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Death Penalty as a Deterrent, 2006.
A discussion about whether the death penalty is a real deterrent for violent crimes.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the death penalty continues to be a highly controversial issue with most Americans and its deterrent effect has still not been absolutely determined. This paper concludes that it is clear that the death penalty does serve society quite well under certain circumstances, but in reality, society must begin to understand the reasons why people commit violent crimes and determine how to change a person's violent tendencies which in the end will make the death penalty unnecessary.
From the Paper
"One of the most controversial issues in today's America has to do with the question as to whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent to crime. Many of those that support the death penalty argue that execution, whether by lethal injection, the electric chair or hanging, is the most suitable penalty for persons who have committed atrocious crimes like first-degree murder, rape or the murder of a child. The main contention for these supporters is that the convicted person deserves punishment that is comparable to the crime; in addition, supporters of the death penalty argue that such an action demonstrates society's adherence to moral principles. According to Robert Bidinotto, such crimes as premeditated murder "is a crime in a class by itself," for it "negates the highest moral end of a civil society," being human life (156)."
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Business Ethical Lapses, 2005.
This paper discusses the current situation of business ethical lapses, especially at Enron, WorldCom, Tyco International and Freddie Mac.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the business world is lapsing into a state where the question of maintaining certain ethics in all the numerous business transactions is being lost, particularly in the area of price-fixing, overcharging, domestic and foreign bribes, fraud and patent infringements. The author points out that most business leaders recognize that ethics in business must be given a great importance and are setting up ethical codes of conduct, which the employees, starting with the top echelons, are expected to follow. The paper relates that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which creates severe penalties for the falsification of records and other such corporate crimes, has proven to be a very effective tool in the controlling of white collar or corporate crimes.
From the Paper
"'Freddie Mac' is a corporation owned by stockholders and is responsible for the supply of a continuous fund for mortgage lenders. It was in June 2003 that the President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, David Glenn was fired, after which event his Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Leland Brendsel, and the Chief Financial Officer, Vaughn Clarke submitted their resignations. Freddie Mac has been met with stiff opposition when it attempted to pay off the two executives who resigned in the middle of the accounting scandal, the purpose being that the share prices would not fall drastically. While Clarke has been allowed to resign with $1 million in compensation, Brendsel has been offered $53.7 million as compensation, even though it came to light that the two top executives had been involved in smoothing out earnings, and in accounting violations."
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Ambulance Chasing, 2006.
This paper analyzes the ethicality of the practice known as "ambulance chasing".
5,193 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the practice of "ambulance chasing" to determine whether it is a service or a disservice to victims of a disaster. The author considers the issue from the perspective of three philosophical models used for determining the ethical course of action, including the teleological approach, the deontological approach and the relativist approach. The paper then concludes that the decision to limit severely or disallow ambulance chasing seems to be the most ethical decision and explains the reasoning behind this conclusion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Fact Gathering
Ambulance Chasing is a Global Problem
Making Cases
Determining the Ethical Issue
Principles on Which to Base Ethical Decisions
The Relativist Approach
The Deontological Approach
The Teleological Approach
Alternatives Based on the Relativist Approach
Alternatives Based on the Deontological Approach
Alternatives Based on a Teleological Approach
Consequences
The Decision
From the Paper
"Deontology demands a good and a bad element. It is difficult to delineate either of these absolutely in the case of ambulance chasing; it is easy in such cases as murder. To force application of this test in the case of ambulance chasing results in an artificially rigid interpretation of right and wrong, and it does so, moreover, before the facts in any given case are known. In the case of the train derailment in California, it is clear that the suicidal man who left his truck on the tracks was acting unethically. However, beyond that, there is no clarity."
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Power, 2006.
This in-depth paper defines and analyzes the effects of power during the modern and postmodern eras, while focusing on the views and opinions of sociologist Max Weber and philosopher Michel Foucault.
3,020 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the post-modern shift in sociology and culture that has evolved, due to the effects of modern thought. This paper defines the term power, as perceived by sociologist Max Weber during the modern era, while Michel Foucault's philosophical views and opinions relate to the postmodern era. According to Weber, modernity was a particular set of ideas and modes of thought that, like any other set of facts, possessed a history. This paper discusses Weber's research and writings which cited that human society was as scientific as any other aspect of the natural world. The writer of this paper contends and explains how and why Weber viewed power as a triumphant rationalism and that all of existence could be reduced to theory and experiment. The writer also details the views and opinions of Foucault, who contends that everything in the universe is relative. This paper examines Foucault's ideas, which relate primarily to his definition of power as "the possession of dominion over others." According to Foucault, in the postmodern era, money is the primary source of power.
From the Paper
"If you receive deference, you are more powerful than the individual who gives you that deference. It all sounds so simple and straightforward. Max Weber's definition of power as a matter of relative prestige is the Modernist Definition of Power... right? Yes, "right" if the author of this composition is solely responsible for defining a Modernist definition of anything versus a Postmodernist definition of the same thing. Obviously, the problem is not to so clear cut, nor so easily resolved. The terms "Modern" and "Postmodern" are as much relative distinctions as those found to exist between the words "short" and "tall." At bare minimum, a working definition of the terms "modern," and "Postmodern" would probably hinge on the most common, generally, and widely accepted meanings of the two terms - but not necessarily.
However, much as Rene Descartes proclaimed, "I think therefore I am," we too shall attempt a specific definition of our two terms of comparison."
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Genetic Engineering, 2006.
This well-researched paper focuses on the controversial and highly debated topic of cloning.
2,352 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the ethical and moral aspects surrounding cloning and genetic engineering, while also pondering the various reasons for this particular form of science. This paper delves into the legalities surrounding genetic engineering by discussing the current patent laws regarding DNA and genetic findings. This paper also explores the various types of genetic research currently being done, which according to the writer, has no practical use in science, by creating living organisms that are neither animals nor plants. According to published reports, pigs implanted with spinach have been created by Japanese scientists. The report mentioned that it was the first plant gene to be inserted into any animal.
From the Paper
"The types of animals and products that are being discovered now often seem to have no direction and soon a day may come when individuals will be developing items to satisfy their own personal idiosyncrasies, somewhat similar to the creation of computer viruses, or virus attacks. This is seen in the creation of a virus accidentally by an Australian group. This kills every one of its victims through the method of removing the immune systems of the group involved in the attack. The virus that has been created is a mouse-pox, and does not affect humans though it is similar to smallpox. This is similar to technologies that can be used for terrorist activities. Originally the developers had no intention of preparing a virus, but they wanted to make a contraceptive vaccine for pest control for mice. For creation of a contraceptive vaccine for mice, the group was trying to stir up the antibodies against the eggs of mice and thus make them infertile."
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Manipulation Tactics, 2006.
This paper examines various strategies and methods of persuasion and influence, whether for financial gain or other purposes.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the cause and effects of cult influences, while also detailing the four main methods of defense against these particular manipulation tactics. The writer of this paper stresses the importance of protecting ourselves against these specific influences, by understanding the warning signs associated with cults. This paper explores the bias of self-serving cults, which are well known and should be recognized easily. This paper focuses on another manipulation and influential tactic, which is used by the media in advertising. The writer of this paper also discusses the ethical and moral aspects surrounding these coercion tactics.
From the Paper
"Another method of influence that comes on us is through frames and they are used for both good of the people or evil. The frames are manipulative to put individuals in a situation where they would find it very difficult to get out of. The frames are formed in a manner where they can not be determined easily as ordinary persons are too busy to realize that they are facing an issue which has been framed. The method of avoiding this is to remember that one has to make all decisions for oneself with full responsibility. One of the areas when this is used in convincing people to purchase some not needed items. To avoid this people have to ask themselves whether they need the item, or whether they have greater needs for their money. One has also to find out if the seller would be making a benefit from the purchase, and this is to be found out. When this matter is being hidden one can be certain that one is being framed. The method of defending oneself is to suggest alternate strategies to the individual and see the reaction."
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Philosophical Topics, 2006.
A comparison of different philosophical topics using a mock web page as the format for comparison.
3,613 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper presents mock web page text for the purpose of exploring the philosophy behind several topics that can be linked together. The writer explores philosophy regarding death, religion, metaphysics, human nature and human ethics and links the reader to different various pages dealing with each of the topics.
Table of Contents
Death
Philosophy of Reincarnation
Metaphysics and Death
From the Paper
"When it comes to the topic of philosophy, what can be a more debatable topic than death? Do we die when we are gone or do we exist in some supernatural state for all eternity? Do we get to come back as a dog a cat a mouse or are we the whisper of the wind in the trees on warm summer mornings? Do we get to see what happens to those we love; left here on earth; or do we remain oblivious to their earthly pains and trials? All of these questions create a hotbed of discussion and debate within the topic of death and the philosophy behind the various beliefs(Philosophy of death Is Religion Philosophy Gone Bad? http://www.apostolic.net/biblicalstudies/philogonebad.htm)."
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Ethics in Accounting, 2005.
This paper discusses the importance of ethical behavior in the profession of accounting.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the "Ten Universal Ethical Values" are--honesty, integrity, living up to promises, loyalty, equality, caring, admiration for other people, dutiful citizenship, quest for quality and answerability. The author points out that a profession is built on the foundation of a widely acknowledged body of knowledge, a popularly accepted standard of achievement and an enforceable code of ethics, which is most vital component in setting up of a profession. The paper stresses that the primary cause for holding ethical guidelines is not to give a panacea to all vocation-associated difficulties but to assist in the decision making process for circumstances, which entail ethical issues such as taxes.
From the Paper
"Definite duties of the accounting profession are put forth in the different code of ethics circulated by important establishments like the AICPA. The AICPA's foremost rule of professional conduct declares: In discharging their duties as professionals, associates must implement responsive professional and moral views in all their works. The failure of auditor sovereignty infringing Rule 101 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct was the topic of a research project using 2,000 arbitrarily chosen AICPA members in public accounting profession as a staff auditor, senior, or manager."
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"Justice, Crime and Ethics", 2006.
An overview of this book by Belinda Rodger McCarthy, et. al.
740 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
"Justice, Crime and Ethics" (B. Rodgers McCarthy, et. al., 2005) centers on the law, the criminal justice system, policing, the courts and all the complex issues that surround the various careers in criminal justice. The paper explains how each section of the text examines a particular part of the system, from an introduction to the peacemaking process, all the way through to policing, the courts, corrections, crime control, and even potential future issues. The paper also explains why this book is not a typical text book.
From the Paper
"The case studies at the end of each chapter also make the reader think quite deeply about these issues, and answer questions in their own mind so they know where they stand on these important and complex issues. It is clear that the criminal justice system is not perfect, and the text gives some good information on what may be done to combat some of the problems with the criminal justice system, and how it may be overhauled in the future. It also uses a crystal ball of sorts to look into the future to see what it holds for the system and those who choose it as a career."
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Organizational Communications, Business Ethics and Globalization, 2006.
Examines organizational communications and business ethics in Nigeria, India and China, using case Studies of Halliburton, Bank of America and Wal-Mart.
1,806 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The process of globalization is a form of dialogue between an international business organization and another nation's economy and needs. Globalization involves combining existing business organizational structures with that of a new local culture. The tumult that occurs during an organizational expansion into a new economic environment can be difficult, but productive as well. This paper examines how Bank of America made use of a large, inexpensive, yet relatively well-educated English-speaking work force India. It embraced India's advantages and provided benefits for Indian workers, as well as educational, health and safety safeguards and financial opportunities. The paper shows that even Wal-Mart made use of a large population experienced in garment manufacturing on a mass scale in China and provided substantial benefits to the nation in excess to what the local populace was accustomed to receiving from indigenous companies. In contrast, the paper shows that although Halliburton in Nigeria also initially made use of a lower-cost English speaking former colony, it did so with less effective results because of a perceived insensitivity to national needs, such as its corruption and abuse of the local environment.
From the Paper
"Of course, there are not as many safety and security concerns in India regarding the local population in regards to the banking industry as there are with defense manufacturing. Still, it seems as though, because the company entered into the agreement with a spirit of respect, it has become one of the most popular of "foreign banks" that "are moving more money into India, lured by the rising incomes in Asia's fourth-biggest economy," combined with its cheaper sources of English-speaking and technically experienced labor. (MacDonald & Daga, 2003) Unlike Nigeria, the African nation's economy is not expanding at nearly as quick a pace, thus highlighting the dependency of the Nigerian nation upon Halliburton."
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Aristotle's Ethics, 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics," which express the Greek philosopher's numerous fundamental concerns.
1,732 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle's argument that the happiest life is the one in which a person does everything for philosophical contemplation. The philosopher contends that a life lived for the sake of morally virtuous activity is happy, though in a lesser sense. This paper explores the contents of Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics," in which the philosopher establishes the idea of a goal-directed activity as the concept necessary for an understanding of human goodness and excellence. This paper analyzes Aristotle's frequent use of the term Eudemonia, the Greek word for happiness. The writer of this paper contends and explains why eudemonia is constituted, in Aristotle's opinion, not by honor, or wealth, or power but by rational activity in harmony with excellence. This paper also focuses on Aristotle's lengthy dialogues on moral virtue and friendship and his evident admiration for the morally virtuous person, which led many to assume that human good is the exercise of practical and not theoretical virtue.
From the Paper
"The best way to make sense of the notion is to observe happiness as something of a framework for all the other various goods that we aim for. We achieve eudaimonia with the correct ordering of such items, by imposing a pattern on our activities that gives all of them the fitting significance, by adopting a suitable hierarchy for all the different goods pursued by mankind. Therefore, eudaimonia consists of many different goods and will provide the general significance to all of them (providing a significant meaning to our lives). Eudaimonia is not achieved by actively seeking it. Rather, it is attained it by ordering our pursuit of all the other goods in the proper manner. Happiness, which is the highest and final goal of human existence, is, in other words, somewhat of a by-product of carrying out our pursuit of all the other goods (wealth, fame, learning, and so on) in the correct manner."
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Business Ethics, 2005.
This paper discusses several business ethics issues based on a case study, which underscore the blurred lines in the area of professional ethics.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ethical behavior means more than following rules or a code of conduct with a list of "thou-shalt-nots"; it is a set of guiding principles, which people should do, not necessarily what they must do. The author points out that the first thing the employee in this case needs to learn as a corporate person is to never promise never: She should not have agreed to confidentiality before knowing what information she was going to be given, which put her in a difficult position when she tried to verify the information. The paper stresses that, while the superior did have the right to demand to know the name of the informant, he did not have the right to threaten the employee's job if she would not tell.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Ethical Issues Are Involved?
Ethical Issue #1
Ethical Issue #2
Ethical Issue #3
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This is the case of a company employee who received some information that could seriously impact the credibility of the company at a future date. She has only worked for this company for two months, but spent a year at the parent company in a probationary period before being sent here in a management position. Her direct superior is a go-getter whose only goal is to move up and out of the present company. The employee has received some information from her superior's secretary regarding some promises the man made to the union in order to avoid a strike."
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Cloning, 2006.
This paper focuses on the controversial and much debated issue of cloning.
1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The writer contends that while there is virtually universal agreement that human cloning is neither safe nor ethically desirable, the research work being done in other cloning techniques continues to greatly interest scientists and the public alike. This paper examines the three main types cloning processes, while also discussing the ethical issues that arise from these techniques. The three cloning techniques are comprised of DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. The DNA cloning process involves the transferring of a DNA fragment from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element or a cloning vector such as a bacterial plasmid. This paper details the technology involved in reproductive cloning, which entails creating organisms with an identical genetic make-up to an already existing organism. This paper explores the benefits of cloning, including finding cures for diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer and diabetes. This paper discusses the concerns which have been raised over the destruction of unwanted embryos and the potential risk of abuse in this specific area of science. The writer examines the fact that many countries currently permit stem cell research, which can be conducted only on in-vitro embryos or embryos that were discarded during infertility treatments.
From the Paper
"In therapeutic cloning, concerns have been raised over the destruction of unwanted embryos, and the future abuse of such technology. The fear of abuse is, in fact, all too real since therapeutic cloning is just one step away from reproductive cloning. But the fear of eugenics or playing God is not the only ethical issue involved. For, opponents of the technology also argue that an embryo has life and the moral status of a person from the moment of conception. Therefore, it is immoral to kill the nascent life that is the embryo. Advocates of therapeutic cloning refute this argument by pointing out that the technology holds the promise of curing millions of adults of hitherto incurable diseases, and, therefore, the life of an already living being should be valued far more than one that has yet to fully form."
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The Abortion Debate, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines both sides of the much-debated and controversial issue of abortion.
4,307 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper delves into the legal, ethical and religious aspects surrounding abortion, while also focusing on the feminist view of this hotly-debate topic. The writer of this paper traces the roots of the abortion debate back to Susan B. Anthony. Anthony opposed abortion because the medical procedure, in her time, was unsafe and endangered a woman's health and life. This paper examines how feminists today defend the development of safe and effective birth control as a means to prevent abortion. This paper also looks at the views of various feminist organizations such as Feminists for Life and Feminists Against Abortion. This paper discusses the media's impact in the evolution of the "Pro-Choice" and "Pro-Life" movements. This paper also discusses how the laws regarding legal abortions have changed over the past 40 years. In 1965, all 50 states banned the procedure, with some exceptions. In 1973, The Supreme Court reversed the situation in the case of Roe vs. Wade, declaring most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional. The writer of this paper explores the issue of abortion in various religions, including Judaism and the different Christian sects. While those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion must be considered. This paper also touches on the ethical side, where many believe that abortions should only be considered when the life of the mother is at stake. However, shades of grey enter into the picture when other reasons are offered as well, as detailed in this paper.
From the Paper
"Although those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion takes place as the outcome of trying to deal with another medical issue. For example, the Church would allow "the doctrine of double effect" if the mother requires a life-saving operation that may possibly end the pregnancy, since it is the first priority to save the woman's life rather than end the pregnancy.
Many Protestant denominations including the Anglicans, Methodists and Quakers have been disinclined to be as strict as the Catholic Church. Frequently, they accept that there are certain occasions when abortion is an unavoidable result of deciding between the "lesser of two evils."
To further complicate the issue, explains Ellingson, there is even disagreement among the Catholics and among the Protestants. "It is not just a Catholic and Protestant Debate."
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