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Language Differences between Men and Women, 2006.
A paper looking at how males and females communicate and how verbal and non-verbal messages are developed and sent.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several studies concerning the differences between male and female communication. The paper concludes that there are both differences and similarities in how men and women communicate but the differences, while they may be subtle, have judgemental consequences. Such consequences, the paper notes, can be seen in the way that female speakers are rated higher on socio-intellectual status and aesthetic quality while males are rated higher on dynamism.
From the Paper
"Status is also designated in this power scheme. Many of the "women's language" such as politeness and raising the ends of sentences is found more in low- versus high-status individuals. "Women's language" seems to be more often used when individuals are unemployed, housewives or have lower jobs than well-educated people and professionals (O'Barr & Atkins, 1980). Subordinates share higher rates of speech associated with women than they do their managers. Single male parents use language more similar to single mothers than married fathers. It is recognized, then, that language is not just a matter of gender dominance, but goes hand-in-hand with status as well."
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?Let?s Talk Gender, Baby?, 2006.
A look at the the interplay of dominant and alternative voices in Wendy Kaminer's essay, "Let's Talk Gender, Baby".
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author identifies and analyzes the multiple voices used by the author in "Let's Talk About Gender, Baby" in terms of patterns in the way the author uses those voices and in terms of how the author uses, and controls, the various voices (including her own).
From the Paper
"Throughout the essay, Wendy Kaminer's authorial voice dominates all others. As the author, Kaminer decides just when to use her own voice, and just when to use voices of others, alternatively, to offer examples of why the particular main points she makes about gender and language are valid. The essay "Let's Talk about Gender, Baby" offers a skillful, powerful, and, I believe, effective "mosaic" of voices. As its author, however, Wendy Kaminer not only creates, but controls the framework of the mosaic, as well as all of its intricate patterns."
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College Students and Marriage, 2006.
A paper discussing the qualities that single college students look for in future marriage partners.
3,419 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This research paper explores the types of qualities that single college students look for in a future marriage partner. To conduct the study, eight single college students ranging from the age of 21 to the age of 30 years old were interviewed and a review of relevant literature was conducted. The paper concludes with the findings that the qualities that males and females are seeking in a mate vary according to gender, especially among college students.
From the Paper
"Few things remain consistent or predictable from one generation to the next. It has been said that the only thing constant is change, and the speed with which social trends and values change in American society seems testament to this. The cycle of life itself is the common thread that ties each generation of life to the next, and in American life at least, the cycle of life manifests through the tradition of marriage. Seeking, pursuing, and finally securing a desired mate is the most natural expression of life possible. However, marriage trends and ideals are not themselves stationary. Wedding fashions, marriage and divorce rates, socio-demographic statistics, and the values of marriage are constantly changing, and the evolution of these factors may be used to define the overarching moral and values system of a group of people or period of time. The mating game is certainly a significant one."
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Code of Ethics in the Department of Justice, 2005.
Analyzes the code of ethics for the U.S. Department of Justice from a scientific and professional point of view.
5,135 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 91.95
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Abstract
The topic of ethics from the aspect of a professional and scientific viewpoint has emerged as a topic of significant concern in recent years, both for the Department of Justice and for other organizations as well. Ethics is generally a term used to describe a set of values that describe what is right or wrong, good or bad. As a result, guidelines and discussions surrounding ethics should be applicable to a broad range of cases, as conflicts are likely to arise between ethical principles. Any system of ethical principles is derived from philosophical reasoning, and research in this area indicates that if we have a system of a few principles that apply in all cases and are never contradictory, we have a clear and precise ethical system. As easy as it sounds, however, this is not always the case. This paper examines and analyzes the code of ethics from a professional and scientific perspective.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
1: Code of Ethics: Guidelines
2. Male and Females: Are Laws the Same?
3. Profiling in Hiring
4. Reality vs Morality of Ethics
5. Ethics
6. Sexual Harassment
7. Confidentiality
8. Inappropriate Relationships
9. Integrity
10. Crossing the Line
11. Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Many questions have been raised as to what the term "ethics" actually refers to. From a professional and scientific point of view, the ethics of business and the moral code of our society are inseparable, sometimes indistinguishable (Solomon & Hanson, 1985). Ethics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the principles and standards of human conduct. Ethics arise not from man's law but from human nature itself making it a body of natural laws from which man's laws follow (Bottorff, 2004). Ethics is a normative science that is concerned with the norms of human conduct. As a science ethics must follow the same rigors of logic as other sciences. When scientific ethical reasoning is properly applied ethics becomes a useful tool for sorting out the good and bad components of complex human interactions (Bottorff, 2004)."
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Sexual Behavior in Movies, 2005.
An exploration of three films from different periods in order to ascertain how sexual behavior in movies changed over time.
2,104 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "Midnight Cowboy" (1969), "Deliverance" (1972) and "Indecent Proposal" (1993) and discusses how attitudes towards sexual promiscuity and sexual behavior has changed over the 40 year period. Each film is discussed in detail and a conclusion is provided.
From the Paper
"The three films discussed above show that there have been significant changes in patterns of sexual behavior which have been reflected in popular films. The element of sexuality has always been an important part of the artist and filmmakers resources. However, the concept of sexuality changes over time. While sexuality was seen as a natural element of life that is innocent within itself but could be abused in the 1960's, we find that the films from the 1990's see sex as an intrinsically dangerous element that has closer associations with disease and money than before. "
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Gay Marriage, 2005.
Position paper arguing in favor of gay marriages.
1,303 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper maintains that arguments presented in opposition of gay marriages are flawed and invalid. The author explains that religious arguments opposed to gay marriages are invalid because they violate the principle of separation of church and state and that the right to a gay marriage should be guaranteed because it is an issue of civil rights.
From the Paper
"One of the central arguments against gay marriage is that it will have a negative affect on the institution of the family and adversely impact on the upbringing of children. Yet, there has been no proof of these claims and research has indicated that no significant difference has been identified between children brought up in family headed by a gay couple and a heterosexual family. Despite this there are still many people who have strong reservations about gay marriage and gay couples who rear children. The first question that arises in the research about gay marriage is why such avid opposition to the idea of gay marriage continues to exist, even for those who do not oppose basic rights for gay people."
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Eating Disorders among Asian-Americans, 2006.
A study on eating disorders among Asian-Americans that looks at why the number of Asian-Americans suffering from such disorders is on the rise.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This study attempts to explore and delineate the problem of eating disorders among Asian-Americans. The study presents an overview of the issue and explains its finding that there does indeed exist a serious problem with regards to eating disorders among Asian-Americans, particularly among women. The paper further explains that the syndrome is exacerbated by the complexity of acculturation in American society and then discusses these and other aspects affecting eating disorders in this segment of the population. One of the central findings of the study is that there has been relatively little research of quality conducted on this subject.
Introduction
Outline of the Problem
Overview of the Major Eating Disorders
Causes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a common myth that eating disorders are usually found among white females and males and not among the Asian population. In general "Many assume that certain "blanket factors" protect minority communities from the disease, such as a general appreciation for larger body sizes, less emphasis on physical attractiveness, and a stable family and social structure." (Park E, 200) However, research and studies show that the Asian-American population is deeply affected by factors that prompt eating disorders. This, as many researchers attest, can be seen in the increasing number of Asian-Americans seeking treatment for eating disorders at mental health clinics. (ibid) "
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"Boys will be Boys", 2005.
This paper analyzes Myriam Miedzian's book "Boys will be Boys" about male violence in modern society.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the fundamental premise of Myriam Miedzian's "Boys will be Boys" is that violence in society can be drastically reduced, both in terms of war and crime, if society is willing to tear down the traditional archetypes of masculinity. The author points out that one of the most common lines of attack that Miedzian takes into consideration is the notion that somehow the male is biologically inclined to be violent, which stems from the argument put forth by a number of socio-biologists. The paper concludes that proposals for changing this archetype are likely to be insufficient in ultimately shifting the perspective held by society because market forces are likely to continue advertising and supporting the male as a figure of action for the simple reason that it is profitable.
From the Paper
"The second powerful argument that Miedzian is forced to grapple with deals with the theories of political realism. Specifically, the idea that violent and aggressive males are advantageous to society because of foreign struggles and wars. Still, she classifies this premise as false and writes, "The 'real men' who run our country are handicapped by the values of the masculine mystique to make rational foreign policy decisions. . . . The masculine mystique teaches men to be tough, to repress empathy, and not to let moral concerns weigh to heavily when the goal is winning." Overall, she believes that these traits are harmful on a large scale and inevitable lead to unnecessary conflict."
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Women and Work, 2004.
An analysis of the status of women in the workplace.
1,689 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the long-standing secondary status of females in the workforce. The paper examines how far women have come and questions whether the current statistics on the employment of women show progress. The paper contends that women are entering the workforce in greater numbers and are finding opportunities that did not exist a few years ago, but overall the disparities still exist. The paper outlines these disparities, explaining that women still make less money than men, still cannot advance as far and are still subject to discrimination and to presumptuous attitudes about why they work, whether they will stay on the job or get married and leave and whether they are as capable as men doing the same job.
From the Paper
"Women have long been given secondary status in the workplace, with lower pay being one of the signs of this. The pay disparity that exists between men and women has a historical basis rather than a rational one. That is, women have only entered the workforce slowly throughout our history and have been shunted off to lower-paying and dead-end jobs for most of that history. Women at one time were denied the education they would need to perform in any better paying occupations. In addition, women were seen as not needing employment as much as did males. Women were expected to marry and to be supported by their husbands. Women's "proper" work was in the home, and work in the home was not paid. Whether true or not, women who worked outside the home were seen as seeking additional money for the family or as indulging themselves in a hobby, and in either case they could be paid less because they were not the primary breadwinner."
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Sports Sociology, 2004.
An analysis of the sociology of sports and gender defining issues.
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of masculinity and femininity in sport. The paper contends that in order to understand the equation of sports and masculinity, one should initially examine sports and femininity. The paper explains that those sports that are labeled feminine and would detract from rather than support a man's masculinity are those (at least in western cultures) that allow the participant to conform to the stereotypes of femininity. The function of sport in society is examined in the paper.
Outline
Introduction
Considering the Masculine and the Feminine Principles
Societal Function of Sport
Boys Will Be Boys, If They Find Out How
The Most Powerful Form of Masculinity
Anecdotal Evidence
Not Playing, but Winning, Equals Masculinity
Sports Dominance Equals Dominance, Period
Conclusion
From the Paper
"French, German, Spanish and a number of other languages ascribe gender-masculinity and femininity-to every noun in the language. Sometimes the reasoning is not accessible: Why should a German ornament--denoted by the word Schmuck--be masculine, for instance? And why should Schrift (writing) be feminine? While these are imponderables, understanding the masculine qualities of sports is less difficult. Indeed, understanding that, in modern society, sports are equated with masculinity is not difficult at all. Despite the labeling of various activities as masculine and feminine, sports "have generally been labeled as masculine, although some sports are considered to be feminine" (Koivula 2001 377+). Koivula believes that sport is a representation of the cultural milieu in which it occurs and that sports both reflect and reproduce the attitudes, beliefs, rituals and values of the society. "It is therefore argued that sport has been, and continues to be, a site for the construction, reconstruction, strengthening, and naturalization of perceived gender differences" (Koivula 2001 377+), and notably, it contributes to the ways in which each gender is valued by society."
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Gender in Physical Education, 2005.
A research proposal about gender issues in physical education in middle school-aged children.
1,339 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research proposal is an evaluation of the gender issues and problems that arise in physical education classes in middle school. The writer explains that the research will focus on the impact well rounded physical education has on middle school students, while particularly aspiring to answer the following questions: (1) what gender issues currently exist in physical education at the middle school level, (2) are boys and girls presented the same opportunities in middle school phys-ed, and (3) what changes might be made to resolve these issues based on past practice and current knowledge.
From the Paper
"There is some evidence suggesting that girls are participating more in middle school athletic programs, however there is also an ample body of evidence suggesting that there are still many barriers to this participation including perceptions that "girls with talent in athletics are considered tomboyish" (Olasov & Ryan, 2000:37). There are numerous factors that can negatively impact girls full participation in activities "including stereotyping from parents, teachers and even coaches", and lack of awareness among this same group of the potential social, emotional, physical and cognitive benefits physical education has to offer (Olasov & Ryan, 2000: 37)."
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Single-Gender Testing, 2005.
A research study evaluating the impact of single-gender grouping for achievement testing.
9,559 words (approx. 38.2 pages), 54 sources, APA, £ 139.95
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Abstract
This research focuses on one of the strategies that have been used for improving the learning of both boys and girls--that of testing single-gender groupings of students. The research focuses on a comprehensive middle school in South Carolina where this strategy had been implemented. Although single-gender groupings of students have been seen as one way in which the learning of boys and of girls might be enhanced along with other strategies, the long-term effectiveness of single-gender groupings as an appropriate intervention strategy has yet to be established.
Introduction
School Profile
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
Major Nationwide Studies
Before and After Studies
Academic Studies
Gender Differences in General
National and Large-Scale Studies
Before and After Studies
Academic studies
Methodology
Program Rationale
From the Paper
"During the last decade of the twentieth century many heads of schools, academic researchers, policy-makers and the media expressed much concern about an apparent 'gender gap' between girls' and boys' achievements in public schools. The gap varies in its nature at different key stages, and across subjects (Arnot et al., 1998). Research has been wide-ranging, focusing on a number of explanations and confirming the complex and multifaceted nature of the situation in schools."
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Michel Foucault, 2005.
A discussion of Michel Foucault's views on gender, sexuality and power.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper first explains Foucault's general position that authorities and institutions should not be what determine the truth or reality for others. The paper then explains that it is from this perspective that Foucault considers the question of identity, subjectivity, sex and power in the world. The paper further explains Foucault's emphasis that authentic truth is that which is not established or forced on the individual and that he approaches and questions gender and sexually in the same light.
From the Paper
"In an interview conducted in 1982, Stephen Riggins asked Foucault about the role of the philosopher in society. Foucault answered that "It is absolutely true that when I write a book I refuse to take a prophetic stance, that is, the one of saying to people: here is what you must do-and also: this is good and this is not". (Hendricks C.)"
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Aggressive Driving, 2005.
A research proposal for investigating the phenomenon of aggressive driving behavior.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This research study investigates gender differences in aggressive driving. The paper begins by presenting a clear definition of the term aggressive driving and by establishing the extent of the problem via various research results and hypotheses. The paper also considers the fact that aggressive driving behavior is on the rise worldwide and then uses all of this information to investigate gender differences in cases of aggressive driving.
From the Paper
"A central thrust of this study will be based on patterns of behavior as they apply to gender differences. Fro example, the distinct difference between male and female drivers with regard to aggressive behavior while driving has been shown to be the case in the UK. This gender pattern has been measured in relation to various quantifiable variables. One of the most significant statistics is the accident rate as a direct result of aggressive driving behavior. "In all studies and analyses, without exception, men have been shown to have a higher rate of (car) crashes than women". (Sex differences in driving and insurance risk, 2004) Differences between male and female drivers in terms of crash rates are shown in a wide range of countries, including the United States, Europe, Asia and Africa. The figures consistently show that males are significantly more at risk than females. (ibid)"
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