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Medical Ethics, 2006.
A case study of a medical ethics dilemma and how a physician might respond to such a dilemma.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates a medical ethics dilemma by examining a case study of a women suffering from both Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The paper describes the medical situation of the woman as well as her family's and doctor's opposing responses to the medical situation, which are creating the ethical dilemma. In addition, the it discusses some of the possible approaches that can be taken towards resolving the dilemma, but also points out that there is no solid resolution for this particular dilemma.
From the Paper
"In essence, what is one to do in such a situation? Although the physician, being a highly-trained medical specialist/surgeon, fully realizes that Ms. Alexander will die from the gangrene infection in her feet if the amputation is not performed, the question is whether he is bound by ethical considerations to yield to the wishes of his patient and her family members or use his better judgment as a physician and perform the operation without their consent."
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"Billy Budd", 2006.
A review of Herman Melville's short novel "Billy Budd".
2,670 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by outlining the plot of the novel. The author continues to offer an extensive study on the underlying themes of "Billy Budd". It examines Yoder's theory on naval justice and in conclusion, explores military ethics through Melville's text.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Conventional Reading of Budd: Why it is Wrong to Read Budd as a Fable
Yoder's theory: the centrality of impressment
Impressment: Budd must as a clash of two social ethical systems or cultures, not in literary or allegorical terms
Works Cited
From the Paper
"However, the presence of literary parallels does not do sufficient justice "all the battles about the moral and political vision at the heart of the tale" that swirl around one question: Are we supposed to admire or condemn Captain Vere for his decision to sentence Billy Budd to death by public hanging, according to an ethical system that may be valid, but that Budd does not either understand nor agree to. In his essay "Billy Budd and Capital Punishment," like Yoder, Franklin sets forth the issue of how to contextualize Budd as a specific narrative of situation, not as a moral dilemma with allusions to Shakespeare and the Bible."
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Jeremy Bentham, 2006.
This paper focuses on the life and contributions of English jurist, social reformist, political thinker and philosopher Jeremy Bentham.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Jeremy Bentham on Britain's judicial system. This paper discusses the England's corrupt legal system during the 18th and 19th centuries which Bentham succeeded in considerably reforming. This paper analyzes the political thinker's approach to social reform. The writer of this paper delves into Bentham's insightful views and opinions pertaining to political liberty, hedonism and psychological egoism. This paper also examines Bentham's considerable impact on the British Parliament which upon Bentham's death passed the Reform Bill, which extricated political power from the ruling nobility and bestowed it upon British population.
From the Paper
"The basis for Bentham's theory of government necessarily starts from his ethical propositions; both of these depend upon his principle of utility he called this the "greatest happiness" principle. Bentham identifies happiness with pleasure, and supposes that the rightness or wrongness of actions can only be accurately comprehended upon a scale of pleasure and pain, happiness and unhappiness. This makes him a hedonist, but he is a utilitarian hedonist in that he believes that human actions should be measured along these guidelines based upon their definitive outcomes. The outcome of purely moral actions spreads this principle throughout all of society: "It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong."
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Ethics in Southwest Airlines, 2005.
This in-depth paper profiles the corporate and business practices of Southwest Airlines while primarily focusing on the company's approach to business ethics.
7,288 words (approx. 29.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 115.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the on-going success of Southwest Airlines which continues to remain a leader in the industry during an era when more and more airlines are facing closure and bankruptcy. This paper delves into the numerous crises faced by Southwest Airlines which the company has successfully managed to weather. The writer delves into the history of the company which began in 1971 with only three aircrafts while also discussing the company's primary goals and vision. This well-researched paper analyzes the business ethics and corporate structure of Southwest which states that their employees are hardworking, dedicated and highly motivated and a significant contributing factor to the company's overall success. This paper also contains the results of published studies as well as statistics and data relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of the Business Ethics of Southwest Airlines
How Southwest Airlines Handles the Various Crises
The Ethical Responsibility of Southwest Today and for the Future
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Donna Conover, the executive Vice President of Customer services, states that ever since she joined the company, more than twenty eight years back, she had always felt that the employees of the company were the greatest assets for the firm, and perhaps it is because of the policy that the company follows, which is that of never ever dictating pay cuts to its employees, that it has managed to keep all its employees happy and satisfied, and working hard at all times. This was seen in the fact that employees by themselves, during the Gulf War of the 1990's, when fuel costs skyrocketed, voluntarily reduced their pay for some time in order to cope with the escalating costs of fuel. In a similar manner, after the debacle of September 11, Southwest Airlines employees volunteered to take cut costs on their wages, so that the company may be able to cope better with its reductions in flying schedules. This type of loyalty for the company has as yet been unrivalled."
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Medical Care for Illegal Immigrants, 2005.
This paper discusses that providing healthcare for illegal immigrants has become a major topic of ethical debate and an issue of increasing financial concern in the United States.
2,450 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that religious institutions, who are deeply embedded in both health care delivery and lobbying for the medical care of illegal immigrants, are driven by understandings of the imperatives of Christian social thought and by institutional missions formulated with the intention of realizing commitments, which flow from Christian faith. The author stresses that, for health care to flourish as a community, there needs to be a rough equality among members because health care facilities should be considered as common goods that bind communities together, which is a belief often referred to as the "preferential option for the poor". The paper concludes that it is easy to understand the burden and frustration many states are forced to deal with concerning healthcare for illegal immigrants because it is very much a 'Catch 22' situation.
From the Paper
"Pediatricians and hospitals with special pediatric expertise are facing the dilemma of rationing care to uninsured, undocumented children, especially for expensive life-saving care such as transplants, chemotherapy, and dialysis. In fact, almost every community in the United States faces the challenge of providing care to this population, because the federal government has left much of the funding of health care for uninsured undocumented persons to individual states, local governments, hospitals, and clinics.Says Stephen Berman in the November 2004 issue of "Pediatrics" , "There is an urgent priority for discussion and research initiatives to take place at the city, county, state, and federal levels to address the delivery and financing of medial care to foreign national undocumented children residing in the United States.""
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Nature verses Nurture, 2005.
This paper argues that the discovery of the gene does not change the traditional discussion of "nature verses nurture"
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper questions that, as evidenced by the ancient civilizations, how can it be assumed that genes are constant and uniform in all human beings and will determine what man will be like? The author stresses that the question of genes is their effect on the physical and behavioral traits of humans and does not change the view of society on what a well-nurtured human is. The paper concludes that society still expects the products of good nurturing such as people who are honest, sensitive to environment and non-violent and self-restraint; however, even in the Old Testament, there is the tale of Cane and Abel which demonstrates both nature and nurture.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In June 2000, President Clinton had organized a press conference to mark one of the most important milestones of the century and that was the cracking of the human genetic code. Two of the men most responsible for the two competing genetic projects were there - Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute and J. Craig Venter, president of Celera Genomics. They were also individuals involved in finding out the 3 billion 'letters' of the human genome, or the biochemical recipe encoded in our DNA that were the reasons for birth and operating a human being."
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The Do-Not-Resuscitate Policy, 2005.
This paper analyzes the arguments for and against a terminally ill individual's right to die as well as the legalities surrounding the medical community's do-not-resuscitate policy (DNR).
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ongoing and controversial debate regarding euthanasia. This paper discusses the rights of terminally ill patients who opt to refuse treatment as well as the various legal and moral ramifications surrounding this particular topic. This paper delves into the views, policies and cost control measures of health insurance companies regarding DNR policies. This paper discusses both sides of the assisted suicide issue as it pertains to terminally ill individuals. This paper explores the medical community's reputation related to the improving quality of care given to terminally ill patients. This paper discusses the medical community's concern regarding inherent or potential disciplinary actions, malpractice liability as well as criminal prosecution surrounding physician assisted suicide. This paper also analyzes the existing yet contradicting laws which give patients the right to accept or refuse care yet do not encompass the rights of those actually delivering the care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Arguments For
Arguments Against
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Consider that the United States healthcare system includes many health plans, physicians, hospitals, clinics, consumers, and public health programs. These entities are all usually focused on life and health recovery. But, the healthcare community also incorporates a very large hospice aspect which is utilized by both insured and uninsured patients that are terminally ill. As our nation's median age of the overall population steadily rises, more Americans will need the services provided by hospice organizations - or, they should be allowed to choose the option of do-not-resuscitate or "Right to Die" as valid approaches to end stage life. Once patients are to a point where they can be assured that there are no possibilities and or options left for curing their fatal disease for example, allowing the end to come more naturally may actually be more humane. This approach relieves many burdens such as when a financial burden is inadvertently put on the surviving family if life is extended artificially."
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Reading Employees' E-mail, 2006.
Discusses the issue of employee email monitoring by employers vs. employee privacy rights.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the significant issues facing employers and their workplaces today which concern the monitoring of employee e-mail and the right to employee privacy. The paper explains why e-mail is, at the same time, a benefit and a burden to a company and looks at why some companies are finding it necessary to monitor employee e-mail. The paper also looks at current laws in place regarding e-mail monitoring and concludes that, ultimately, a company should have the right to look at e-mails written on company time, using company equipment and using company access to the internet.
From the Paper
"E-mail is likely the most frequently used means of communicating in the workplace, and certainly rivals telephone conferences and face-to-face meetings (Feeley pp). E-mail is a relatively new phenomenon, in that it was not so long ago that it was called "electronic mail" and was as foreign a concept as the "information superhighway" (Feeley pp). However, days of anonymity are long gone and today it has become a common and necessary tool used to facilitate communication, especially in the workplace, and in fact, has revolutionized the workplace (Feeley pp)."
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Ethics and Technology, 2005.
This paper discusses ethics and copyright issues with the use of modern technology.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the technology for communication and the open publication of information advances, namely the internet, has raised more questions about issues relating to moral codes of behavior and copyright. The author points out that the advent of the internet has created ethical and practical problems such as copyright and intellectual property rights, piracy, the right to privacy, plagiarism, spam mail and credit card fraud. The paper relates that the real problem lies with the practical day to day understanding of what is meant by intellectual property and how it is being observed and abused online as related to the the application of the Fair Use principle. Many quotations.
From the Paper
"However, another approach to ethics which is very pertinent to the advent of modern dissemination of information by technology is the "rights approach" to ethics. This view of ethics comes from the views of the philosopher Immanuel Kant, among others. This view stresses the choice of the individual and is a perspective which is applicable when investigating ethics on the Internet. For example, from an ethical point of view; the individual has a right to truth and a right to correct and non-fraudulent information. The individual also has the right to privacy and the right to his or her belief and view, as long as they do not violate the rights of others."
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Accounting Scandals, 2006.
Examines the Enron and WorldCom accounting affairs which led many to question the meaning of business ethics.
2,983 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the events leading up to the Enron and WorldCom accounting scandals. It examines the course of these two affairs and the subsequent results. The paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which is considered the most significant change to federal security laws in the United States since the New Deal.
From the Paper
"On August 27, 2003, the State of Oklahoma filed a 15-count indictment against Ebbers. The indictment charged that he violated the state's securities laws by defrauding investors on multiple occasions between January 2001 and March 2002. These charges were dropped, with the right to refile retained, on November 20, 2003. An agreement to extend the statute of limitations on these charges, allowing Oklahoma prosecutors time to see the results of federal sentencing, was signed on March 30, 2005. Federal authorities indicted Ebbers with security fraud and conspiracy charges on March 2, 2004. An amendment to the indictment on May 25, 2004 increased the list of charges to nine felonies: one count each of conspiracy and securities fraud, and seven counts of filing false statements with securities regulators."
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Sports Counseling and Ethics, 2006.
An overview of the code of ethics put together to guide coaches and counsellors regarding the treatment of sports players.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
In counseling or coaching injured athletes, far more than their physical condition must be taken into account. Coaches and other counselors are charged, as well, with attending to the psychological, mental and even spiritual needs of the athlete. Because of this, there are ethical issues inherent in the coaching or counseling relationship. The paper explains that for such reasons, the American Counseling Association and the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology have both put into place codes of ethics that can be used to help prevent abusive counseling/coaching relationships with injured athletes. The paper assesses how coaches and counselors can best assist injured athletes and avoid conflict of interest or other unethical considerations, by looking at the requirements of each code.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Ethics and Standards
American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice
Ethical Principles and Standards of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"While one researcher noted that coaches were prone to act unethically in sending injured players back to the game too soon, it appears more likely that any ethical dilemmas facing athletes and coaches/counselors revolve around coaches failing to understand fully the injuries they might have to deal with regularly, and also failing to exercise the compassion the students in the Sherman study and other expressed a need for. The fact that coaches were seen, in one study, as distant makes it all the more important that we change our minds about what constitutes ethical dilemmas."
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Ethical Behavior and Profitability, 2006.
A brief analysis of the relationship between ethical behavior and profitability with a focus on the Enron scandal.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Enron scandal became one of the most high-profile examples of poor business ethics in the history of the United States. It looks at how the financial breakdown of Enron and the eventual legal prosecution of several key players illustrated that instances companies that lie don't come out ahead. It discusses how business ethics serve as guidelines to what employees and executives should or should not do and how the goals of a business ethic vary from individual to individual, company to company.
From the Paper
"However, a strict deontologist would not survive long in the world of business. A company that always tells the truth is an outright fantasy; any company that starts out without a single white lie to sully its reputation will eventually come into hard times. Lying is sometimes essential for the smooth functioning of a business and to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism is therefore a more practical and more common business ethic than is any deontological perspective."
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Military Integrity, 2006.
An examination of the adverse effects of poor integrity in the military.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The soldier's code that states, to "treat others with dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same," is a vital ingredient of army value. This paper examines how integrity can be defined in a military sense and shows what happens when army personnel lack basic integrity.
From the Paper
"The leadership doctrine of today incorporates this definition in subordinate-centered communication that leads to the achievement of individual and unit goals (army 5-2). For counseling to be effective, leaders must be honest and straightforward in feedback, and through respect, the best form of communication will be found (Army 5-6). Senior NCOs should develop the counseling skills of their subordinate leaders and can achieve this by sitting in on a counseling session or a reception and integration counseling, and then do an AAR with the junior NCO (Army 5-6)."
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Death Penalty as a Deterrent, 2006.
A discussion about whether the death penalty is a real deterrent for violent crimes.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the death penalty continues to be a highly controversial issue with most Americans and its deterrent effect has still not been absolutely determined. This paper concludes that it is clear that the death penalty does serve society quite well under certain circumstances, but in reality, society must begin to understand the reasons why people commit violent crimes and determine how to change a person's violent tendencies which in the end will make the death penalty unnecessary.
From the Paper
"One of the most controversial issues in today's America has to do with the question as to whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent to crime. Many of those that support the death penalty argue that execution, whether by lethal injection, the electric chair or hanging, is the most suitable penalty for persons who have committed atrocious crimes like first-degree murder, rape or the murder of a child. The main contention for these supporters is that the convicted person deserves punishment that is comparable to the crime; in addition, supporters of the death penalty argue that such an action demonstrates society's adherence to moral principles. According to Robert Bidinotto, such crimes as premeditated murder "is a crime in a class by itself," for it "negates the highest moral end of a civil society," being human life (156)."
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