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| Essay # 103834 |
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Police and Ethics, 2008.
This paper argues that there must be public confidence in the ethical standards of the police.
2,429 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that police departments have to institute and follow stronger ethical guidelines and enforce the measures aggressively in order to demonstrate a commitment to ethical behavior to the community. The paper looks at the community policing programs in Pittsburgh and in Los Angeles that involve creating partnerships with local government, police, schools and community groups for the prevention of crime. The paper also looks at relations between the police and the black community. The paper concludes that a stronger enforcement mechanism has to be instituted to see that behavior conforms to the ethical precepts set forth and that the public has confidence that this is so.
From the Paper
"The city police represent the most visible aspect of law enforcement in the community, backed up by the courts, by state and federal levels, and by organizations both public and private dedicated to some aspect of law enforcement and the administration of justice. For most people, however, the local police would be the agency to call when a problem is perceived and help is needed. This places considerable pressure on the city police both to serve the public and also to represent law enforcement for the public. Problems develop in the latter role whenever a department or an individual officer engage in unethical behavior or otherwise cross the line, and the scrutiny given to the police at this level assures that every infraction discovered will become fodder for news reports and criticism from the community. The problem is clearly more acute in some communities, meaning poor and minority communities that do not trust the police even before such a problem erupts."
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The Right to Die, 2008.
This paper analyzes the ethical and legal right to die, as discussed in "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America" by William Colby.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes the Terri Schiavo case and explains William Colby's argument, as presented in his work "Unplugged: Reclaiming Our Right to Die in America", that the law should respect an individual's inherent right to die if the health circumstances are too severe. The paper then asserts that the Federal Justice Department did not have the right to prevent Oregon from allowing patient-assisted suicides. The paper also looks at the "Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health" landmark case that allowed persons the right to deny life-saving medical assistance. The paper is of the opinion that the chapter "My Living Will" of Colby's book is the most intriquiging, since it describes the personal and legal foundation for denying life support systems.
From the Paper
"The Terri Schiavo case represents a critical turning point for a patient's right to die, which helped to determine a legal framework under a caregiver's consent to terminate life support systems. With the Governor of Florida and the President of the United States creating legislation to prevent the death of Schiavo, the inherent right to life or death to a patient was denied after the lower court of Pinellas County decided that Schiavo would not want to live in a persistent vegetative state. However, the Supreme Courts of the United States and Florida decided correctly that the long-term state of Schiavo's suffering and lack of revival determined that her caregivers had a right to take away her feeding tube. This was the correct choice due to the fact that her long-term placement within hospital care had decidedly taken a course that would be deemed unconscionable to keep supporting Schiavo's lack of utility (to interact with other people) and to prevent a decent quality of life. The higher courts decided that her caregivers had the right to decide on Schiavo's assisted death due to the nature of her condition and the unethical medical authority that let her continue in such a condition."
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Professional Ethics, 2008.
This paper discusses professional ethics in the nursing workplace and related dilemmas.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer uses a specific example in a hospital to discuss the ethical dilemmas that may be encountered in the nursing workplace. In particular, the paper discusses the type of dilemma that can arise when caught between being an advocate for the patient and preserving the professional integrity of another professional when he errs.
From the Paper
" The ethics in question was whether to carry out one's duty to the patient and his family, in the interest of being fully honest, open and transparent to the patient in informing them what had happened versus not disclosing this information in the interest of not making a large fuss out of a resident's error that did not result in serious harm. On the one hand, the patient regained not only sinus rhythm, but also regained consciousness several minutes later. He was evidently not pleased to find himself intubated; there did not seem to be any signs of persistent ischemic injury nor reperfusion injury at the time. On the other hand, had the patient been without adequate perfusion for longer than it actually took to revive him, permanent injury would have resulted."
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The Ethics of Advertising to Children, 2008.
A discussion of the ethics of advertising to children.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at that question of whether advertising directed at children is ethical. It points out that the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow. Children view an estimated 360,0000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school. The paper also claims that, not until the early 1970s, was advertising directed at children seen as a problem in the United States. The paper argues that, although studies show that children under the age of seven cannot distinguish the difference between an advertisement and fact, there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at children within the United States. The paper compares the US to other countries, which have adopted the philosophy that advertising directed at children is immoral and have stepped in with varying levels of regulation. The paper concludes that, regarding television, it is unlikely there will be any restrictions placed on advertisers; however, with the proliferation of sites such as MySpace, YouTube, blogging, and other future technological advances to the Internet, there may eventually be a public outcry for more stringent regulations.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Advertising & Advertising to Children
Advertising and Its Impact on Children
Why So Much Emphasis on Advertising to Children?
Notable Examples of Advertising to Children
The Regulation of Advertising
Regulations in Other Countries
How Likely Change Is in the Future & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the US, there are currently few policies or standards for food advertising and marketing aimed at children. The advertising industry maintains self-regulatory policies established by the Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the National Council of Better Business Bureaus. CARU's guidelines apply to all forms of children's advertising, but it has no legal authority over advertisers and can only seek voluntary compliance. CARU has a group of about 20 advisors and 35 supporters, many of whom are from the food industry, such as Burger King, Frito-Lay, McDonald's, General Mills, Nabisco and Hershey. The CARU voluntary guidelines list seven basic principles, which address areas such as product presentation and claims, endorsement and promotion by program characters, sales pressures, disclosures and disclaimers and safety concerns."
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Aristotle and the Ultimate Human Good, 2008.
An examination of the basis of Aristotle's arguments regarding the ultimate human good.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Aristotle's view of the ultimate human good, particularly his discussions on both the ethical character of modern societies and on the theological interpretations of right and wrong. It describes Aristotle's basis of the conditions of community, enjoyment, political interaction and profound contemplation of things.
From the Paper
"This quality that Aristotle was after was to comprehend internally what it means to be virtuous and how to act or behave accordingly. For Aristotle the good life, the virtuous life, is measured first by identifying the "universal good" to be utilized as a yardstick to first measure oneself and one's effectiveness at leading a virtuous life; i.e., contemplation. Aristotle's universal good is a yardstick with which the contemplative individual must measure his or her own existence from an internal perspective. One potential view of Aristotle's ultimate good then is that he accurately observes that a virtuous person engaging in the political life, must first have examined him or herself vis-a-vis this metaphorical yardstick before truly being able to be considered both virtuous and effective in external actions."
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Cloning of Human Beings, 2008.
This paper argues that the cloning of human beings should be outlawed worldwide.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that cloning offers the prospect of scientists being able to create a new individual genetically identical to another person. The writer points out that the science to do this has almost been perfected. The writer notes that some people believe that cloning technology should be vigorously developed, as it offers an enormous potential to cure diseases and so reduce human suffering. However, this essay argues that this potential benefit is outweighed by the massive potential ethical problems. Therefore, it is argued that cloning of human beings should be outlawed worldwide.
From the Paper
"One compelling reason to ban cloning is with regard to the human rights of potential cloned beings. Things that are manufactured are usually, by definition, property, and so do not have human rights. Thus, if a company were to clone human beings, it could possibly have the power to use these people as "spare parts" for rich clients. This potential ethical minefield was explored in the recent film, The Island. In this film, rich people have clones made from their DNA, and "store" them in an underground facility. The clones have no idea they are clones - they think they are the survivors of a nuclear holocaust, kept confined for their own safety. When their "owners" become sick or are injured, the clones are simply killed to provide spare parts. The clones are even used for breeding purposes. In this way, a female customer of the clone company can "give birth" to her own genetic offspring without the inconvenience of being pregnant."
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Clash of Consumer Rights and Religious Freedom, 2008.
A discussion regarding the clash of consumer rights and religious and which has priority.
877 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article the clash of consumer rights and religious freedom is discussed. The paper relates that the issue is framed in the two articles discussed in the paper, which look at decisions by Muslims in the United States not to perform certain tasks that are part of their jobs. The writer notes that this issue extends far beyond this religious group or a specific issue and has been argued most often recently in terms of Christian pharmacists who do not want to fill certain prescriptions because they are opposed to birth control and abortifacents. The writer points out that America is a country that supports religious freedom, but all freedoms have some limitations when the rights of others are being infringed. The writer argues that given the way the needs of each side are being characterized, consumer rights take priority over religious freedom.
From the Paper
"In truth, the religious freedom of the Muslims is not being curtailed at all. No one has said they cannot worship as they please, and no one is saying they have to act in a way that runs counter to their beliefs. What they are saying is that Muslims can exercise their right freely in their own domain, but in the public arena of commerce, they cannot decide to change the nature of commerce to make it more Islamic. For one thing, while religious freedom is a right, having a specific job is not a right. Employers can always place certain requirements on an employee as to how the job is to be performed and in fact has the right to fire an employee for any reason, at least in most circumstances, though a contract or union agreement might change this situation. This places the power in the hands of the employer so that the employer could insist that its cab drivers carry all passengers, or that its clerks be able to perform all tasks on the goods sold and for the benefit of the customers served."
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Ethics in Business, 2008.
A description of the sources of power of a chief executive officer (CEO) and a case study analysis of the changes instituted at Tyco after the conviction of their former (CEO).
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ethics in business, particularly by the leaders of the organization. It describes the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) and the sources of power that he or she may have. The paper then discusses the ethical changes instituted at Tyco after the conviction of former CEO, Dennis Kozlowski, in 2005. The paper describes the case and how it was handled by the company.
Table of Contents:
The CEO and Power
Tyco after the Conviction of its CEO
From the Paper
"The company also makes clear statements of its ethical principles on its website and calls for adherence to high standards "by establishing processes and practices that promote and ensure integrity, compliance, and accountability" (Verschoor, 2006, para. 8). The lapses of Kozlowski showed that the ethical structure in place before was inadequate, and only time will tell if the corrected system will serve to assure a more ethical operation in the future. Stopping the cycle of corruption is the goal, and bringing in every employee as an active participant in assuring ethical behavior is the primary means of achieving it."
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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2008.
An examination of an organization that sets out to protect animal rights but with extreme actions.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the work and ideas of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and gives an account of an exercise carried out to promote its cause and explain its positions.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Language Analysis
From the Paper
"The saying goes that actions speak louder than words, and for some groups attempting to persuade the public of the virtue of their point of view, this can be an unfortunate truth. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) offer a persuasive argument on their website and in various literature, but the virtues of their point of view are often lost on the public because of actions the group has taken that cause people to view them as a fringe group with extreme ideas. The ideas may not really be that extreme, but their actions sometimes are and so undercut the power of their speech. PETA is dedicated first to the same sorts of issues as the SPCA (or the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). The latter group seeks legislation to prevent cruelty to animals and promotes public awareness of cases of cruelty. The group also promotes caring for animals as a virtue to be pursued. PETA does much the same but also takes more extreme positions against those who in any way disagree with them or who may use animals in any way that causes the disapproval of the organization. This sometimes leads to extreme action, such as throwing blood on people wearing fur. Such actions have given the group a reputation that undercuts the persuasive power of their speech."
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Systems Thinking and Change Management, 2008.
This paper is a case study that analyzes the systems thinking and change management in managerial functions at Riordan Manufacturing, a multi-national plastics producing company.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that Riordan Manufacturing is planning a move to shift some of its manufacturing to the Canadian market so that it can gain greater cost efficiencies and yet still maintain its relative proximity to its corporate headquarters. The author points out that systems theory management is an appropriate management approach because of the inter-related set of activities, which Riordan must manage within the context of business operations as it integrates the new foreign managerial structures. The paper relates that Riordan has several stakeholder perspectives that it must take into account differently: existing employees, Canadian employees, executive management and the board of directors. The author underscores that utilizing the corporate virtual private network (VPN), which is tunneled through the broader Internet, allows Riordan corporate headquarters to communicate in a real-time,seamless fashion with all its foreign subsidiaries. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Systems Management
Stakeholder Views
Technology and Change
Ethics and Responsibility
From the Paper
"Managers, in respect to their various roles and activities related to the four managerial functions of planning, leading, controlling and coordinating, must be able to place their duties and responsibilities within each specific category. In this sense, where scientific managers call management a science, operations oriented managers call management and leadership an art where the four functions of planning, coordinating, leading and controlling are all equally balanced: "The art of leadership, however, is more difficult to learn and comes about from keen perception, excellent listening skills and plain old experience.""
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Social Contract Theory, 2008.
This paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of the social contract theory.
1,411 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at what the social contract theory holds morality to be as well as the apparent advantages and disadvantages of the theory as a guide for regulating the moral actions of everyday citizens. The paper looks at how the theory fails insofar as it insufficiently protects the disabled from mistreatment at the hands of others. The paper focuses on the sad case of Baby Theresa, a disabled child whose demise offers a poignant rebuttal of the social contract view that some creatures should be beyond moral consideration. The paper warns that once a society decides that utilitarian arguments should hold sway when it comes to who should live and die, it opens up the potential for large numbers of its citizens to be exploited brutally by others.
From the Paper
"In the view of Hobbes, morality is the practical solution to the question of how best human beings can interact with one another in a social context. Put another way, morality is needed (even if people do not see profound religious or philosophical reasons for its existence) because all of us need a stable and secure society if we are to enjoy all the benefits that should accrue to us as social beings (Rachel, 2003b). Seen in this light, one may present the case that a society committed to the social contract will work industriously to preserve the rights of all citizens - including the mentally-disabled. After all, if the rights of one group are undermined, then the rights of all other groups can easily be undermined, as well."
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Electronic Medical Records and Security, 2008.
This paper looks at the subject of electronic medical records, focusing on security and confidentiality issues.
2,906 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that advances in computer technology and the development of the Internet have enabled the healthcare community to maintain medical records electronically, which has been beneficial for patients and healthcare providers alike. The writer points out that there is also a downside to this system of electronic record keeping, for it also renders the private medical records of patients vulnerable to unauthorized access. The writer notes that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with such risks. The writer discusses that the emergence of electronic medical records systems presents security challenges, for such records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper records kept in a doctor's office, a nursing station, or a clinic. The writer maintains that protecting the privacy of patients is essential, not only because of the vital importance of ethical medical treatment, but because of emerging confidentiality issues related to electronic medical records.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The literature review clarifies that the healthcare community has a professional and ethical responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate policies to deal with the risks to confidentiality imposed by electronic medical record keeping. It is evident that the development and expansion of electronic medical records systems presents a wide range of security, ethics, and medical research interest challenges.
"The fundamental issue underlying all other issues is the fact that electronic medical records are far more vulnerable to unauthorized access by third parties than paper medical records were. Protecting the privacy of patients has always been essential because of the vital importance of providing ethical and confidential medical treatment, but it has also been essential to conduct medical research, which requires access to healthcare data on a general and individual patient basis. Consequently, everyone involved in this debate and affected by it must understand the implications of restricting electronic access to medical records."
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Aristotle and Moral Responsibility, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of Aristotle's beliefs of moral responsibility.
705 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Aristotle's belief that human beings are morally responsible for their conception of the good life, which was based on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal that they consider good. The paper explains Aristotle's argument that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good must exist. The paper further explains how moral responsibility extends across desires to the conduct those desires produce and to the ends such conduct achieves.
From the Paper
"Aristotle believed that we are morally responsible for our conception of the good life, and based this belief on his determination that every form of activity people engage in has an ultimate goal which they consider good. Furthermore, Aristotle argued that because there cannot be an endless regression of external motivations, there must be an intrinsic motivation for achieving the highest good. This highest good is the goal towards which all human activity is directed."
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