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In Defense of Marriage, 2005.
A look at both sides of the controversial issue of gay marriages.
3,186 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper first presents brief summaries of arguments both for and against homosexual marriages. The paper then argues the author's opinion that same-sex partners are entitled to the same legal recognition of their marriages as heterosexual couples.
From the Paper
"To some people, the mere mention of the words "gay" and "marriage" in the same sentence are like red flags to a bull. They rant and rave that same-sex marriage is wrong and threaten a backlash against the gay and lesbian community if activists seek marital rights. While it may have been easy to dismiss those types of statements as right-wing propaganda, the results of election 2004, in which the voters of many states enacted legislation prohibiting gay marriage, have made a number of people, both within and without of the gay community, make it impossible to simply dismiss the statements."
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Abortion, 2005.
Presents arguments in favor of the right to abortion.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the individual arguments put forth by those opposed to abortion and counters each of these arguments by pointing out the lack of rationale in the moral arguments of the anti-abortionists, as well as the erroneous nature of their constitutional arguments.
From the Paper
"The debate over abortion has continued since the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision of 30 years ago that made abortion legal in the U.S. Each side, pro-life and pro-choice, believes it has the definitive argument regarding the issue. Whether one side or the other has the moral high ground, however, one thing is certain; women had been having abortions for centuries before Roe v. Wade. Before Roe v. Wade, the human toll was immense: "It is estimated that before 1973, 1.2 million women resorted to illegal abortion yearly and that botched illegal abortions caused as many as 5,000 deaths a year" according to National Abortion Rights Action League statistics (Quoted by Feminist.org Web site)."
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Gender and Jealousy, 2005.
Examines traits of jealousy in both sexes and discusses the theory that men are more jealous than women.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
It has been argued by some theorists that men have evolved to be more jealous then women because jealousy promotes the male's genetic fitness. This paper first examines jealousy as a whole and its causes. Then, it examines research on the concept that men are more jealous than women and shows that, while there is evidence for this theory, there is also substantial evidence that women and men are equally jealous.
From the Paper
"Since women rely on the male to impregnate them, and since they can choose their partners, they are able to control who supplies the genetic material for their offspring. Males, however, rely on the female to reproduce. Thus, while they can have sexual relations with the female, they cannot assure that the female is not having sexual relations with another. This means that men are less able to control the passing on of genetic materials (Buss, 1996)."
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Communication and Gender Differences, 2004.
An analysis of feminism through insights from 20th century literary works, with a focus on the prevalence of gendered communication in the workplace.
1,343 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of feminism through a review of the works of Glaspell, Atwood, and Gilman. The paper examines how issues of communication in "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "A Jury of Her Peers" by Susan Glaspell, and Margaret Atwood's "You Fit into Me," demonstrate the inability of women to express themselves and communicate effectively in their society. The analyses of these literary works are then applied in the present context where the ideology of feminism made it possible for communication across gender differences. This paper also argues that feminism is vital in human society in order to generate understanding of the differences and similarities of men and women.
From the Paper
"Feminist ideology is discussed in-depth in Gilman's "The yellow wallpaper," where the protagonist (also the narrator of the story) experiences a downfall towards insanity in order to 'escape' her reality that she is "imprisoned," literally and figuratively, in a patriarchal society. The narrator's perverse preoccupation with the yellow wallpaper in her room illustrates her imprisonment, where she is forced by her husband John to confine herself in a room because she is weak, a physical condition resulting from her too-frequent nervous breakdowns."
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Gay Bishop, Episcopal Church, 2005.
A look at the divisive issue within the Episcopal Church of ordaining a homosexual minister.
1,718 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Episcopal Church's views of homosexuality and how it has addressed issues such as homosexual weddings and homosexual ministers. The paper describes the divisive nature of the subject and how some within the church take a more liberal stance regarding homosexuality and how others are still strictly opposed to it.
From the Paper
"The Episcopal Church in the United States is a quiet affair, not known for rollicking revivals as are other Protestant denominations, nor it is beholden to the Pope as is Roman Catholicism, the religion that spawned the Church of England when King Henry VIII wanted to divorce and remarry, ultimately becoming the nominal head of a new church, the Church of England. The Church of England, in turn, spawned the Anglican Communion, a federation of churches all following the liturgies and other aspects of the Church of England. Generally, they are named after their country of residence: Church of Ireland, for example. However, in the United States, the branch of the Anglican Communion calls itself the Episcopal Church. While the Anglican Communion does not regard the Pope as its spiritual head, it has instead the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Rowan Williams, filling the role as leader of the church; while the Anglican Communion traces its prelates through apostolic succession, as does the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion accords virtual equality in many ways to all successors to the original apostles."
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Intersexuality, 2004.
This paper discusses intersexuality, meaning between male and female, neither male or female, as presented by Christine Gorman and Wendy Cole in the "Time" magazine article, "Between the Sexes".
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most important information contained in "Between the Sexes" is the perception of gender, gender identity, and gender flexibility. The author points out that the article determines that intersexuality is more a social than a medical issue by raising the question of whether it is appropriate or desirable to assign a gender at birth to an intersexual child. The paper relates that, by using several interview subjects, the authors illustrate how intersexuality affects individual people personally; therefore, they treat the subject from an intimate perspective and don't just provide a dry overview of the topic.
From the Paper
"The authors also question the notion of that "there are just two separate sexes." The topic of intersexuality naturally raises the issue of whether gender should be rigidly defined or whether gender should rather be viewed on a continuum. Thus, Gorman and Cole work to dispel the prevalent social myth that all individuals must be assigned a clear, unequivocal gender status. Examining the collective phenomena of intersexuality can also help people to contemplate gender roles and social norms in society."
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"Sex and the City", 2004.
An analysis of the concepts of love, sex, and career in the HBO television series, "Sex and the City," reflecting various facets of women in American society.
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes two important points that emerge from an analysis of the TV series, "Sex and the City". The first issue covered is that the show demonstrates a transition among its characters, wherein the image of the modern woman is immediately replaced during the last season of the program to illustrate women facing challenges that real women confront in real life. The second point examined in the paper is that each "Sex and the City" character represents a particular facet of femininity and womanhood that the show's audiences can relate to, giving the show its human and realistic element.
From the Paper
"More than a study of femininity, "Sex and the City" is also an example of a popular culture material that intends to fuse the experiences of individuals eventually achieving self-realization and accomplishment in life, while at the same time presenting life as it is projected by the mass media through the medium of television. Because the program is representative of the contemporary American society, "Sex and the City" provides insightful information about changing concepts about love, sex, and career in the women sector, as illustrated in the characters of Carrie, Samantha, Charlotte, and Miranda."
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Gender Disparities in Health, 2005.
An in-depth look at whether men and women react differently in different health crisis situations.
4,125 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the disparity among men and women might be apparent in the manner in which they respond to certain ailments. It shows that inadequate proof on gender disparities in health does not indicate that differences between men and women are trouble-free. The writer argues that there is an urgency to delve more into the characteristics of gender disparities than persisting to work for the given notions. While discovering the associations between gender and health, the writer concludes that it is crucial that one considers quantitative and qualitative information data to develop a more patterned comprehension of the lives of men and women.
From the Paper
"Gender is a vital feature in comprehending the intricate correlation among the socio-structural disparities and disparity of health. (Goodman; Amick; Rezendes; Tarlov; Rogers; Kagan, 907) The use of the expression 'gender' was originally made in the 1960s to confront the widespread conviction that variation of gender among women and men were permanent and rigid. It pointed a departure from the genetic code in the field of biology that comprehended these variations as happening naturally, to an increasing consciousness of the influence of societal reasons that could be tackled and modified. Latest plans for the growth of gender-receptive point of view have attracted notice in the direction of gender relationships, reasoning that we should be shifting our attention from the issue of women and men as watertight compartments to envisioning at the societal relationships by way of which they are reciprocally made up as distinct groups. This would comprise exploring in larger aspect as to the manner in which the influence of men falls on women's well-being and vice versa, by way of the extensive multiplicity of individual, familial and professional relationships that subsists among the two. (O'Brien; White, 2)"
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The Beauty Pageant Culture, 2004.
An analysis of issues of gender and power in the beauty pageant culture of America.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how beauty pageants define gender, hierarchy, and power. The paper contends that, despite growing resentments to a male-imposed version of femininity, women in America are influenced by a wide range of powerful cultural messages that serve to define unrealistic expectations of what women should look like and how they should act. The paper explores the Miss America, Miss Universe, and Miss World pageants.
From the Paper
"Data for the winners of the Miss America competition from 1921 to 1986 (when the pageant stopped collecting the data) were analyzed by Freese and Meland; these researchers found that simple correlations between WHR and a linear measure of the time of pageant victory show that the WHRs of Miss American winners have changed over time. The correlation coefficients indicate that the WHR Miss America winners have decreased over time (r =.-55, p < .001) and those of Playboy centerfold models have increased over time (r =.46, p < .001) (Freese & Meland, 2002, p. 135). On the one hand, the authors say these results could reasonably be assumed to mean that this is evidence of an invariance in the underlying preference over time; the opposing trends, while important, could merely reflect idiosyncrasies of employing self-reported Playboy and Miss America measurements as measures of indicators of American male preferences for specific gender characteristics in the opposite sex at a given point in time. In other words, they say, because the trends are in opposite directions, they can be thought of as canceling each other out, allowing the conclusion that reflected WHR preferences have effectively been temporally invariant despite evidence of change in both samples (Freese & Meland, 2002, p. 136)."
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Gender and Education, 2004.
An analysis of the implication of gender on academic achievements.
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the notion that males and females perform differently in the classroom. The paper contends that the goal of educators should be to minimize the stereotypical belief systems that influence gender achievement and help teachers focus on aiding students, whether male or female, in accomplishing as much as they can and holding everyone, regardless of sex, to the highest standards of achievement in the classroom. Traditional stereotypical beliefs about student achievement based on gender must be abolished in order for success in the classroom to be realized.
From the Paper
"There are many different theories that exist with regard to gender and education. A majority of these stem from statistical research and analysis which suggest that males and females perform differently in the classroom. Many of the studies that have evolved around gender and education focus on the role of gender stereotyping to explain the performance gap that sometimes exist with regard to educational achievement between males and females (Ayim, Diller, Houston & Morgan, 1996), whereas others focus on scientific analysis of genetic influences on gender differentiation in the classroom (Alsup & Sprigler, 2003; Zohan, 1998). Of the studies that have been conducted, one may conclude simply that many different factors affect achievement for males and females in the classroom."
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, 2004.
An analysis of pelvic inflammatory disease .
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses pelvic inflammatory disease, a highly transmittable and serious condition, which requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The paper contends that delayed diagnosis and treatment will result in poor prognosis and serious complications, such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain. The paper presents suggestions to prevent this disease. While research is still underway in developing good diagnostic and effective treatment methods, the paper recommends a common sense approach to contain the spread of the disease would be to maintain sexual hygiene and follow precautionary measures.
From the Paper
"Antibiotics constitute the mainstay treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Treatment for PID presents two main problems. First, obtaining the specimens from the upper genital tracts is difficult. Second, the infection may be attributed to multiple pathogenic agents all of which may not respond to a prescribed medication. Physicians in general prescribe a combination of antibiotics to fight the infection. Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin are some of the commonly prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of PID. The safety of the drug for use during pregnancy must be ascertained before beginning the course. Also it is necessary as a preemptive measure to treat sexual partners in order to completely eliminate the possibility of reinfection. In acute cases where there is severe damage to the peritoneal tissues or bursting of abscess, surgical interventions are necessary. Intrauterine devises need to removed be in order not to increase risk of reinfection."
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Human Biological Variation, 2005.
A paper on the question of human behavior and whether it is genetically or biologically influenced.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explores some of the aspects of the nature versus nurture controversy. The paper studies the complex interplay between genotype and phenotype variables via findings in various disciplines to determine if the genotype (nature aspect) is more influential than the phenotype (the nurture aspect) in determining human behavior.
Background
Literature Review
Methodology
From the Paper
"On the theory that no behavior is more emblematic of a person?s behavior than their sexual behavior, which arises from their sexual identity, a study of gender identification and the nature-nurture debate seems a logical one to decide the issue without dissent. (It should be noted, however, that arguably, a case might be made that this is not so, at least in the case of transgendered individuals and those whose behavior includes such contrarian behaviors as cross-dressing.) However, an article by Hausman (2000), dissects the results of enculturation of (and often surgery upon) individuals born with indeterminate physical sexual identifying characteristics. Hausman uses the case of twin sex reassignment to comment on the way gender operates in the nature vs. nurture debate, at least in terms of gender identity."
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Gay Soldiers, 2004.
A comparative analysis of two newspaper articles on homosexuals in the military.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in 2001, the "New York Times Magazine" published an editorial by Andrew Sullivan entitled, "Who's Being Shut Out of All the World War II Glory?" In it, Sullivan asked why historians, both in Washington and Hollywood, have ignored the contributions of gay soldiers and links this to the current ?don?t ask, don?t tell? policy that was resulting in an upsurge in sexuality-related discharges from the military. In comparison, it looks at David Horowitz's response article entitled, ?Why Gays Shouldn?t Serve.?
From the Paper
"This is very different from Horowitz? position. Horowitz actually acknowledges that there should be more recognition for former homosexual soldiers. He also says that allowing openly gay people in the army would be bad not because homosexuals deserve to be discriminated against, but for the very simple reason that if there were homosexuals in the army that would introduce a factor of sex and individuality. This would, he then suggests, culminate in unreliable soldiers who might make poor decisions to protect their lovers. He, oddly, backs this up by evidence regarding how few women report for duty and how many get pregnant. Homosexuality, he suggests, does not deserve discrimination, but gay people should not be allowed to serve in the military where they might sleep with each other."
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Sexual Harassment, 2004.
This paper analyzes two journal articles about sexual harassment in the workplace.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both articles acknowledge the prevalence of sexual harassment and note that gender differentiations still exist in the workplace. The author points out that a large body of evidence suggests that workplace discrimination is an insidious problem that, in some instances, is ignored for fear of conflict in the workplace. The paper relates that, from each of the articles, one might conclude that sexual harassment training might need to be more gender-specific because the dominant theory seems to be that men and women view sexual harassment in the workplace very differently.
Table of Contents
Article 1: ?A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Harassment.? By Rotundo, Nguyen & Sackett
Article 2: ?Well Below the Threshold for Sexual Harassment Can Help You Avoid An Unexpected Lawsuit.? J.W. Janove
Analysis
From the Paper
"This article is critical because it discusses not simply the topic of harassment but works to identify what behaviors are sexually harassing and how men and women may perceive different behaviors in the workplace. In order for managers to fully understand what behaviors actually constitute sexual harassment, the researchers point out it is critical that studies first analyze how individual differences in perceptions of sexual harassment come into existence and affect perceptions of harassment in the workplace."
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