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Sexism in Advertising, 2006.
A look at gender-biased advertisements and whether they reflect societal views or influence them.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This essay considers whether gender-biased advertisements are a reflection of the social status quo or whether they are actually creating the basis for sexist stereotyping in our society. To consider this topic further, the paper explains that it must be examined from a cause and effect point of view and then attempts to shed some light as to the reasons, both implicit and explicitly, why advertisements rely so heavily on sexist, gender-biased images to sell products. The paper concludes with the finding that mass media can definitely propagate sexual stereotypes as well as perpetuate existing ones.
From the Paper
"Advertisements typically emphasize the use of cosmetics and household wares by women while girls are portrayed playing with dolls and domestic appliances. Boys on the other hand are pictured playing with vehicles and games of war and competition, while men are associated with cars and sports. This in turn creates the impression of women as emotional and dependent and men as aggressive, dominant and independent. (footnote 1) In an advertisement for Nautica, we see two men playing football, a sport associated with masculinity, while wearing the Nautica line of clothing and accessories (Vanity Fair 38-39). If one is careful in observing the ad, the models can be seen wearing watches while playing."
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The Use of Pornography in "The Canterbury Tales", 2006.
This paper discusses author Geoffrey Chaucer's use of graphic sex in his classic novel 'The Canterbury Tales."
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper asserts that Chaucer's novel "The Canterbury Tales" is arguably one of the earliest pornographic work of literature ever written and goes on to explain how the sexual adventures and graphically described bodily functions in the novel would be much more apparent if written in modern English. The writer discusses the plot and main characters of the novel while giving examples of the author's use of sexually explicit connotations throughout the story.
From the Paper
"The two students from the school (Aleyn and John) know of his bad reputation when they are assigned to bring cornmeal for grinding into flour. They decide they will exact revenge upon the miller for cheating the university. However he distrusts them and while they are not looking he unties their horse so it escapes into the woods. While they are retrieving it, he steals half the flour from their sack with his wife's and daughter's aid. But the student clerks have not forgotten their plan and when they return they ask to pay for room and board for the night. The miller agrees, telling them they must sleep together in one bed, while he and his wife share another bed and his daughter sleeps in a third. He then goes to bed thinking he has fooled them."
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"Curriculum Development in the Postmodern Era", 2006.
A review of the issues of race, gender and ethnicity in the education field as detailed in Patrick Slattery's "Curriculum Development in the Postmodern Era."
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how modern curriculum development has systematically and philosophically tended to ignore issues of race, gender and ethnicity and discusses how potentially contentious matters such as race and gender infuse all aspects of our daily lives including education. The writer of this paper concludes by submitting two critical questions to generate and facilitate seminar debate.
From the Paper
"Curriculum in the postmodern era should acknowledge openly the pressures and "absurdities" of the longstanding modern bias as well as the traditions of discriminatory assumptions shaping educational culture; such open admissions are not in place, he states, "to perpetuate paralysis and hatred but to constantly remind us of the consequences of racism, sexism, and cultural elitism." Racial discrimination with the curriculum does exist, Slattery essentially argues, as does ethnic stereotyping and gender bias and the first step in addressing these deeply-rooted imbalances is to admit openly that the exist in even the most "liberal" institution or program."
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"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", 2006.
This paper analyzes the dehumanizing effects and struggles of female slavery in Harriet Jacobs's book "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl."
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the struggles of female enslavement, the dehumanizing effects of slavery as well as ultimate escape of author Harriet Jacobs, as detailed so vividly in her book "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl." This paper also focuses on Jacobs's gender which lends a certain uniqueness to the experiences surrounding her struggles and her final resulting escape.
From the Paper
"Of course, many masters abused their female slaves, certainly lending justification to escape by these women. This is true in the story, as Jacobs describes the events leading to Dr. Flint's abuse. Furthermore, she explains that feelings and emotions that surround many households, particularly between masters and mistresses, because of this sexual abuse. Dr. Flint's abuse of Jacobs, however, led to another form of oppression because of her gender. Mrs. Flint initially offers Jacobs protection from Dr. Flint's advances. Although this offer is made out of jealousy, Mrs. Flint takes Jacobs into her room to sleep at night."
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Homosexuality as a Deviant Social Condition, 2006.
An examination of the attitudes to homosexuality today.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies sexuality of all kinds all around us, on the Internet, on movie posters, on radio "shock-jock" programs and on street corners where people of all genders attempt to sell their bodies to pay for rent or drugs.The author states that despite all this supposed openness, where even America's president has admitted a dalliance in the Oval Office, the idea of homosexuality as acceptable behavior still eludes the majority of Americans.The paper concludes that although homosexuality is more common it is still not accepted as it should be.
From the Paper
" For far too long in the Twentieth century, we have laughed at the limp-wristed beautician and window dressers, and on TV, there was Paul Lynde, and in older movies, Franklin Pangborn and Eric Blore and Edward Everett Horton. But, these people never threatened the rest of us. And then, came the AIDS crisis, and the deaths of masculine stars like Rock Hudson. Funny, we would say to our dates, or our parents, "He doesn't LOOK gay."
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Beauty: Is It in the Eye of the Beholder?, 2006.
An analysis of the notion of beauty throughout history.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the concept of beauty, examining the views of influential thinkers and society as a whole. The author looks at how beauty has been defined historically, as well as in modern times, and emphasizes the feminine associations with attractiveness. The paper discusses sexuality as it relates to beauty, concluding that, at least today, beauty and sex are intertwined. Finally, the paper investigates the role of emotion -- particularly romantic love -- in perceiving beauty.
From the Paper
"Beauty is seldom an individual opinion. Again, we need to consider beauty as a more or less feminine trait. Men are seldom called "beautiful", except in the statues of the ancient Greeks and Romans, whose admiration for a physical body is timeless (especially when compared to the female body). There is no doubt that, if we can agree that beauty differs according to the desires or gratification of the onlooker or admirer, beauty can not provide a single form. We can fantasize about "beauty" when we see Madonna, perhaps, or Marilyn Molnroe, or Gwyneth Paltrow, in our current thinking. Our parents and grandparents might have preferred a more voluptuous Sophia Loren or Jane Russell. The Arts, for the most part, provide us with examples of what beauty is, or what it should be. Boys now lust for movie actresses such as Cameron Diaz or Alician Silverstone. Girls (and women) might think of handsome men like Harrison Ford or Mel Gibson as "beautiful" because these men arouse them sexually."
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Krishna, the Divine Lover: Myth and Legend, 2006.
An investigation into the Hindu god Krishna's attribute, reflected in his nickname, of the "Divine Lover".
5,932 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by analyzing the meaning of gods and sacredness in the Hindu tradition, then it introduces the character of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. It discusses his use of flute music to seduce gopis (lit., "herds-women"), and analyzes the character of gopis (Krishna's female devotees) for what they say about women's sexuality in the Hindu tradition. The paper presents various stories from Hindu literature many focusing on Krishna and his favorite gopi Radha, and analyzes the different states of emotion and sensuality described in that literature, defining and explaining Hindi terms. The paper briefly reviews modern Krishna worship, too. In conclusion, the paper finds that this loving side of Krishna was merely one more extension of his warlike nature - a means to destroy the wicked.
From the Paper
"Over the past twenty years, Hindu Gods have become something of a cottage industry in the West. Ranging from detailed anthropological treatments of regional traditions, to critical translations of fundamental sources on the Goddess, to text-based overviews of the history of Goddess cults, these studies have done much to compensate for a prior penury of scholarship concerning the distaff side of the Hindu pantheon.
"Maria Powers (1980) has argued, the contemporary analysis of the rites, rituals, and beliefs of a non-Western society often has a Western cultural bias. However, an explanation based on Western presuppositions does not provide us with a correct analysis. The conceptual framework, social constructs, necessitating interpersonal relations, and roads for spiritual fulfillment of a non-Western society differ strikingly from those of a Western society."
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"Once Were Warriors", 2006.
This paper explores the issues of domestic abuse, poverty and violence which are vividly portrayed in director Lee Tamahori's film "Once Were Warriors."
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the vicious cycle of poverty, crime and domestic abuse in director Lee Tamahori's film "Once Were Warriors" which is set in New Zealand. The writer of this paper focuses on the film's main character Jack, a surprisingly complex character which is a tribute to the director who avoided the temptation to make him completely unsympathetic. Jack the patriarch is an abusive man with a penchant for alcohol, parties and using his fists whenever he can, even on his own wife. This paper details and analyzes the film's plot as well as Tamahori's witty use of symbolism which is displayed at the end of the film when layers of illusion are peeled away.
From the Paper
"Jack is a surprisingly complex character, a tribute to the writer and director who avoided the temptation to make him a completely unsympathetic character from the beginning. At first, we see Jack as a relatively nice guy, working his fish shop job and doing it well. There is an undertone of darkness even here, though, when Jack gets into a bump-and-stare conflict with a clumsy passer by. His anger here was easily provoked, but since nothing came of it, we can still believe that he is a generally good person."
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Gender Talk, 2006.
A discussion about the different ways in which men and women communicate verbally.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the differences in the way men and women express the same idea. It gives examples of how men and women often misunderstand each other in the workplace because of these differences. The paper describes how people fall into certain rituals when trying to communicate. The writer then gives advice for people of each gender to follow in order to aid improved communication in the workplace. In conclusion, the writer suggests that flexibility is important, as is understanding what the rituals are which cause misunderstandings in conversations.
From the Paper
"Many of the conversational rituals common among women are designed to make others feel comfortable and this often involves the speaker taking a one-down role herself. Tannen notes that this is usually a ritual the other person is expected to match. Besides the danger of provoking peer resentment (or related to it) is the different ways women and men are inclined to certain types of talking. Letting others know about what you have done is almost always labeled boating by women and boasting is something most women have learned early on to avoid. In contrast, says Tannen, many men assume they have to let others know what they've done in order to get the recognition they deserve."
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Stress Behavior at Work, 2006.
An overview of a questionnaire designed to determine the relationship between age and gender in respect to individual stress management strategies.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion and analysis of a questionnaire survey designed to compare and contrast age and gender in relationship to the types of stress and the individual's stress management techniques. The paper explains that the ultimate goal of conducting such a survey was to find ways and means of reducing work-place stress.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Preliminary Problems Encountered
The Construct of the Study
Survey Results
The Age Gender Relational Report
Additional Findings
Conclusions
From the Paper
"These preliminary issues settled work on the information-gathering vehicle was commenced. Here too the issue of anonymity became quite important. In this preliminary phase it was found that each outlet or store - as a result of a very small potential employee pool upon which to draw - presented us with a wide variety where ages and genders were concerned. After assembling a database of the age and gender along with location in the three geographical regions was completed the list of candidate outlets or stores was placed upon the table for interactive discussion between our practice and the client's Human Resources Director."
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John Ford's Film "The Searchers", 2005.
This paper discusses the masculine hero of the American West as presented in John Ford's classic film "The Searchers".
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the John Ford classic western "The Searchers" focuses on the relationships and motivations of Ethan Edwards, played by John Wayne known for his super-masculine characters, and Martin, a young, part-Cherokee man, who is accompanying Ethan. The author points out that this relationship between surrogate father and son shaped the young man's view of what manhood truly encompasses. The paper stress that the use of this relationship in the film allows the trait of masculinity to be witnessed through its early development and permits the viewer to decide the positive and negative aspects of masculinity's eventual, albeit extreme, culmination.
From the Paper
"Eventually, Ethan comes to fully surpass his brother Aaron as patriarch of the household. The family comes to see him as the protector, or "man of the house." When a posse arrives hunting for what appear to be cattle rustlers, Ethan forbids his brother to go along, shouldering the responsibility himself. As he leaves, Aaron's wife embraces Ethan, for which she receives a kiss on the forehead. At this instance they undeniably appear to be man and wife. Later, when the family senses danger of an attack, Ben, the young man of the house, says, "I wish Uncle Ethan was here," despite the fact his father is present and holding a gun. By the traditional ideals of masculinity, being the head of a household is a cornerstone of being considered a man, so Ethan's usurping of his brother's position suggests his natural prowess at playing the masculine role."
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Women?s Appearance, 2006.
Examines women's obsession for dieting, looks and cosmetics.
710 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In Western culture, there is often more emphasis placed on a woman's appearance than on a man's. This phenomenon is visible on all levels of society - from private concerns to public behavior. The paper argues that it would seem that in recent decades women have begun to reject this cultural value, claiming that it dehumanizes and objectifies women, making them aesthetic objects rather than living, complex beings. The paper argues, however, that the growth of the cosmetics, dieting and plastic surgery industries might prove that now, more than ever, women - more than men - are concerned with looking good.
From the Paper
"Five times more women than men are dieting in America today. Dieting has become such a fad that perceptions of obesity have come to affect more than just the obese. A Chapel Hill study found that differences in body fat among teenage girls had strong implications for dating, with fatter girls getting fewer dates and showing lower levels of self-esteem than thinner girls. Interestingly, girls with below average body fat were at a significant advantage - they were twice as likely to find a date than their more rounded counterparts."
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Gender Bias in Computer and Video Games, 2006.
This paper analyzes the gender bias in the computer game industry from software designers to users.
2,611 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the various studies that claim the content of computer games are determined by the interests of men rather than women and proves that a gender bias in the PC game industry exists. This paper also discusses the lack of female computer programmers in the industry and the steps being taken to remedy the situation including direct marketing aimed at women.
From the Paper
"One step that some companies are taking is simply directing more marketing at girls and women. According to the esteemed advertising journal, Billboard, in the early part of the previous decade, Sega Corporation instituted a special "girls task force," which was comprised of female executives. Additionally, Viacom New Media executive vice president Michele DiLorenzo began and remained a vocal industry proponent of gender-neutral titles."
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Homosexuality in 18th Century China, 2005.
This paper examines the creative literature of early China and eighteenth century China to understand homosexuality in these cultures.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there is an extensive literature collection from an early Chinese period about homosexual love in private affairs. The author cites writers Li Yu, Shen Defu, Bian er chai and other sources, whose works describe many details of the lives of homosexual couples and relate that homosexuality was held in high fashion. The paper reports that the word for a homosexual, translated form the Chinese, is "favorite"; some other words, which became known for homosexual love were "male wind" and "linked jade disks".
From the Paper
"The ideal of the ration self, during the late Ming dynasty, was
attempting to know the qing, or sentiment and yu, or sexual desire in the Neo-Confucian concept; and qing was not accepted as an authentic form of self-expression important to life and moral. In literature, qing was intentionally hidden by sentiment from corrupting sexuality. Intermingling the qing and yu interpretively assigned morality to the allegedly pornographic text of the late Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty and transferred desire into the bodies of the text and into the readers themselves, as some scholars have written. It is interesting to note that these supposedly pornographic texts were filled with sentiment as they were with sexual context."
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