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Violent Homophobia in the U.S., 2007.
This paper looks at the proliferation of antisocial behavior against gay people, examines theories related to homophobia, and reports on the research available.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on problems with violence against gays in the military and in everyday life, explaining that it is basically a "hate crime", but does not receive the same status in all areas of the country. The author points out that one of several reasons offered why a person might develop a belligerent attitude toward gay people is the Freudian notion that, since all children have repressed yet strong attractions to their "same-sex parent", later in life the male individual puts up a defense against that attraction in the form of hatred towards men who engage in homosexual activities. The paper explains that other reasons are that anti-gay persons are not likely to have had any personal contact with gays and that many gay "bashers" have grown up with parents and church influences that identify gays as mentally ill child molesters.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Van Der Meer describes most violent perpetrators in Western cultures as having had a "rite of passage" that takes three phases. The first, he doesn't "give a shit about anything," rejects parental leadership, and feels as if he is a "nobody"; the second phase is the "liminal period," the so-called "group solidarity" during which he is "forced to participate." The group may begin in a bar simply joking about gays, then actually see one, and while attacking a gay man, nobody in the group can back out lest he be rejected from the solidarity."
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Northern Ireland, 2007.
An in-depth look at the political role of women in Northern Ireland.
9,691 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which women in Northern Ireland have contributed to party politics over the past thirty years of conflict, more commonly known as 'the troubles'. More Specifically the paper investigates feminist theory as well as sociology theories related to the political participation of women. The investigation also seeks to answer the various questions concerning women's roles in Northern Ireland.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework: Feminist and Sociology Theories
Background of Conflict
The Women's Movement in Northern Ireland: Politics and Religion
Why So Few Women?
Do Women Compete Differently From Men or Do They Emulate Men?
What Has Women's Contribution Been Towards the Peace Process?
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to O'day (1996), the women's movement in Northern Ireland has, like any other movement in the region, attempted to confront the divisions that exist as it relates to national identity. In addition, there has been a great deal of speculation in regards to the correlation between gender and national identity. The author asserts that feminists who desire to prioritize women's issues assert that the divisiveness related to national identity has also had and divisive impact on the issues that are unique to women. In addition the differences between nationalists and unionists thought and the differences between Catholic and Protestant standards has been debilitating to the women's movement in Northern Ireland. In fact the author points out that it is usually the "Irish question" or the question of "whose side are you on?" is at the root of the divisions. This concept can be found in Derry Women's Aid in Spare Rib in response to a question concerning the correlation between feminism and the national question: "The uncritical support given by some English feminists to the nationalist struggle being waged here in N.I. is of little help to us, or indeed, to the women of the whole of Ireland," which not only serves to "to divide women along the traditional Orange and Green," but also "results in a lack of attention to the feminist issues (O'Day, 1998)."
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Gender Roles and Children, 2007.
A discussion regarding the factors that contribute to gender stereotypes.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issues that influence children and shape traditional gender roles. The paper also reviews articles that discuss gender stereotyping. According to the paper, parental influence and social pressures are the two main factors that determine gender roles.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, gender and gender stereotypes have played a substantial role in the development of social attitudes towards women and men. The Web site www.minddisorders.com points out that in the 1800s, the industrial revolution brought dramatic changes to gender roles; men began going off to work and earning money, transferable to goods and services. The work women did, though, was "not transferable"; prior to the industrial movement, men and women often engaged in the same tasks, working a farm or a homestead, and things were equal and shared. So, men's relative independence gave them influence and power, while women were kept at home and stereotypes were attached to them as frail, domestic, suited for child rearing and cooking."
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Male and Female Students, 2007.
This paper discusses gender differences in the educational system from a sociological viewpoint.
1,004 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why male and female students have different interests in terms of academics as well as different levels of achievement and expectations. The paper reveals the inherent differences between male and female students, most notably the longer attention span of females. The paper notes, however, that the biggest factor determining the attitudes of these students are those imposed upon them by their parents, teachers and society.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Are Girls Really Smarter Than Boys?
Attitudes and Expectations
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is commonly believed that male and female students have quite different perceptions one from the other as to what the educational system will imbue in their lives and often their own individual expectations are quite different from the expectations placed upon them by their friends, family and teachers. It is generally agreed upon that male and female students have different academic interests and that they achieve on different levels. With all of this in mind then surely their expectations and experiences within the educational institution must be quite different one from the other as well."
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Gender Identity Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses current treatment strategies for patients affected by gender identity disorder.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a review of the literature and recommendations for practitioners. The paper shows how gender identity disorder (GID) treatment for children is inclusive of individual and group therapy and also separate individual and group therapy for parents. The paper relates that GID treatment for adults is also inclusive of therapy in addition to hormone therapy and reassignment surgery. The paper discusses how the research indicates that there is still a great deal that is unknown about GID. The paper maintains that practitioners must attempt treatments that have realized some positive outcomes.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Gender Identity Disorder
Children with GID
Treatments for Children With GID
Adults with GID
Treatments for Adults with GID
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Natioanl Institutes of Health explains that the symptoms of GID in children include a disdain for their own genetalia, a desire to be the opposite sex, depression, rejection, isolation and anxiety. The symptoms of adult with GID include wanting to destory their genitals, dressing as the opposite sex, the desire to live their life as the opposite sex, rejection, depression and anxiety(Gender Identity Disorder). Now that we have garnered a greater understanding of GID, let us focus on the impact of GID on both children and adults and the treatments that are available for both children and adults."
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Human Sexuality, 2007.
An analysis of the article, "Sexuality in Older Adults: A Deconstructionist Perspective" by Beverly Huffstetler.
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about an article concerning sexuality in older adults. The writer explores the article, "Sexuality in Older Adults: A Deconstructionist Perspective" by Beverly Huffstetler. It outlines the article's content and conclusion with regard to the sexuality of older people. The paper presents the writer's personal reactions to the content of the article. It also includes, as an appendix, a copy of the original article.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout modern history, the issue of sexuality has always belonged to the young. Commercials, television shows, and movies have worked to build a strong case for human sexuality in those who are under retirement age. While it was acknowledged in passing that order people are capable of feeling and having sexual relations it was usually a topic that was ignored. In more recent years however, human sexuality among older people has moved to the forefront of attention. Commercials advertising pills that can help sustain erection, advertisers for doctors that treat erectile dysfunction and other vehicles have made the world realize that the older generation is still interested in sex. As researchers begin to examine this fact one study looks at all aspects of human sexuality in people over the age of 65, and concludes it is part of a healthy and fulfilled lifestyle. The article explores the myths of society present in the thinking about older adults and sexuality."
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
This paper explains why the problem of sexual harassment deserves special consideration in the healthcare industry.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the healthcare industry has the dubious distinction of being one of the top industries, if not the number one industry, where sexual harassment is the most prevalent. The writer relates that across the board, nearly half of female nurses, physicians and students report that they have been harassed. The writer points out that a number of factors unique to the healthcare industry contribute to this problem including gender-based segregation, unequal gender representation, and the lower status, prestige and power of many female healthcare workers. The writer maintains that because of these industry-specific dynamics, the healthcare industry will have to do more than follow industry best practices. The writer claims that it will also need to take a more active role in attracting males into the nursing profession, attracting more women physicians in general and encouraging women physicians to select historically male specialties.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Scope of the Sexual Harassment Problem
The Root Causes of the Sexual Harassment Problem
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"There are many studies that confirm the tremendous scope of the sexual harassment problem in the healthcare industry. Physicians and nurses alike encounter harassment. A large national survey revealed that 47.7 percent of all women physicians had experienced gender-based harassment, harassment from being a minority in a male environment. The same survey showed that 36.9 percent of these women had experience more severe sexual harassment, harassment having a sexual or physical element. In a study of 188 critical care nurses, forty-six percent reported sexual harassment, including offensive sexual remarks, unwanted physical contact, unwanted verbal attention, requests for unwanted dates, sexual propositions and physical assault. Sandbeg, McNiel and Binder discovered that an overwhelming majority of these incidents went unreported. Physicians accounted for the largest percentage of offenders, followed by co-workers, and supervisors."
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The Effects of Barbie, 2007.
This paper provides a critical review of the effect of Barbie on girls age five to eight.
879 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer critically reviews research published by H. Dittmar, E. Halliwell, and S. Ive on the effects Barbie has on the body image of five- to eight-year-old girls. This paper summarizes key findings, identifies strengths and weaknesses of the research, assesses the quality of the research and suggests areas for additional future research. The writer concludes that Barbie does have a negative impact on the body image of young girls, 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 and 6 1/2 -7 1/2 years old. However, the writer maintains that by the time girls are 7 1/2 to 8 1/2 these same negative impacts are more influenced by size-16 Emme. The writer concludes that there are a lot of societal influences other than the dolls that are causing negative body images in young girls.
From the Paper
"The results of the study were different for different ages, 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 , 6 1/2 -7 1/2 and 7 1/2 -8 1/2, revealing differences in the way girls though they looked and the way they wanted to look after seeing certain images. For example, the youngest group, age 5 1/2 to 6 1/2, shown the Barbie picture books wished they were thinner and disliked their bodies more than girls of the same age who viewed other images. These results were even more pronounced for girls 6 1/2 to 7 1/2. Further, this age group desired more extreme thinness as adults than girls the same age who viewed images other than Barbie and the girls 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 who had also viewed Barbie pictures. The 7 1/2 - 8 1/2 age group were affected by the Emme images and not the Barbie images. The girls who viewed Emme wanted a thinner body shape for the adult figure than girls viewing other images."
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Stereotypes, 2007.
A discussion regarding stereotypes, focusing on old age and homosexuality.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of stereotypes. The paper focuses on the aging and homosexual communities, to provide examples of stereotyping. According to the paper, not all older people have hearing problems, forget all the time, live in nursing homes, refrain from sex and have stopped learning. The paper further reports that gays are not "made" gay by the person who raises them nor are all gay men after nothing but sex.
From the Paper
"This common misconception of older people as poor, frail, fearful, depressed, idle, unwanted and selfish does not agree with their self-perception. Lou Harris and Associates compared the public's expectations of the problems connected with aging to the responses of older people about their actual problems (Fugate and Lamdin). On all these commonly agreed upon ideas about aging, public expectations were dramatically more negative than by what older people said: 77 percent of older people do not fear crime; 79 percent consider themselves in good health; 85 percent have enough money; 88 percent are not lonely; 93 percent feel needed; and 94 percent keep busy. Nor, does the mind go quickly as one becomes older, with great forgetfulness, lack of learning ability and senility."
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Gender Differences in Education, 2007.
This paper discusses ways of improving the academic performance of males in early childhood education.
2,232 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that boys are failing at alarming rates in an educational system that, the paper contends, has been wrongly attempting to implement gender neutrality. The paper reveals that there is substantial evidence of extreme differences between the very biological make-up of the brains of boys and girls. The paper explains how these differing natural tendencies of boys and girls affect the way they learn. The paper maintains that educators must begin to teach children in the manner in which their brains actually function.
From the Paper
"Historically speaking the gender differences in education have been under-recognized if not overtly ignored throughout the establishment of early childhood education as a specialty within education. Additionally, the field of educators has been traditionally and currently gendered toward women, and this is especially true in the lower grades. (Sargent, 2004, p. 173) Though this is not to say that women are incapable of teaching young boys, given the training to do so it does leave some questions as to the validity of the thinking process that helps develops everything from curriculum to day to day classroom interactions between young boys and their peers as well as their teachers, and limits male role models in the system significantly."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
A look at the impact of same-sex marriages on family values.
3,251 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the topic of same-sex marriage. Specifically, it discusses if same-sex marriage is a threat to family and national values. The paper also looks at who feels threatened and why they feel this way. It contends that same-sex marriages should be available for gay and lesbian couples and that they should be able to celebrate their commitment and enjoy the benefits of marriage.
From the Paper
"Many Americans tend to look back at the 1950s as the epitome of happily married life, with the perfectly dressed mother seeing the husband off to work, the children off to school, and happily managing the home, waiting only for their return. However, the 1940s and 50s had their share of problems, as well. Author Coontz states, "By 1946 one in every three marriages was ending in divorce. Even couples who stayed together went through rough times, as an acute housing shortage forced families to double up with relatives or friends. Tempers frayed and generational relations grew strained" (Coontz, 1997, p. 35). Nevertheless, most people were married in the 1950s, 86 percent of 1950s children grew up in two-parent households, and 90 percent of all households were families (Coontz, 1997, p. 37). Thus, marriage played a large role in society, and the unmarried were certainly the minority. "
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'Straight and Narrow?', 2007.
A review of Thomas E. Schmidt's book 'Straight and Narrow?'.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book 'Straight and Narrow?' by Thomas E. Schmidt. The paper reports that Schmidt's book addresses the view of various Christian factions toward homosexuality and some of the scriptural support they offer for their view. According to the paper, the author is not demonizing homosexuals or homosexuality but recognizes that many Christians do just that. The paper offers a chapter by chapter analysis of the book.
From the Paper
"Chapter 5, "From Sodom to Sodom," discusses the scriptural references to Sodom and the fate of Sodom, presumably destroyed because of unnatural sex. Revisionists see the Sodomites as guilty not of homosexuality but of inhospitality, though Schmidt cites evidence that their sin was sexual in nature. The fate of Sodom has been given a lot of weight by Christians as showing God's displeasure with homosexual acts, though the fact that there is some doubt as to what precise acts are being cited in the Bible raises questions about the meaning of the destruction of Sodom and of the lessons that should be taken from the events. Schmidt considers the textual evidence and the meaning of the terms used to the people of the time, recognizing as he always does that what is most important is the meaning when the scripture was written and not the meaning imposed on the text by later generations who may be distorting the original message. Much of that message has been treated as if it had been received clearly and distinctly, when in fact it has been subject to differences in translation and interpretation over the centuries and so might not be as definitive as believed."
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Leadership Styles and Workplace Diversity, 2007.
This paper explores what approaches to leadership work most effectively in highly diverse groups.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the communication differences between men and women and reveals that due to this, many women are overlooked for promotions and other issues in which they are extremely well-qualified. The paper studies workplace diversity and looks at the issue of conflict through workforce diversity. The paper also discusses the issue of strategy for innovation and change. The paper asserts that these issues can meet with success for a company that is willing to put the time and effort into making sure that the workforce is properly diversified and decisions are made on an appropriate level and time schedule.
From the Paper
"Diversity in the American workplace is very important but corporate culture in this country works against women to a certain extent (Tannen, 1995). The conversational styles that most women use tend to be less popular with businesses and corporations than the conversational styles that men use. Because of this, women are often overlooked for promotions, are seen as less confident, and are not considered as worthwhile when it comes to individuals giving their ideas and helping out with teamwork. Much of this comes from childhood when little girls were taught to be nice to other individuals and help to downplay their weaknesses, while little boys were taught to play up the weaknesses of other individuals and claim strength and domination if they were able (Tannen, 1995; Adams & Galanges, 2005)."
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Comparative Worth, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons associated with the practice of comparative worth in the workplace.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of comparative worth between males and females in the workplace. It suggests that comparative worth is a good starting point for understanding how to create gender equality in the work place. The writer of the paper presents his opinion that there are many different factors that go into the wage decision calculus and that relying upon comparative worth alone is flawed. The paper discusses these assertions.
From the Paper
"In the final analysis, comparative worth is an idealistic strategy to gender equality in application to wages within the workplace. However, the actual implementation of such a system requires not only a strong criteria for judging comparative worth, but also a complete shift within the organizational and financial planning of a company. As a result, it is extremely difficult to implement on a widespread basis. Creating a clear standard by which to understand and frame comparative worth is the first essential step for HR managers to attempt to implement such a policy on a large organization wide level."
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