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Homosexual Men and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors, 2008.
A literature review discussing the relationship between sexual motivation, erotophobia-erotophilia and depression with sexually risky behaviors in men who have sex with men.
10,611 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research analysis that aims to investigate the relationship between sexual motivation, erotophobia-erotophilia and depression with sexually risky behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM) who are frequent patients at a clinic. The study seeks to survey patients with two or more visits per year with or without sexually transmitted disease symptoms. It aims to identify the relationship between sexual motivation and the degree of sexual risk the participants are willing to accept. The paper contains tables listing specific studies and their findings.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, men with STDs may find reassurance and support from others similarly situated. In this regard, a growing body of literature has confirmed the direct beneficial consequences of social support on the psychological well-being of HIV-infected and at-risk gay men (Karus, Raveis & Siegel, 1997). According to these authors, "Perceived available social support has been found to be associated with less psychological distress and lower levels of depression in samples of gay and bisexual men at-risk of AIDS, asymptomatic HIV-infected gay men, and HIV-infected men at various stages of the disease progression. Perceived emotional support was also shown to be positively associated with global well-being, life satisfaction, and hopefulness in a sample of gay men who were long-term AIDS survivors" (p. 395). The satisfaction reported for the support received from these groups has also been found to be directly correlated with depression in samples of gay men living with HIV/AIDS (Karus et al., 1997)."
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The XYY Chromosomal Factor, 2008.
A look at the contention that the XYY syndrome causes aggression in males.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the XYY syndrome has been blamed for many abnormalities in human males for well over one hundred years and how recent evidence points to the fact that this syndrome does not
manifest aggressive or violent behavior in affected human males, at least not to the extent of criminality or sociopathological behavior, such as one would find in sociopaths or "serial killers." It concludes that since genetic research on this abnormality is rather scant, we must rely on what is available, based on hard scientific evidence and documentation and that under extraordinary circumstances, this type of genetic disorder may indeed cause some type of aggressive behavior in males, due to the existence of higher levels of testosterone.
From the Paper
"This 47, XYY Syndrome is rather common as compared to other genetic abnormalities associated with human chromosomes and how they pair up during the development stages of human growth in the womb. Overall, this syndrome occurs in about 1 male out of 1,000, "born with an extra Y chromosome in each cell." In the United States, recent data has revealed that 5 to 10 boys are born each day with the 47, XYY Syndrome which figures to less than one percent ("What is 47, XYY Syndrome?" Internet). These statistics tend to show that the XYY Syndrome is rare, yet when one considers the number of males born in the U.S. every day with other genetic disorders, it could be said that this syndrome is relatively common. "
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HIV and Asian Men, 2008.
Explores the concept of social mobility, assessing whether it is helpful or harmful to people of differing cultural, national, social, economic, religious, or ethnic backgrounds.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to explore whether macro and micro level social constructions impact society's acceptance of individuals and community members that come from "dominate" or "subordinate" groups like the HIV populations and Asian men living in this subculture.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Social Mobility and Social Constructions
Social Constructions, Asian Men and HIV
Creating Stronger Bonds among Asian, HIV and Other Subordinate Cultures
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Diaz (1998) notes that certain populations are affected more so than others by the HIV epidemic, including not just Asian but also Latino ethnic groups, with subgroups within the Latino population including Puerto Ricans often considered the most subordinate or affected population. In this sense, one may infer social constructions occur not only within society at large, but also at the micro level, within social groups. The Asian HIV population may be viewed by society at large as lower on the hierarchical chain with respect to status and influence, representing a macro level social construction."
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Dating and Nonverbal Communication, 2008.
This paper is a research analysis of the nonverbal communication cues used in both nonsexual and sexual dating relationships.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that nonverbal communication is an important part of a dating relationship, in both nonsexual relationships and in the initiation of sexual behavior within relationships. The paper goes on to assert that, prior to escalating a relationship from a purely dating one, to one of a sexual nature, relationships must be assessed thoroughly, combining both verbal and nonverbal communication cues, for an optimum outcome.
From the Paper
"A positive sexual relationship between couples stems from successful communication regarding sexual and nonsexual preferences when intimate. In 1999, a study was conducted using men and women who were in dating relationships, but not dating each other. They were interviewed regarding sexual preferences and communication of their likes and dislikes. The research indicated that individuals are much more communicative about their sexual preferences when they are in a relationship in which communication was encouraged, not only about sex, but also about all aspects of the dating relationship. It was also determined that couples who have a nonverbal agreement and understanding about sex can be more effective and preferred over open discussion about sexual likes and dislikes."
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Gay Speech, not Hate Speech, 2008.
A discussion on the use of word forms specifically constructed for recognition by gay and lesbian groups.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how language serves a purpose to the gay and lesbian community to assist them in recognizing themselves as a group in a world of opposition and ridicule of their status. The paper quotes several words and descriptively explains how the word is utilized in gay society. The paper then summarizes the situation with examples on how language has been used negatively with the resultant necessity for this group to formulate their own vocabulary.
From the Paper
"This usage appears to have grown out of political activism. The need to combat homophobic oppression - including internalized homophobia - was perceived, and a concrete way of doing this was to hold a public parade in which pride in one's alternative sexual orientation was expressed. Out of this activity, the word "pride" acquired a whole new meaning - a meaning that is useful for this community in overcoming the societal prejudices it has to deal with."
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Gender and Technology, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of gendered careers and the role of technology.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that one of the greatest changes that has impacted working conditions and careers has been the advent and rapid growth of technology. This massive change has also impacted women workers. The writer discusses that one might have expected that technology would have had a primarily positive impact, given that technology reduces the importance of brute physical strength, and that this is the only variable in which most women have any intrinsic disadvantage, relative to most men. However, the writer maintains that in general, technology does not seem to have been to the advantage of women. The writer argues that technology has had a negative impact on women workers and their careers. This is due not to technology itself, but rather to persistent, sexist stereotypes about what is "natural" for men and women.
From the Paper
"Sim and Yong blame this gender-based polarization on gender-based socialization and stereotyping that negatively impacts women's education and skills training. While this is at last declining, it still functions to prevent most women from gaining the career benefits from technology that are available to so many men."
"When it comes to higher level jobs, and especially jobs that are in high-tech fields such as computerization, medicine, science, and engineering, there appears to be a widespread trend for sexist perceptions about women's abilities to function as a bar that prevents most women from benefiting from the career opportunities opened up by new technology. For example, Whitney notes that women in medicine are still subject to discrimination with regard to admission to medical school, residency selections, appointment of faculty, and advancement. Indeed, Adams argues that medicine has been characterized by active hostility towards the incursions of women physicians, as has dentistry."
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Gender Relations in Chinese Literature, 2008.
A review of the Chinese story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" by Feng Menglong.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Feng Menglong provides a window into the social, cultural, economic and political nature of Chinese society in the 17th century in his story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town". The paper looks specifically at gender relations in Chinese Society in the 17th century. The paper explains that men and women had rigidly defined roles as well as a range of social and moral obligations attached to these gender roles. Individuals who fail to remain within these prescribed gender roles are seen as weak and immoral. The paper then discusses how Feng Menglong demonstrates what happens when individuals step outside of their prescribed gender roles.
From the Paper
"From the story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" it appears that gender roles were very important in 17th Century Chinese society. Men were seen as being connected to the Yang(Menglong 91). In order to understand the importance of this it is necessary to look at the concept of Ying and Yang. Ying and Yang are often expressed in a symbol known as the Tai Ji Tu made up of two fish shaped symbols forming a circle. Yang is the active, male heaven principle. Ying is the passive, female earth principle."
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An Explanation of Gender Types, 2008.
An analysis of the various gender types and their roles in society.
853 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper opens with a description of the terms "hegemonic masculinity" and "ideal femininity" and suggests that if a man is not powerful then he is not perceived to be a man, while all women are feminine. The paper continues with comments and descriptions of other sexual deviants and concludes that although people are brought up to behave in their gender roles, it is possible to follow in the direction that one chooses.
Outline:
Hegemonic masculinity
Ideal femininity
Compulsory heterosexuality
Transgender sexuality
From the Paper
"Ideal Femininity
Sandra Lee Bartley describes "ideal femininity" as being an idealized aesthetic, arrived at by changing the perception of women from 'female' to 'feminine.' The first term, of course, is a term that refers strictly to the construction of the woman's body. The second term, however, refers to making that body soft, delicate, and attractive to the men that want to secure a woman as their mates. Bartley makes it clear that women are prey animals for the male predator in this culture, which makes women the possessions of the men that marry them. In addition to infantilizing women in the name of beauty, however, ideal femininity sets women against women, as each woman competes to be more soft, more delicate, and more attractive than all the other women around her."
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Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger", 2008.
This essay is a thematic analysis of Feng Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger" in terms of gender in 16th century China.
1,759 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The essay discusses the themes related to men and women in Feng Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger", a short story typical of vernacular courtesan romances popular with the 16th century shift towards a business culture prevalent through the Ming Dynasty. Specifically, the author analyzes the relationships between the character of Master Li with his father and with his lover Du Tenth.
Outline:
Introduction
The Economics of Brothels
Male Weakness as Unfeeling Behaviour
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"As a member of Li Zhi's school of writing which stressed human sentiment and behaviour, Feng stressed to the reader how Master Li had acted out of cowardice, thinking that the sale of Du Tenth would permit resolution in the future, that he could return to his family and later have Du Tenth. She is having no part of it, of course, having seen immediately what Sun had placed in Li's mind and how easily he had gone ahead with what seemed a solution. At once, the reader understands that her sentiment has been genuine along with her words, and also, that she is shrewd and when revealing the wealth she had amassed to give to her husband, that she is far better as business woman and person able to manage in the world. For Feng, men are cowardly when ignoring women's feelings, and easily manipulated, or opportunists in the manner of Sun who almost managed to get hold of Du Tenth. Unsurprisingly, in the romantic scheme of things, it is Du Tenth the whore who proves to have nobler sentiment, as well as intelligence. Feng summarized that 'Sun Fu, who thought nothing of throwing away a thousand taels in a plot to steal away a lovely woman, was certainly no gentleman, while Li Jia, who failed to recognize Du Tenth's sincere devotion, was a vulgar person not even worth talking about.' (p.855)
"The crowd wondered why she had not found a mate that suited her beauty and devotion, the whole story most pitiful in that she has suffered for her honesty, risked leaving the brothel behind, believing that she had found her future with Master Li who seems not to appreciate, at all, the radical step that she has taken, placing herself on the winds of fate, willing to go anywhere and face any consequences with the man she loves."
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Evolutionary Psychology and Sexual Attraction, 2008.
An analysis of men and women's different desires when it comes to sexual partners and how they go about obtaining what they are looking for.
2,112 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at what women want and at what men want when it comes to a sexual partner. It discusses how they go about obtaining the partners they find desirable and looks at the biological defense mechanisms in place to ensure that the right outcome is achieved. The paper first looks at how physical appearance and certain body types make both males and females more desirable to members of the opposite sex. It then examines why women are relatively less promiscuous than men and why the female orgasm is not linked to the exchange of genetic material in the same way that the male orgasm is.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Sexual Reproduction and Survival of the Fittest
Physical Appearance: What Men and Women Appear to Want - and How Physical Attractiveness Might Determine Personal Mating Selections and Behavior
The Behavioral Patterns of Men and Women vis-a-vis Sexuality (Relative Levels of Promiscuity)
The Function of Orgasm in Female/Male Sexual Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The female orgasm becomes important in all of this because an ovulating woman who is sexually aroused is in a position to have an orgasm that will facilitate the impregnation process. To wit, female orgasms shortly before or shortly after male ejaculation are associated with higher sperm retention whereas the absence of female orgasm greatly increases the likelihood that no impregnation will occur; in short, the female uterus appears more receptive to the male sperm than it would be otherwise (Baker & Bellis, 887-890). In the end, it may be put forward that the female orgasm is actually a defense mechanism for women that reduces the risk of pregnancy at the hands of men they may find tolerable but not altogether desirable; conversely, the male orgasm, to the extent it is always accompanied by ejaculation (and thus climax), can be viewed as a means by which pleasure and the male biological imperative are intertwined. As a result, physical gratification is a spur driving men towards the pursuit of sexual reproduction - and men, as noted, greatly increase their reproductive chances if they have sex with large numbers of women."
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Gender Wage Gap, 2008.
This paper discusses gender differences in wages in Canada.
3,558 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the female-wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential. More importantly the paper focuses on the literature that has explained this trend and how the literature has changed or incorporated analytical tools that are useful to the overall theoretical framework of female-wage differentials in Canada. The paper is organized to present empirical studies that differ in terms of modeling frameworks and with a focus on methodological differences throughout the literature. The writer concludes that even though as time progresses the female-male wage differential narrows in Canada, it is still a persistent problem and the literature will continue to change and use new methods to estimate and understand the female-male wage differential.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review: General Overview
Empirical Studies and Development
Comprehensive Analysis from Drolet
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many studies that focus on the Canadian labor market focus on the factors that affect the human capital investment in that environment, but the theoretical development is still based on the human capital explanation.
"There is extensive literature that uses the auspices of the marginal revenue productivity theory to explain how differences between men and women as it relates to education, experience, hours of work, occupation, and other institutional or structural factors affect the female-wage differential. This type of analysis has been used to explain country or region specific wage differentials because of the use of large cross-sectional data sets that can determine differences in the labor force composition within that particular country or region."
"Typically the female-wage differential models have focused on estimating different functions for males and females."
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The Failure of Technology to Induce Gender Equality., 2008.
A discussion on how gender can be defined in terms of technology.
2,554 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, rather than than serving as a force of gender equalization, technology seems to feature gender distinctions, and can be applied too, to reinforcing further distinctions of the kind. The paper relates that, if the technology of a society helps to reveal some of its principal activities and shines light on social values, beliefs and activities, one comes to see much in post-industrial North American society that does point to differences in women's expected concerns, activities and abilities, what they need that men do not need so often, and how time is spent. The paper concludes that women still have not received gender equity by way of technology.
Outline:
Introduction
Observations of Gender & Technology in a 24-Hour Period
An 'Archaeological' Reflection
Discussion
Gender as a Social Construction
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"If technology is understood as a machine replacing or easing human An effort, as in different kinds of mechanization, one assumes gender neutrality, but in an urban North American environment, everyday technology can seem gender specific. The following examples were encountered in one day.
"A supermarket revealed an entrance geared to persons in wheelchairs or 'mothers' with prams, the symbol of a sign indicating this wider entrance referring to a female with pram and children who would obviously use this convenience. In a hairdresser's supply shop, no fewer than twelve electric appliances were counted in a few minutes, all promoted in ways to show different curling irons, crimping irons, rollers and particular blow-dryers, as products used by women. A mechanic then noted that the car I drove had a standard transmission, commenting that many women preferred automatic transmissions. He seemed to believe that the latter had been invented for women. At a computer supply shop, a salesman took time to understand that I wished to know about software for architectural drawings. The packaging of two products happened to feature male models as though architectural drawing was not a female interest. An apartment building's power-assisted entrance was used by disabled persons and women, though there might just as easily have been two entrances featuring power-assisted doors. Similarly, a business that sold vacuum cleaners stressed light-weight canister vacuum cleaners on sale that were said to appeal to many woman customers. Lastly, two people with whom I spoke complained that female members of their households spent "hours yacking on the Internet" in reference to Email or MSN communication."
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"The Fall of Manhood" by Robert Sibley, 2008.
A review of an article in the 'Writer's Weekly' entitled "The Fall of Manhood", written by Robert Sibley.
946 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Robert Sibley perceives the role of the male in society, in his article "The Fall of Manhood". The paper explains that Sibley blames feminism for having confused male roles towards unwanted results in society. The paper looks at how this pattern prevails through the entire article through to a conclusion suggesting that women enjoy unfair advantages in society and that the result is none other than male violence. The writer then suggests that Sibley seems to feel that this male violence is to be expected, if not justified. The writer concludes the paper with the following question: If a gender neutral society and altered roles for males are to blame, then why has male violence been rather a constant force affecting women and children?
Outline:
Introduction
Paragraph Analysis
Conceptual Essay
For Further Exploration
From the Paper
"One explores violence against women, in terms of the way of thinking of a battering male and learns that the individual in question is not a 'fine' example of manhood, in the least, but a cowardly, usually insecure person who attempts to control a spouse or other women in his life in compensation. Whereas Sibley criticized eased divorce laws in Western societies, he does not reflect on why these laws have been pioneered in the later 20th century, in greater understanding of women who do need to leave violent or otherwise abusive marriages and who were not served by previous laws that made divorce difficult to obtain. Indeed, Sibley does not consider how prevalent male violence may have been in the past, though asserting that it is extremely common in the present and a result of social change that has removed male traditional roles and functions."
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Women, Men and Unpaid Work, 2008.
This paper discusses the housework and unpaid domestic work that is mainly completed by women.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that although women are today more present in the workforce than in the past, women are still responsible for much of the unpaid household work as well as the raising of children. This paper examines this 'second shift' most women face everyday. The paper argues that although the domestic labour is undervalued and considered a 'labour of love', it is crucial in today's society and plays a large and important role in economic development, the free market and capitalism. The paper also shows that women's paid and unpaid work are connected and impact one another as well as the continuing gender inequality in our society.
From the Paper
"Partly at fault for this is the society in general and in particular the family, as a basic unit of any society, because they send very specific sex-stereotyped messages about what the roles of men and women are in the society. Although the view on what the typical gender roles are has somewhat changed, both women and men are still expected to fit a certain stereotype. First, there is the traditional division between the public and the private sphere. Men are expected to be more inv9olved with the public sphere while women are to concern themselves with the private sphere, mainly within the domain of the households. Across the great majority of cultures, women are considered to be the 'gentler gender' and more 'suited for the nurturing and caring tasks of childcare. Traditional male and female family roles are still very present in society today and society and the media continue to encourage them."
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