains one of the most hotly-contested issues, along with euthanasia, and suicide. In the last decade, stem cell research has emerged as a principal focus of clashes of diametrically opposed ethical views. On one side of that argument, the inherent sanctity of human life derives directly from God and absolutely prohibits the scientific exploitation of human tissues, particularly when procured from potentially viable sources such as fertilized zygotes. On the other hand, the argument is that the definition of human life must be appropriately left to scientists and not to religious authorities (Dershowitz 2002)."
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9/11 and Wiretapping, 2009.
This paper discusses the post-9/11 expansion of government powers in the US and the significance of wiretapping.
2,214 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses wiretapping in light of the post-9/11 expansion of government powers in the US. The paper first presents a discussion of the purpose of wiretapping and a brief history of its use in the United States. Next, the paper explores the arguments for and against the extended use of wiretapping to improve law enforcement's understanding of the terrorist situation in the country. The paper maintains that, given all the information discussed in the paper, one can understand the post-9/11 expansion of government through wiretapping.
Outline:
Introduction
Purposes of Wiretapping
Brief History of Wiretapping in the United States
An Exploration of the Arguments Concerning the Government's Expansion of Wiretapping Privileges
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although their impact on United States history names them as one of the most significant events to occur in decades, the attacks not only affected American history. From fast food joints selling freedom fries to bankrupt airlines who had lost the patronage of frightened customers, nearly every aspect of American life was altered by the colossal events of that day. The government was not excluded. In fact, the events of September 11, 2001 lead to some of the most radical and sweeping national security policy in the recent era. Similarly, these policies have been some of the most controversial since the 1960s Civil Rights era, proposing actions that many believed invaded the privacy of ordinary citizens, violated the constitution, and proved that the government was above the law. This is certainly the opinion of Michael Moore, whose documentary Fahrenheit 911 presented its audience with images of ordinary citizens being persecuted for their negative feelings toward the government."
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Contempory Transportation Security Issues in the U.S., 2009.
A report on airline security in the US, together with historical references to past terrorist attacks and recommendations for the future.
6,576 words (approx. 26.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper looks into matters of security in the United States, looking at airline security in particular. It outlines the past history of airline hijackings and the measures enforced to combat it. It also discusses the changed in attitude since the terrorist attack of 9/11 and outlines the lessons that can be learned from measures taken by Israel. The author has also added some recommendations for future safety.
Outline:
The Historical Evolution of Contemporary Transportation Security Issues
Airline Hijacking and Attacks on Transportation as Political Terrorism
Airport Security Before September 11, 2001
Airport Security Since September 11, 2001
Fundamental Flaws in Design
Conceptual Problems in the Post-9/11 Approach to Transportation Security
The Nature of the Current Threat to American Air Travel
Lessons from Israel
Fundamental Civil Liberties and Transportation Security Issues
Civil Rights in the Age of International Terrorism
Police Profiling in the United States
Resolving Constitutional Issues in American Transportation Security
Distinguishing Constitutionally Permissible and Impermissible Passenger Profiling
Expansion of the Constitutional Use of Profiling Potential Terrorists
Contemporary Counter terrorism Concerns and Constitutional Interpretation
Recommendations
Understanding the Significance of the Distinction Between Hard and Soft Targets
Understanding the Mindset of the Enemy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first hijacking of a passenger airliner for the express purpose of influencing national or geopolitical events was the 1968 overtaking of an Israeli flight from Rome, Italy to Tel Aviv, Israel on July 22, 1968 by the Palestine Liberation Army (PLO). Previously, numerous airline hijackings had occurred, but only for the purposes of either securing a monetary ransom or (more commonly) for the purpose of transportation. Typically, prior hijackings involved the temporary takeover and diversion of a passenger airline flight as a means of transporting the hijackers to a specific destination; given the relations between the United States and Cuba in the post-Kennedy era, many of those incidents involved flights diverted to Cuba (Dershowitz 2002b).
"The new phase of airline hijackings marked a shift from tactical use of
commandeered aircraft to their strategic use expressly to generate media exposure to a political cause, as well as to force national and geopolitical policy decisions. Terrorist shootings and bombings on civilian transportation preceded the era of widely available international air travel. In Israel, Jordanian and Egyptian forces had long perpetrated
attacks on passenger buses, starting with the conclusion of the first Arab-Israeli war in 1948, in response to the United Nations decision to establish the country."
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A Cure For Alzheimer's Disease, 2009.
An argument against political opposition to stem cell research so a cure can be discovered for Alzheimer's disease.
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that Alzheimer's disease is quickly becoming a national health and social crisis by virtue of the increasing age of the population. The paper focuses on embryonic stem cell research that is the most likely avenue of research into an effective cure, but relates that political opposition has limited scientists in this avenue. The paper argues for common sense to prevail and help millions of patients and their families.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Alzheimer's - A Twenty-First Century American Health and Social Crisis
Controversy Over a Likely Approach to Effective Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's disease is one form of age-related dementia, previously more often referred to collectively as senile dementia. It is characterized by gradually increasing mental deterioration and corresponding loss of memory, cognition, judgment, and of the ability to communicate. The disease is named for the German physician who first discovered it in 1906 by identifying abnormal amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain tissues. Today, modern imaging technology is used to diagnose these characteristic brain changes that are associated with Alzheimer's (NIA 2006)."
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"A Question of Torture", 2009.
An analysis of the book "A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation From the Cold War to the War on Terror" by Alfred W. McCoy.
1,971 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses McCoy's purpose in writing the book "A Question of Torture", which is to reveal the CIA's 50-plus year history of utilizing torture against others and to argue that America is misusing her power. The paper outlines the main ideas contained in this work and shows how it raises many questions, principally why the American people seem largely disinterested about the use of torture and the human rights violations. The paper opines that the author's thesis is very well supported.
From the Paper
"The author shows that initially, the CIA torture process came into being as a reaction to the Soviet Union's KBG, and was created to help insure the safety of the nation when it was clear the Soviet Union was developing deep intelligence and spy networks geared at undermining the U.S. In an interview about the book he states, "In the deepest darkest days of the Cold War initially as a defensive move, the CIA launched a massive mind control project to crack the code of human consciousness, a veritable Manhattan project of the mind with research expenses reaching up to $1 billion a year" (Jones, 2006). Researchers discovered that psychological techniques as simple as sensory deprivation and isolation could break down a victim in as little as 48 hours. The problem was, some of the people were so debilitated they "confessed" to things that did not actually occur, simply to stop the psychological process (Jones, 2006). This is one of the problems with torture like this, as the author shows throughout this book."
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Immigration in "El Norte", 2009.
An analysis of the failed American dream of immigrant migration in Gregory Nava's film "El Norte".
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to show how "El Norte" (1983), directed by Gregory Nava, illustrates the futility of migration to America by reflecting upon the difficulties endured by all immigrant, illegal workers. The paper focuses on the narrative style and the intense personalization that conveys how immigrants must struggle to survive in a cruel land that alternately denies their existence, persecutes them for being undocumented, yet relies upon their labor.
From the Paper
"A synecdoche is a kind of metaphor in either film or literature where the part of something stands in for a larger whole. This literary and cinematic form of metaphor is deployed through the innovative triptych narrative technique, point of view, and the characterization of "El Norte" (1983), directed by Gregory Nava. The film focuses on a single family. The brother and sister of the family stand in for all of the triumphs and tribulations of all Guatemalan immigrants migrating to America in search of opportunities. The example of one, indigenous family is used to represent a larger sociological phenomenon, that of immigration from Latin American to North America in general, and the lies of the American Dream for recent migrants."
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Disabled Veteran Outreach Program, 2009.
An examination and evaluation of the Disabled Veteran Outreach Program, with suggestions for improvement.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Disabled Veteran Outreach Program, which was set up to assist disabled veterans in their reintegration into the labor market. The author explains why and how the program was developed, the process on which it is based, and the criteria for eligibility. The author also describes the benefits of the program, and its results so far, as well as its shortcomings and the factors that determine them. Finally, the paper discusses what can be done further to improve both the program itself and the situation of the disabled veterans.
Outline:
Introduction
Description of the Program
Plan for Analyzing the Impact and Process of the Program
Methods of Data Collection
Questions for Evaluation
Literature Review
Basis for the Program
Current Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The process of the Program takes into account a reintroduction in the labor force for disabled veterans. This is achieved through training and meeting several of the immediate needs of veterans. In this sense, the Program works with disabled veterans to "acquire proficient skill sets, obtain the needed assistance to successfully connect to an employer and apply those skills to the workforce (which) are fundamental to their ability to succeed in today's workforce environment" (House Committee on Veteran's Affairs, 2008). To this aim, the specialists working in the Program offer counseling, education, and training in order to be eligible for the current employment requirements."
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Combatting Illegal Immigration, 2009.
A proposal to stop illegal immigrants from entering the United States.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the U.S. should curb the growing problem of illegal immigration and its myriad effects on the economic, social and political stability of the nation. The paper asserts that the laws that exist to combat illegal immigration should and must be implemented to their fullest extent. The paper then lists more measures that can counter illegal immigration but emphasizes that there has to be a strong political will on the side of the government.
From the Paper
"Laws are created not only to ensure justice is served but also to enable citizens to know what is right or wrong. Then again, there are laws that do not really have a clear and definite definition of what is right or wrong. Some laws may be deemed "legal" but "immoral" and vice-versa. Without laws though, mankind would regress to the dark days of its evolution where chaos reins and the law of the survival of the fittest reigns supreme. Even between the church and the state, the laws each of this entity has at times differ and contradict one another. For instance, some states allow abortion but the laws of the church clearly prohibit such actions and are considered immoral."
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Considerations in Juvenile Justice, 2009.
An examination of two articles regarding juvenile justice - "Juveniles and the Death Penalty," by L. Cothern and "Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program (SHOCAP)" by M. Medaris.
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses juvenile justice philosophy. It focuses on considerations for the enforcement of criminal laws upon juvenile offenders and the way these considerations have evolved over the years. It specifically examines two articles - "Juveniles and the Death Penalty," by L. Cothern and "Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program (SHOCAP)" by M. Medaris.
From the Paper
"The program is very obviously intended to answer public fear rather that provide rehabilitative services for juvenile offenders that have entered the system more than once and likely on a sliding scale from relatively minor to very serious criminal offences. Though Medaris does outline, if very briefly, the research that was utilized to establish the need for such a program and the intention of collaborative communication between services is essential and necessary for the appropriate application of juvenile justice the program is a clear indication of the changing mentality of the juvenile justice system. Which is clearly in line with public sentiment regarding perceptions of public safety (or in this case lack of safety) rather than the need to intervene early enough and effectively enough not to have to identify so many Serious Habitual Offenders or SHOs, as the article labels them but to provide adequate rehabilitation alternatives that alter the perceived accelerated pattern of offences they are arrested and convicted of."
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Routine Activities Theory and Gun Control, 2009.
This paper uses the routine activities theory to explain differences in gun-related crime rates between the United States and the United Kingdom
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the United Kingdom and the United States share a common history, language and heritage, but the similarities end there when it comes to gun control and ownership. The writer points out that in the U.S., gun ownership is a fundamental constitutional right guaranteed by the Second Amendment, while by contrast, no such guarantees exist in the United Kingdom because there is no constitution per se to begin with and gun ownership remains highly regulated and restricted. The writer uses the routine activities theory to identify and explain any differences in gun-related crime rates between the United States and the United Kingdom. This study uses an exploratory review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and governmental literature to develop the statistical data and empirical observations needed to achieve this purpose. Delivering this comprehensive review as well as a summary of the research, salient findings and recommendations is the final goal of the proposed study. The paper includes a color chart and a description of Geert Hofstede's Five Cultural Dimensions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study and Hypothesis
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Preliminary Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Discussion of Expected Results
Limitations of Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While comparable levels of gun-related crimes do not exist in the United Kingdom, British citizens also do not enjoy the same level of gun ownership rights as their American counterparts which conceivably adversely affects their ability to defend themselves, their families and their property. Identifying a balanced approach to gun ownership and regulation, then, represents a timely enterprise and is the focus of the study proposed herein.
"Rationale of Study.
Because gun-related crimes can reasonably be expected to be higher in those countries where gun ownership is a highly prized right, it just makes sense that the United States will experience a higher incidence of gun-related crimes than other countries without such a fundamental right to bear arms."
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The Private Contractor, 2009.
A persuasive essay against the behavior of private contractors, specifically Blackwater USA, in the war in Iraq.
2,670 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the US military's use of private contractors to perform military activities and the many problems associated with this practice. The paper focuses on the war in Iraq and reveals that privately contracted personnel in Iraq have the power and authority to use arms against anyone who they believe to be a threat, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The paper then discusses the multinational corporation, Blackwater USA, which holds the largest share of security contracts in Iraq. The paper explains some of the problems with Blackwater USA including lack of supervision, lack of continuity, and allowable secrecy that has led to innocent civilians' deaths. The paper also explains that the Bush administration was the chief opponent to reforming the practice of using private contractors and points out that if no reform is undertaken, taxes will continue to go to Blackwater and the reckless slaughter of innocent people will continue as will increased distrust of Americans by Iraqi civilians. The paper concludes by proposing changes to the development and awarding of contracts to private contractors.
Outline:
Demand For Change
Proposed Changes
From the Paper
"During the course of the war in Iraq, the United States has seen many of its allies remove their troops from Iraq. By itself, the United States military would be unable to fight the war and bring stability to the region as it is does not have the requisite number of troops on the ground and those troops are not adeptly trained for all of the dangerous tasks involved. The definitive number of troops is determined not by need but by executive and congressional orders, which do not allow greater numbers for support and or security troops which creates an essential gap in services for troops and for the cause of securing individuals, groups and even supplies. The answer to this gap has been to provide for such services through private contracts and in doing so the dire need calls for such contracts to be closed bids, where the contract is not offered to the best provider or the provider who offers the best return on the investment it is simply offered to an individual corporation that is most likely to be able to provide the service as rapidly as possible. These services range from cooking and maintenance services for US troops and equipment to prison guards and or trained security staff for high profile Iraqi civilian officials."
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Gun Control in New York, 2009.
A look at the Supreme Court's stand on gun control in the "Heller" case and its implications for New York.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the gun control debate and reveals New York's administrative laws that operate as a ban on private gun ownership. The paper then discusses the "Heller" case that ruled that bans, such as those in the District of Columbia, violate the Second Amendment. The paper analyzes the implications of this case for New York City.
Outline:
Introduction
Gun Control in New York City
Implications of Heller
From the Paper
"Gun control has been a very controversial issue in American society since the enactment of state and local restrictions against gun ownership by private citizens. According to proponents of private gun ownership, the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically guarantees the rights of citizens to bear arms. Conversely, gun control regulation advocates maintain that the only right granted by the Second Amendment is the right of individual states to maintain armed militias, such as state national guards and police forces."
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Gun Ban Saves Lives!, 2009.
An argument for the implementation of a gun ban across the entire U.S.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to studies that suggest that handguns actually cause more problems, deaths, and accidents than they solve and contends, therefore, that the Supreme Court made the wrong decision when it overturned the Washington D.C. gun ban. The paper believes that a handgun ban is necessary for the safety and well-being of ordinary citizens, in particular children, those suffering from suicidal tendencies, and those who accidentally misuse guns. The paper also asserts that a gun ban would end the illegal handgun market.
From the Paper
"On June 26, in a monumental 5-4 decision, the US Supreme court overturned the Washington DC gun ban, citing that the "right to bear arms" phrase of the second amendment applies to more than just militia (Davies 2008). The decision came just one day after five died from gun wounds in Kentucky after a mentally disturbed man opened fire at his place of employment, eventually killing himself as well as the others (Davies 2008), and just after a recent study by the CDC stated that 55% of gun deaths can be considered suicides (MSNBC 2008). Although opposition to the banning of handguns suggests that the practice is unconstitutional in regards to the second amendment, proponents to the bans suggest that guns were only intended for the use stated in the amendment--a militia."
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