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Female Gangs, 2007.
This paper discusses the differences in behavior between male and female gangs.
1,603 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper explores gangs, with a focus on female gangs and the behavioral differences between male and female gangs. The paper also provides evidence that although female gang behavior may be less violent, it is still a cause for social concern.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Gang Overview
Female Gangs
Differences in Behaviors Between Male and Female Gangs
Female Gangs: Still a Cause for Social Concern
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Early on, sociologists and the media portrayed gangs as groups of deviants who were not clearly in violation of any laws, but were considered to be in violation of folkways. However, today the term "gang" conjures entirely different images. Instead of a group of boys hanging out on a corner, gangs today bring forth images of lawless groups, images that cause people to feel angry or fearful. Today, gangs are most often thought to be involved in violent crime and drug-related activities. "In other words, gangs have become to be viewed as groups of individuals involved in illicit or illegal drug-dealing accompanied by violence" ("Youth gang", n.d.)."
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Greco-Roman Constructions of Sexuality, 2007.
A contrast between modern, Western and Greco-Roman concepts of sexuality.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the variations in human sexuality between the modern era and the ancient Greco-Roman period. It discusses how, in the modern, Western society human sexuality is defined based on the gender, ethnicity, or social status of the individuals involved in the act. The paper then shows how, in contrast to Western society's concept of sexuality, Greco-Roman sexuality was characterized by a lack of interest in these individual characteristics and, instead, a concern with the role each individual played in an active/passive dichotomy.
From the Paper
"All of these historical examples exist in subtle contrast to the modern conception of sexuality. Elements of active/passive and power relationships still exist in modern, Western sexuality. However, the strict control of the active, powerful sexuality is no longer solely the domain of the elite men of society as it was in the Greco-Roman societies. Dissimilarly, the power relationships that exist in modern sexuality are somewhat more fluid and shift along lines such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and even personal fetish. Greco-Roman sexuality was characterized by a idealized adherence to power relationships in which men held sway over their wives, over women, over young boys, and sexual plunder in conquered domains. In all of these situations, sexuality is defined in terms of power as it exists between individuals of different social status."
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Heart Attacks: Gender Differences, 2007.
This paper discusses gender-based differences in symptoms of heart attacks.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences in how men and women experience distress related to the onset and occurrence of a heart attack. The paper provides a literature review on this topic. The paper concludes that it is essential for both women and clinicians to be educated about typical symptoms for women rather than fostering the belief that they are the same as the symptoms a man experiences.
Outline:
Abstract
The Research Problem
The Research Question
Identification of Variables
Literature Review
Summary
From the Paper
"According to Fenton and Stamer (2006), 600 out of every 100,000 people in the United States will suffer a heart attack each year. Heart attacks are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States claiming an average 500,000 - 700,000 deaths per year (Fenton & Stamer, 2006). Approximately 1.3 million heart attacks are non-fatal yet of those heart attacks which are, more than 50 percent occur in the 'prehospital setting' (Fenton & Stamer, 2006). Internationally, cardiovascular diseases have been cited for 12 million deaths per year and are becoming an increasing cause of death in developing countries."
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End of Life Issues, 2007.
This paper discusses end of life issues for the family.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses end of life issues for the family and notes that all nurses are certain to encounter these issues in some form. The writer points out that with a rapidly aging population, it is vital to provide culturally and gender-sensitive end-of-life interventions to enhance patient/family satisfaction and to efficiently allocate resources. The writer maintains that women experience end-of-life problems differently from men and minority cultures encounter very different issues from the white dominant culture. The writer looks at the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) that allows for a systematic method to complete a comprehensive family assessment as well as the choice of the most effective interventions to ensure family functioning. The writer discusses this topic with regards to communication, roles and influence.
From the Paper
"This dimension includes the family life cycle and the continuity and change related to a chronic illness. Culture and class interact with family development. Family life cycles such as death demand that that the family change and adapt. In terms of developmental assessment, any recent significant events in the family along with impending death need to be discussed. This assessment establishes the family's developmental stage, provides a perspective by which the current stressors can be explored to determine the probable impact on the family and on its future development."
"Within the functional dimension, expressive functioning includes verbal, nonverbal, and emotional communication, roles, influence, beliefs, and alliances or coalitions. Good communication is vital when a patient is dying; in this situation, communication is particularly important for the family members who are subject to extreme stress."
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Religion and Culture, 2007.
This paper looks at beliefs regarding the structure of organized religion.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the understanding that organized religion is mandatory in the lives of some individuals, while it is cast aside by others. The writer notes that within her own personal experience in relation to the larger social order, these practices are both acceptable, depending on the individual. The writer maintains that the acceptance of this belief is due to a background in which hypocrisy has been seen in religion, as events over the last several decades have demonstrated that organized religion is not always about God, but about wealth. The writer concludes that due to culture, gender or the structure of organized religion, the true basis of religion is consistently ignored and this creates issues in theology that are detrimental to the beauty of faith.
From the Paper
"This knowledge has affected how I envision a divine ministry because it forces me to question the truthfulness of those that represent the church. Additionally, these experiences have led me to believe that my personal connection to God is more devout that many ministers or supposed faithful. This is because when representatives of the church seek to gain prosperity from innocent believers who are struggling in this world, they are overlooking the real core of religion. Religion must be about a personal relationship with God, not about ensuring that the poor remain so throughout their lives in the name of God."
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Gender Roles, 2007.
A summary of various articles pertaining to the issue of gender roles.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and analyzes various articles pertaining to the issue of gender roles. It describes the research question of each article, presents the writer's finding and discusses their conclusions. The paper presents articles that research gender issues and roles from differing perspectives, such as the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC), stress in the workplace and the biological make up of men and women.
Table of Contents:
Irwin
Artis and Pavalko
Miller
Stewart and McDermott
Choi
DeLunas and Kesic
Wentworth and Chell
Mellor
Sabattini and Leaper
Barnett
From the Paper
"The researcher stipulates that this societal belief has dominated political, as well as social organizations. This belief has further led many women to believe that in order to reduce stress they must leave the workforce. Yet, Barnett concludes that the evidence indicates that employment is generally not the primary cause of stress for women, the home life is. In light of these conclusions, Barnett suggests that psychiatrists take a new approach to assisting patients that appear to be overcome by stress."
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Gay Rights and Civil Rights, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts gay rights with civil rights.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether homosexuals should receive rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The writer questions whether gays should receive rights compared to civil rights. The writer argues that while it is true that gays and minorities are often mistreated, the difference is in the ability to make a decision. The writer maintains that gay rights are different than civil rights because homosexuals make the decision to be gays and even the Bible shows that it is wrong, but African-Americans are born "black" and the Bill of Rights guarantee rights to "all men". The writer then points out that the Civil Rights Act was passed to guarantee that all African-Americans be treated equally with other Americans. The writer argues that comparing gay rights with civil rights shows that gays make a decision to date or love another person of the same sex, while African-Americans are born with their skin color and they should be given the same rights as any American.
From the Paper
"Before determining whether gays should have rights it is important to look at the definition of homosexuals. The definition of homosexuals will show that it is defined as a sexual orientation with romantic love and sexual desire of the same sex or gender. When a person falls in love with another person, a decision must be made to love the person. Homosexuality is a decision. The gay person decides to fall in love with another person of his or her same gender. This is the same as if a person decides to never date a person or if a person decides to fall in love with another person of a difference sex. Since it is a decision, people should not receive certain rights because they make a decision. Many homosexuals and minorities are rejected jobs and other freedoms so many people believe they should have rights as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. However, it is important to remember that homosexuals decide whether they want to have a love life with a member of the same sex."
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Sexual Harassment Policies, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual harassment policies in Canada and evaluates strategies of change.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the rise of the modern feminist movement in the late 1960s and 1970s, what had previously been considered tolerable, if not acceptable, behavior in the workplace began to be called into question - especially as it pertained to the matter of sexual harassment. With this in mind, this paper looks at the important issue of sexual harassment and examines what strategies have been pursued and continue to be pursued with regards to addressing this issue. The focus falls primarily upon Canadian organizations charged with protecting the interests of women in the workforce. The writer details why sexual harassment is such an important topic and discusses in brief four Canadian organizations ostensibly committed to fighting sexual harassment in the workplace and looks at the strategies they pursue towards this end. Finally, the paper concludes with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the strategies apparently put forward by the above-mentioned organizations and notes what can be done differently to achieve the final aims of those preoccupied with bringing sexual harassment to an end.
From the Paper
"The first women's organization worthy of discussion is the Alberta Women Entrepreneurs organization - or the Alberta Women's Enterprise Initiative Association as it has historically also been called. A review of the organization's professional website reveals very little about the policies the AWE pursues in order to combat sexual harassment. For example, the home page contains links to popular events the organization puts on regularly with the goal of educating women about what skills and attitudes they need to be successful in an alleged "man's" world, but a careful review of the site does not reveal any specific policy initiatives vis-a-vis sexual harassment. Presumably, because the organization pursues an educational function above all else, at least some of the many events it stages each year discuss what women need to look for when they believe themselves to be the victims of sexual harassment . ."
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Human Sexuality, 2007.
This paper discusses the philosophy of human sexuality.
2,253 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the study of human sexuality and gender roles is a discipline complicated by a vast range of biases and prejudices. The writer notes that it may be arguable, with some justification, that it is impossible to approach this study from an unbiased perspective given our common humanity that the degree to which each of us is implicated in social relationships and influenced by our hormonal and physiological conditions. Within this context, this essay explores the questions of how sexuality and gender roles are constructed and the issues associated with medical interventions with regard to determining sexuality and gender roles. This essay argues the thesis that while sex is generally biologically determined, sexual orientation and gender roles are often - though not necessarily exclusively - socially constructed. Given this perspective, it is argued that medical interventions in these areas become highly problematic given the likelihood that they will be based upon not necessarily the patient's best interests, but the social preoccupations and biases of the medical intervenor.
From the Paper
"Thus, the numbers of truly inter-sexed infants may be assumed to be so small as to be statistically insignificant. While Kessler argues convincingly that physicians' socially constructed biases with respect to sexual orientation influence their interventions in inter-sexed infants, the fact remains that the numbers of such cases are so small as to not affect the overall conclusion that humanity is - in the vast majority - determined biologically by sex into male and female."
"Beyond this, however, evidence suggests that sexual orientation and gender roles may be significantly influenced by social construction to the point that the latter may often be the dominant factor in determining these roles."
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Social Construction of Sexuality, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the views of Sigmund Freud and Adrienne Rich on the social construction of sexuality.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Sigmund Freud and Adrienne Rich approach the issue of the social construction of sexual orientation from radically different perspectives and with different objectives. It argues, through a critical analysis of the writings of both thinkers, that while Freud represents heterosexual orientation as natural he is clearly conflicted on the issue of social construction while, in contrast, Rich focuses almost entirely upon how heterosexuality is socially determined, while suggesting that - outside of this oppressive social determination - sexual orientation is natural.
From the Paper
"In sharp contrast to Freud, Adrienne Rich represents heterosexuality as being social constructed by oppressive social forces, overriding innate or biologically determined sexual orientation that may be either homosexual or heterosexual. It should be noted that Rich is primarily focused upon a critique of the "bias" of "compulsory heterosexuality" in our society. While she attacks the view that women are "innately sexually-oriented" towards men (Rich 63), she acknowledges that there are women who are "self-described" as heterosexual as well as homosexual (Rich 90). Thus, although her focus is on the social construct of "compulsory heterosexuality" it appears that Rich considers there to be an underlying innate sexual orientation that the social construction is built upon and oppresses."
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Marriage Roles, 2007.
This paper discusses traditional versus non-traditional roles in marriage.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that traditional roles in marriage have been considered by some to be the foundation of American society. The writer points out that marriages between men and women have been accepted and expected since the country was founded and the gender roles that have been played in these relationships remained generally unchanged until the last few decades. The writer then notes that within the country people now argue about whether or not traditional roles in marriage are superior to non-traditional roles. The writer maintains that what is apparent is that there is an attempt being made to control how people live and who they will ultimately marry. The writer discusses that the struggle for control over people can be correlated to the control over women that has existed in traditional marriages throughout history. Traditional roles are no longer about happiness as much as they are about one partner dominating another. However, in non-traditional marriages individuals are discovering that they have the ability to build a life that is based on their mutual goals and these people are genuinely happy. The writer argues that since happiness would appear to be the primary reason for people to get married, it is evident that non-traditional roles are more preferential than traditional roles when it comes to marriage.
From the Paper
"With the rise of industrialization and urbanization traditional gender roles in marriage were established for many years. Traditional gender roles in marriage have focused on the woman being the primary caregiver and the man being the breadwinner. For women this meant that they were tasked with maintaining every aspect of the home, to include the upkeep of the residence, ensuring that the bills were paid, preparing the meals and cleaning. These roles also tasked the women with the responsibility of caring for children and ensuring that their educational needs were met. It further meant that the woman was responsible for attending to all of her husband's needs and providing a home in which he could be happy. For men the traditional role in marriage related more to employment and the ability to provide a sufficient income. While males were expected to fulfill a role as father and husband, these duties were expected to occur when the male had excess time away from his job."
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The Gender Wage Gap, 2007.
An analysis of the gender wage gap in Canada according to the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber.
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes what appears to be ensuring the continuation of the gender wage gap in Canada. It specifically analyzes the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber in order to determine the differences between the genders and thus the reasons for the gender wage gap. The paper concludes that neither Marx nor Weber provide acceptable explanations for today's culture.
From the Paper
"Weber's theories also do not offer a blueprint for us to follow today. Weber saw the differences between men and women as natural, and would not have any problem with the gender wage gap. In fact, he would no doubt see it as normal and natural. Indeed, it follows from Weber's theories that - as sex differences are natural - so too are differences in type of work, and pay. Thus, the implication of accepting Weber's theories would be to simply accept the gender wage gap as reflecting the natural differences between men and women. It is argued that this is not at all acceptable today. Moreover, Weber would not have foreseen that men would play increasingly large roles in the lives of their children. If he were around today, he would find the idea of single fathers unbelievable, and also he would find the idea of working mothers (working in the paid work force) unbelievable."
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Polygamy, 2007.
This paper provides a review of academic and popular literature on polygamy.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the subject of polygamy. The writer looks at its origins and then offers reflections on polygamy in contemporary and social literature. The writer notes that he chose this subject for reflection because he knows relatively little about it. Further, the writer points out that it is a subject of heated debate and much interest in many communities.
Outline:
Polygamy
Overview of Polygamy
Academic Information on Polygamy
Popular Sentiment on Polygamy
Comparison of Formal vs. Popular Literature on Polygamy
From the Paper
"This section explores whether the articles are essentialist or constructionist regarding ideas on sexuality. Ideas on gender, desire and sexual identity presented in popular media are often more liberal and open-minded than those expressed in more formal publications and reviews. Much of the literature reviewed from academic or formal journals and reports reveals the sentiment that polygamy is something unnatural and against traditional "American" culture. Academic literature argues that Polygamy is more constructionist in nature."
"This opposes popular opinion, largely supported by the gay movement, suggesting polygamy is more essentialist in nature. Popular media often satirizes theories of polygamy, supporting the idea that polygamy is no different than any other non-mainstream American ideal or religious ideal."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
This paper looks at both sides of the controversial argument regarding same-sex marriage.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question of whether same-sex marriage should be allowed or not has generated considerable argument between those who support the idea and offer their reasons, and those who oppose the idea and offer theirs. This essay offers a consideration of each side and their basic arguments. The writer argues that the claim that allowing same-sex marriage destroys the institution of marriage and the family is not supported by the facts, so same-sex marriage in some form should be allowed. The writer discusses that weighing the two sets of arguments suggests that most of the reasons why opponents say they oppose same-sex marriage are not valid, while the real reason would appear to be aversion to homosexual activity in any guise. The writer concludes that these people often see homosexuality as a choice rather than a condition, while more and more evidence suggests it is inherent and not a choice at all.
Outline:
Pro
Con
Personal View
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A basic aspect of the argument for gay marriage is a call for fairness, noting that married couples benefit from a variety of rights and privileges that are denied to unmarried persons, such as the right to inheritance, to insurance benefits, for one partner to visit the other in a hospital, and so on."
"Thomas B. Stoddard argues that gay people should seek the right to marry. He discusses the institution of marriage and finds it wanting, but in spite of these he believes that gay couples should seek their right to make this choice."
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