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"Two Kinds", 2007.
An analysis of the short story, "Two Kinds", by Amy Tan.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how Amy Tan directly addresses a power struggle between a mother and a daughter. The paper examines how the mother's sad story of her emigration from China under adverse conditions makes it clear that the mother has no control over her tragic past. Instead, she has high hopes for the future. The paper further examines how the intractable and resistant daughter's battle with the overbearing and desperate mother shows the levels and complexities of their relationship and reveals a universal truth.
From the Paper
"The lack of control over their pasts makes both women zealous to have a future that is different. Unfortunately, their zeal for the future is not shared, or not shared in the same way, by their daughters. Their controlling behavior alienates their daughters and causes competition between the mothers, too. Such hope for the future is so impossible that it is destined to fail. The perspective of a daughter looking back on a childhood event is imbued with regret, and the narrator says, "I never found a way to ask her why she had hoped for something so large that failure was inevitable.""
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Sex Tourism in the Caribbean, 2007.
An analysis of the history and current conditions of the sex trade in Jamaica and Cuba.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sex trade in Jamaica and compares it to Cuba. It describes the history of the trade and the factors that influence it. The paper examines the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the trade, as well as the rise of men in the trade of prostitution. It also look into the participation of tourists in the demand for this service. Finally, the paper researches the conditions in which the women work and live, which women work within the strip clubs and brothels, the accompanying use of drugs, their health-care (specifically as to HIV and STD testing) and their chances of being arrested for their work choice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Background
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Kempadoo (2004) strives toward illumination of the inner working of the sex trade in the Caribbean as related to gender, sexuality, race and work and the economics of the sex industry. According to Kempadoo (2004) generally prostitution is viewed as violence toward women however Kempadoo challenges this accepted view holding that sex for money can be oppressive but in the lives of the women in the Caribbean it may also be a provider of a form of freedom. In the work "Global Sex Workers" the various authors use the term 'sex workers' very deliberately. The view held is that criminalization of prostitution is that it results in hurting the workers themselves instead of protecting them. The authors look at prostitution from an angle that looks at the deeper morals that exist within the inner-workings of the economics of prostitution and introduces the reader to the voice of the sex workers themselves. This work provides a candid view in the reality of prostitution in the Caribbean."
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Gender in Bronte and Rhy, 2007.
This paper discusses the theme of gender as portrayed in Charlotte Bronte's 'Jane Eyre' and Jean Rhy's 'Wide Sargasso Sea'.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that Charlotte Bronte's 'Jane Eyre' and Jean Rhy's 'Wide Sargasso Sea' are both compelling novels with regard to issues of gender within the context of literature. The writer points out that for the most part the two works can be read as the telling of the same story, from two differing cultural perspectives and from the perspectives of two different women. The writer notes that one woman, Jane, embraces her station in life, as an Englishwoman of little means while the Creole Antoinette fears the dangers that threaten her life, as an outcast, not quite white colonial and not black like the servants and workers in her home, post colonial Jamaica. This paper concentrates on the study of gender as a main theme throughout both works.
From the Paper
"Antoinette's husband does not see the petty jealousy and how it has taken away the woman he remembers from his honeymoon and leaves it to her to show him this woman again, while Antoinette feels so betrayed that she introverts into herself, with stoic pride and in so doing seals her fate with her husband, who is not wise enough to offer the kind of kindness Rochester eventually offers Jane, once he has been blinded by the fire that Bertha set. Yet, it should be noted that Rochester only rights the wrongs he has done Jane when he has been stripped of all his worth and even his sight. It takes the monumental event of losing everything to bring him to right the wrongs of his past, again an expression of the lengths to which men must go in these works to fully understand their own actions and the needs of others."
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'A Room of One's Own', 2006.
A look at the subject of women and fiction, as discussed in Virginia Woolf's famous essay, 'A Room of One's Own'.
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews 'A Room of One's Own' by Virginia Woolf. The paper argues that Virginia Woolf privileges men and masculinity over women and femininity in her essay. The paper draws examples from the essay to support the argument.
From the Paper
"Why was there no woman with Shakespeare's brilliance? She agrees with the biased views of various professors that "it would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare" (46). Woolf explains that even if a woman had possessed the creative gifts of Shakespeare, the world would never have known it. She suggests that perhaps Shakespeare had a "wonderfully gifted sister," but she did not have the opportunities he had. Shakespeare's sister "remained at home. She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school" (47). Woolf even imagines Shakespeare's sister being forced into marriage, coerced by her parents, running away, and eventually killing herself because of her frustrated genius. Woolf adamantly insists that "it is unthinkable that any woman in Shakespeare's day should have had Shakespeare's genius," but her reason is not that women are inferior. Instead, they were poor, uneducated, and enslaved by domestic duty. Since "genius like Shakespeare's is not born among labouring, uneducated, servile people,"(48) no woman had a chance to develop and express her "incandescence" like Shakespeare did. Instead, she "would certainly have gone crazed, shot herself, or ended her days in some lonely cottage outside the village, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked at. For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty" (49). "
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"Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex", 2007.
A critique of the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview," by Richard Anker.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview", author Richard Anker looks at how severe occupational segregation is when it comes to the sex of the individual. It looks at how Anker discusses many different options for why women are not treated the same way as men when it comes to working and what kinds of jobs that they can be accepted for. In addition, the paper discusses how Anker points out that women are still not comparably paid, even when they have the same employer and the same job description as a man.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant issues with this article, however, is how in-depth Anker (1997) gets. Instead of simply glossing over the issue and saying that there is occupational segregation based on sex because employers do not think that women and men can do the same kind of work, Anker (1997) addresses the many issues that surround it, such as the absenteeism that women often display. This absenteeism is seen for many reasons, including increased family responsibilities (Anker, 1997). These family responsibilities are just a part of life for most women today, as they are expected to handle everything at home and still work as well. It is no surprise that these women sometimes miss work or are late for work. "
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Sexual Harassment, 2006.
An in-depth look at sexual harassment and the development of prevention programs.
8,859 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 34 sources, MLA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a method for exploring the topic of sexual harassment in relationship to demographics. The paper explores many factors that characterize both the harasser and the one being harassed. The paper seeks to define the topic further for the purpose of improving education on sexual harassment and developing programs targeted toward stopping it.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Rationale
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
History and Definition
Reporting Sexual Harassment
Sociological Theories
Effects of Sexual Harassment
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Sample Population
Data Collection Procedures
Survey Instrument
Data analysis
Chapter 4 - Conclusion
Discussion
Recommendations
Works Cited
Appendix 1 - The Survey Instrument
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that women with more conservative beliefs about gender roles are not as likely to report sexual harassment, than women who are more liberal concerning gender roles (Guadagno & Marin 1999; Samolouk & Pretty, 1994). It is believed that this is the case because conservative women have a greater sensitivity to gender-role expectations and violations (Guadagno & Marin 1999). In addition the authors assert that females that report and label are often perceived as violating the good employee expectancy (Guadagno & Marin 1999). As a result "Success in these roles may involve conforming to social rules and norms while avoiding conflicts. Women who report and label harassment may be viewed as troublemakers and subsequently may not be selected for promotions or other career opportunities. Consistent with this idea is women's fear that they will be accused of provocation if they report sexual harassment (Adams et al., 1983; Guadagno & Marin 1999 )."As it relates to men and the reporting of sexual harassment, there has been a marked increase in the number of men reporting sexual misconduct. "
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Sexual Education in American Schools, 2007.
A discussion on the importance of accurate sexual education in American schools.
3,257 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the role of social workers in providing sexual education in American schools. The need for such programming is described in light of students developing healthy sexuality while being aware of potential risks. It views social workers as part of the process of sexual education, and encourages them to be prepared to provide unbiased, truthful information. The paper further argues against the current trend towards abstinence-only sexuality education, which has left students unprepared for real-life sexual situations.
From the Paper
"Sexuality is an important and integral part of human relationships and society, and the social worker plays an important role in providing information and support for people that will lead to healthy sexuality. Although it is ideal that sexual education begin in the home, many young people receive their only reliable information about sex from school education programs and services provided by social agencies. Sexuality does not begin at marriage; it is a lifelong process that has biological, emotional, psychological, and social factors. (Synovitz, 2002) Sexual education helps young people develop an understanding of sexuality, develop a positive view of their own bodies, and aids them in making responsible decisions. Today, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding sexual education, and students are at risk of receiving inaccurate information on the subject, or not receiving this information that is vital to their health at all. Despite the fact that young people are exposed to more unavoidable sexual images in the media today than ever before, many groups of people believe it is harmful for children to receive detailed, accurate information about sex, even though this may be the only way to prevent them from hurting themselves or others due to the misinformation received through non-educational sources. Sex education has actually been a normal part of schooling since the early 1900s, and the recent trend towards abstinence-only education is a harmful one. With the prevalence of teenage sex, sexually-transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and explicit sexual content in the media, it is important that young people receive complete information about sexuality, not simply that it is best to wait until marriage to have it. Social workers must be involved in complete sexual education without judgment through schools and social agencies, and help others understand why abstinence-only education puts youth in harm's way."
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Gender Differences in Spatial Orientation, 2007.
This paper describes the physiological differences between men's and women's spacial abilities.
2,908 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several studies which suggest a physiological basis for the differences in men's and women's spacial abilities. Several studies are described in detail, including their experimental setting and outcomes. The author concludes by evaluating the available research findings and stating that these differences have a concrete physiological basis.
From the Paper
"Gender Differences in Spatial Orientation
The size of certain inner ear structures may be the reason why men are able to adjust themselves more accurately to their environment than women (ScienceDaily 2006). This is the finding of a study recently published and which tested the differences in the way the male and female subjects make judgments and how they orient themselves in their environment. Professor Luc Tremblay of the University of Toronto's Faculty of Physical Education and Health, which conducted the study, said that the subjects' responses to verbal instructions on how they determine spatial orientation did not remove the differences between them and this provided the basis for the assumption that the differences may be physiological in nature. Tremblay called attention to particular inner ear structures, called otoliths, which are sensitive to inertial forces, like gravity, and which are larger in men than in women and enable men to adjust better to their space or environment. The 11 male and 13 female subjects showed that there were still significant differences, with the women more drawn towards their feet and more likely to misjudge their horizontal environment. The women subjects, however, showed that they could perform better in sensory tasks and situations, such as driving a car or piloting a plane, and avoiding worst-case scenario in spatial orientation. This showed why women tend to act more cautiously towards what they sense or perceive, while men tend to take risks."
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Same-Sex Marriages, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of same-sex marriages.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the civil rights movements of the 1960s and early 1970s dramatically altered the political landscape for homosexuality and began the lingering battle over gay rights. The author points out that many laws banning homosexual marriage arose during the 1950s and 1960s because of the fear of the breakdown of American morality; however, targeting gays as scapegoats is inane because there are no connections between homosexuality and degenerate morals. The paper stresses that no state has the right to ban homosexual marriage any more than it has the right to prevent women from voting or blacks from serving in Congress because same-sex marriage is ultimately a civil rights issue.
From the Paper
"Times are changing. The 1960s saw a wave of social and political activism that put a stop to Jim Crow, secured greater freedoms for women, and enabled gays and lesbians to be included in anti-discrimination legislation. Much remains to be done in all three of these core civil rights rubrics. Race relations remain touchy in many parts of the United States and minorities are still underrepresented in positions of political and economic power. Similarly, women are underrepresented in many key professions and still earn less money than their male counterparts."
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Sexual Identity, 2007.
An analysis of issues facing counselors working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons.
2,106 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses certain general themes that can be identified as common concerns for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. The paper particularly discusses issues that may be faced by this population group in a counseling setting and how counselors should be educated in ways to assist with identity development, which is a common concern faced by this group.
From the Paper
"Researchers further report that ones consciousness of trans-phobia has been raised since learning of the intensity and frequency of harassment directed against differently gendered individuals. Although the sexual orientation of many gay, lesbian, bisexual people may not be immediately apparent to others, many transgender persons do not or cannot "pass" (conceal the fact that they are differently gendered) and, therefore, are the most frequently targeted group for social persecution. They further reported that "We do not think any of us in the majority who fit into the normative gender categories of male and female can imagine the paradoxical situation of being very obvious and yet invisible at the same time. Perhaps, most of all, our experiences with the transgender have taught us", as Laird (1999) suggested, to realize our serious professional obligation to take the stories of our transgender clients into the professional literature and into the streets to enable a more humane and just world for all gender identities. (Carroll, Gilroy & Ryan, 2002)"
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"M. Butterfly", 2007.
A discussion on the exotic, feminine Orient in the Western imagination, as depicted in David Henry Hwang's drama "M. Butterfly".
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how "M. Butterfly" is a play about the power of stereotypes to do harm, both to the person and the culture they are inflicted against, and also against the people who hold such stereotypes. The paper describes how, at the end of the play, Gallimard is destroyed because he realizes his life was based upon a lie, just as China was harmed by the lies and exploitation of Western colonialism. The paper examines how the conflict of gender, national, and identity issues are dramatically depicted in David Hwang's "M. Butterfly," when the French diplomat Rene Gallimard falls in love with a feminine image of the East, in the persona of the actress Song Liling.
From the Paper
"Gallimard has a psychological as well as a national and gender based need to see Song as feminine. Thus, the gender disguises of the play do not merely invert stereotypes of male and female, Asian and West. They also destroy the security of Gallimard's own identity as a strong, male Westerner with power. Song Liling is not only a man. Song uses Gallimard's own cultural stereotypes to exploit the Frenchman. Gallimard begins the play thinking he is the Western, White man taking advantage of the virginal 'Oriental' maiden. But like the opera's "Madam Butterfly," Gallimard ends the play abandoned, disgraced, cut off from his countrymen and finally suicidal. Thus Gallimard's own secure identity as a powerful man has been so undercut, he cannot live with himself, because he no longer knows who he is as a person."
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Black Market Economy, 2007.
This paper discusses how male dominance of the sex trade injures the economic status of female sex workers.
5,033 words (approx. 20.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that while much of this paper focuses on the economic and social costs of the sex industry in America, it cannot be ignored that the sex industry is global. The writer points out that while traditional economic discussions focus on legally traded goods and commodities, the sex industry, is one of the most lucrative industries, both in the United States and in the global economy. The writer discusses that sex workers, whether they entered into the industry willingly or by force, are predominantly composed of members of the lower and lower-middle classes. The result is that the sex trade, although a possibly lucrative source of income for female sex workers, actually reduces women's economic power. The writer concludes that furthermore, the sex trade perpetuates existing class distinctions.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data
Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"When people discuss the economy, the conversations generally focus on legally traded goods and commodities. However, the black and gray markets form a huge sector of the economy. Furthermore, illegally trade goods and goods that are highly linked to illegal sales have a tremendous impact on society, which may actually surpass the impact of legally traded goods. When people discuss the black market, they frequently speak of stolen items, counterfeit goods, and drugs. However, the largest segment of the black market is actually involved in the sex trade. In fact, the profit from direct traffic in human beings, literally sold into sexual slavery, rivals the profit from illegal drug sales. Once profits from other sectors of the sex trade are factored in, it becomes clear that the sex industry is the most lucrative industry in the American economy, and possibly the world economy."
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Feminist vs. Womanist Epistemology, 2007.
A comparison of womanist and feminist philosophies.
741 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the term 'womanist', which is used to generally describe the act of acting womanly. The paper explores how this definition includes behavior that is willful, courageous or audacious, according to Alice Walker, who coined the term "womanist epistemology." The paper further examines how the term "feminist" generally takes on another meaning, referring to females or women whose primary intent includes promoting the rights and equal opportunities of women. The writer proposes that the feminist approach is more negative and oppressive in nature, calling too much attention to the negative influence and practices of men in a patriarchal society. The writer argues that while it is important to call attention to oppressive practices, it is important to view a new paradigm with respect to the community as a whole.
From the Paper
"It is different from feminist epistemology as feminist's emphasis tends to be the oppression of women, primarily white women, without addressing categories of race and economics in its approach (Thomas, 1999). Womanist epistemology takes a more comprehensive approach and rather than focus on creating a "paradigm over against men" as it typical with feminist approaches, it offers an approach that recognizes "patriarchal systems as problematic" for the entire community, including women, men and children (Thomas, 1999). Thus it is less likely to pit men against women. Womanist epistemology focuses more on cultural knowledge and attempts to encourage philosophers to examine the dominant cultural themes that influence our living and general practices (Andersen & Hill, 1992; Thomas, 1999)."
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Gender and Leadership, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the effects of gender-related leadership styles on the ability of male and female employees to relate to others.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the following research question: "To what extent, will there be a statistically significant effect, at a confidence level of .05, of male and female leadership styles (authoritarian, laissez-faire, democratic) on the ability of employees to self-disclose (relate oneself) to significant others as measured by the Jourard self-disclosure questionnaire?" The author points out that to maintain the research integrity as to the reliability and validity of the measurement data and statistical data analysis, the data collection will adhere to both pre-data collection and during collection procedures. The paper relates that, as the proposed study is seeking to determine the effects of an independent or treatment variable on the outcome or dependent variable, an orthogonal analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is an inferential parametric statistic, will be used to statistically analyze the data.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Conceptual Framework
Operational Definitions
Gender
Authoritarian Leadership Style
Laissez-faire Leadership Style
Democratic Leadership Style
Self-Disclosure
Data Collection
Statistical Data Analysis Procedure
Measurement Instrument
From the Paper
"For the proposed investigation, the environment from which the sample of both male and female employees and male and female managers will be selected will be from two different manufacturing environments wherein each manufacturing operation has at 6 male managers and 6 female managers who represent, equally all three leadership styles. The number of employees to be sampled will be 60 males and 60 females and are equally distributed among the three leadership style managers and business environments."
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