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Chinese Business Communication, 2006.
This paper discusses Chinese business communication and the conduit metaphor.
4,665 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at communication in the Chinese business world and the conduit metaphor. The writer discusses that a global code of general ethics and basic business communication is increasingly being accepted by all countries, regardless of the diversity of their cultures. In this way the same principles of democracy in business have become applicable to all countries from the West to the East of the world. The writer notes that this paradigm is however not without its difficulties and certain business principles, such as the conduit metaphor, are still an acceptable practice within certain countries.
The writer contends that globalization and communication technology thus complicates matters of business communication when two divergent countries attempt to engage in business together.
The writer concludes that it can be understood that Chinese businesses should learn to foster more open and honest communication channels for the sake of corporate survival in the international arena.
From the Paper
"It is of primary importance to accept responsibility for one's business practices in the public eye in order to ensure public trust. This results in sound business practices and more beneficial business for both the company involved and the public they serve. However, any organization, whether corporate or government, that views communication in terms of a conduit metaphor, will hold the incorrect view that certain information can be kept away from public scrutiny. This is so because, according to the conduit metaphor theory, communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter. There is therefore no room for possible human error in either transmitting or receiving the message. It is also irrelevant for the purposes of communication to know whether the transmission occurred via human or electronic means. The theory assumes that successful communication has occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. In other words, information that is put into the right words will be easily communicable. Any extraneous information that follows the correct one can thus be eliminated as unwanted "noise"."
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PSYOPS and War, 2006.
A discussion on the impact of psychological operations on war.
2,714 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the importance of the media in modern PSYOPS during warfare. The paper analyzes how the media can act as a supporting agent contributing to the success or failure of military PSYOPS during war, evidenced by the bountiful images and commentaries medial moguls, including CNN, thrust over television, radio and the news media during war. The paper shows how millions of people use their televisions as a primary method of information acquisition in today's society and, as such, it makes sense that during times of war military agents should reach out to their target audience using this effective and inexpensive form of media. The paper concludes that PSYOPS will prove truly beneficial to the global community of military agents, if they can determine ways to use this tool to keep peace and avoid bloodshed.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
PSYOPS And War
Media, PSYOPS And War
Limitations of PSYOPS
Conclusions/Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Military units not taking advantage of PSYOPS during war are less likely to succeed than their PSYOPS using counterparts. Rather than toiling away like slaves in the battlefield [trope: simile] modern military agents can play mind games and defeat their audience from the comfort of their camp. This paper will discuss the various advantages of psychological operations in war, the tools that military personnel can use to enhance PSYOPS including use of the media, and potential limitations of PSYOP's both in war and ruing peace."
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Artificial Nutrition and Hydration, 2006.
A discussion on the administration of artificial nutrition and hydration to patients.
4,344 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews literature on the debate of administering artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) to terminal or comatose patients. The paper offers an extensive discussion on the opinions of those both for and against administration. It explores the views of science and medicine and expands on religious, moral and ethical ideas on the topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A feeding tube brings benefits to a temporarily ill person who cannot swallow and is hungry or thirsty (FamilyDoctor.org 2005). Dehydration or a lack of sufficient fluids in the body can make a person confused and giving him fluids and nutrition can help as he recovers. But a person with an advanced life-threatening illness and is dying may not derive many benefits from ANH, which can extend life but not always. Moreover, there are risks to tube feeding. The liquid being administered may enter the lungs and cause coughing and pneumonia. These feeding tubes can also cause discomfort. They can get plugged up and cause pain, nausea and vomiting or infections. The patient may also tend to pull the feeding tube out. The patient's medical condition, in combination with the risks and benefits of ANH, should be the basis for a decision on whether to administer it. Every situation is different from another (FamilyDoctor.org)."
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Stem Cell Research, 2006.
This paper discusses stem cell research and issues that such research raises.
2,278 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the controversy surrounding stem cell research and cloning that has caused a great amount of debate and concern throughout the world. The writer notes that stem cell research offers the possibility of renewing body parts and curing life-threatening and debilitating ailments such as Parkinson's disease. At the same time, stem cell research is a problem that confronts human society on many levels - including religious, ethical, psychological and sociological areas.
The writer concludes that the debate about stem cell research seems to fluctuate between two extreme viewpoints. Notwithstanding the various scientific objections, those who object to stem cell research make an important point in that this form of research may have a profound impact on social morals and norms and therefore should not be entered into lightly and without considerable debate. On the other hand, the advances that have been made with regard to stem cell research and the possibilities that it offers for sufferers of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, also offer a telling argument for the cautious advancement of this form of medical research.
From the Paper
"One of the most serious assertions against stem cell research and cloning in general is that it threatens the disruption and even the destruction of human institutions such as the family and parenting. On another related level, cloning is sometimes viewed as a threat to religious perceptions and challenges the very meaning of what it is to be a human being. Stem cell research therefore presents two main areas for debate. The first is the medical argument that it holds the real possibility of curing serious diseases and ailments. On the other hand as part of the larger cloning debate it raises numerous ethical, moral and social questions."
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Business Ethics, 2006.
A discussion of ethical behavior in the work place.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of ethics within business. It begins by discussing ethics in general and how one comes to behave ethically and then focuses on ethics in the business setting. The paper examines the roles of the manger and human resources team in ensuring ethical behavior at work. The paper relates ethics to religion and care of one's fellow man.
From the Paper
"With time, the role of women has gained increasing importance in organizations. Hence people have been looking into sex differences in management and business ethics. Exclusive managerial qualities, skills and a feminine style of management is brought to an organization by a woman. There is a difference in organizational behaviors and interests between a man and a woman and hence their response to a given situation would also be different. A female manager will exhibit different leadership and problem solving qualities than the male counterpart. Some suggest that this is reason good enough to have women as managers. Others say that women are more ethical than men. In a study it was "found that saleswomen were less likely to engage in unethical selling practices than salesmen" (Maureen L. Ambrose and Marshall Schminke, p.454)."
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The Moral Dimensions of Punishment, 2005.
A philosophical and ethics-based debate on the moral justification of punishment by the state.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the moral implications of punishment within the judicial system. The paper focuses on three areas of punishment: capital punishment, imprisonment in maximum security facilities, and the surveillance of sex-offenders. The writer concludes that although the criminal must be held responsible and accountable for his/her crimes against society, as human beings, we should ask ourselves whether or not it is morally right to punish our fellow man, and whether this punishment puts us on the same moral level as a criminal who punishes his victim.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Capital Punishment
Maximum Security Confinement
The Surveillance of Sex Offenders
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More recently, law enforcement officials and state governments have begun surveillance programs for sex offenders in the form of ankle bracelets which monitor their every move or perhaps house arrest with constant video camera surveillance. Since the majority of these sex offenders target children as their victims, the morality of such surveillance is redundant, for it has been shown that surveillance techniques decrease the incidents of sexual crime and thus make our communities safer for children."
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Pornography - A Violence Against Women, 2006.
A look at the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual risk of pornography.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual risk of pornography to women, children and perhaps society at large. This paper also reviews the passionate debate over pornography in contemporary society, the issues of which center on its permissibility, violence, moral significance, and impact on social beliefs and behaviors.
From the Paper
"Since pornography is a pervasive and persistent social phenomenon which generates eight billion dollars per year in the United States alone (Dworkin 28), there can be no doubt that it colors--at least to some degree--the beliefs, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors of its consumers, the overwhelming majority of which are males. Pornography consistently portrays sexual activity within the context of male power, supremacy, and oftentimes violence. Those who recognize this systematic and negative image of women are naturally concerned that it limits female roles and importance in all societal realms. They assert a connection between sexual subjugation in the bedroom with sexual inequality in the office, market, political arena, etc.
As an illustration of this, consider the social stigma attached to rape. Some claim victims deserve it or in fact want it; this is statement is typically uttered by men. It is plausible these reactions to rape have been fostered in part by exposure to pornography; the sexual nature of rape makes the association to pornography quite palpable. However, reflect on the existence of sexual discrimination in the workplace. Despite the fact that change is underway, it is common knowledge women are frequently paid less than men for the same position, all other variables equal. Following the current theme of the discussion, an explanation for gender-based income discrimination stems from the notion that pornography engenders within men a holistic perception of women as inferior beings. Said differently, since men are the powerful figure in pornographic material and given that many men are exposed to it (in one form or another), the subordinate female role is extended into the workplace."
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School Counselors, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of ethical dilemmas faced by school counselors.
6,372 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 43 sources, MLA, £ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates what sorts of ethical dilemmas are currently being faced by school counselors and also what sort of approaches to solving them they have been trained to use. It examines the issue in terms of how it relates to school counselors, students and parents and considers the immense potential for harm vs. the immense potential for abrogation of civil rights.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One--Introduction
Statement of The Problem
Purpose of The Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Rationale of Study
Limitations of Study
Definitions
Chapter Two--Literature Review
Definitions of Ethics and Morals
The state of The Research on Counseling Ethics
Most Common Ethical Dilemmas and Failures
Confidentiality and Minors in Counseling Situations
Chapter Three--Methodology
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Participants
Data Collection
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Mehrhof, Hawes and Ermler (1996) surveyed middle school and secondary school physical education teachers in Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska concerning the educators' perceptions of assistance needed by students and sought from the physical education teacher. Mehrhoff, Hawes and Ermler's results indicated that the most frequent requests for counseling were in the areas of student conflict (98 percent), boyfriend/girlfriend issues (87 percent) and conflicts with parents (87 percent). The three least likely areas for students to request help were with birth control methods (58 percent), criminal behavior (58 percent) and suicidal thoughts (56 percent)."
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Rosa's Ethics, 2006.
Examines what drove Rosa Parks to defy state law and refuse to give up her seat in an Alabama bus in 1955.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
Ever since December 1, 1955 there has been considerable discussion regarding precisely what prompted Rosa Parks to refuse to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus and what the lasting impact upon society has been. Overall, the only context within which such a debate carries any weight is in ethics. The paper shows that if we are attempting to discern whether Parks was justified or not, then we are routinely forced to consider the roles of her motivations and the consequences. It is upon these competing criteria that the notions of consequentialism and nonconsequentialism teeter. The paper shows that it is possible to analyze Parks' actions based upon why she behaved as she did and it is possible to analyze her actions based upon the end results. The paper ranks her actions on an ethical scale based upon precisely who benefited, or upon her individual purpose for refusing to move. It considers the many differing points of view of Rosa Parks' act of defiance.
From the Paper
"Nevertheless, a universal egoist would also have to take into account the benefits that the Civil Rights Movement at large allowed for Rosa Parks. It is permissible that her life was happier because of the achievements of the movement. After all, she may have been harmed or even killed in other racial uprisings. So once again, the universal egoist is plagued by the same problem all consequentialists must address: how can one history be measured against an alternative that never happened? Since it is possible to imagine an infinite number of dreadful courses that Parks' life could have taken, other universal egoists could assert that her action was ethical."
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Case Analysis: Gonzales vs. Oregon, 2006.
A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon".
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon", which is currently being debated at the Supreme Court level. This case stems from the 1994 passage of the Death with Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill and mentally competent individuals to obtain drugs that could be utilized in the state of Oregon. The current debate questions administrative law and whether the former Attorney General John Ashcroft's interpretation of the Federal Control Substance Act to outlaw these drugs is valid and if the Justice Department is overstepping its boundaries.
From the Paper
"Oregon voters approved the legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in November, 1994. After being legally challenged the Oregon PAS law became effective in the latter part of 1987. Since 1998 and through 2004 there have been a total of 208 PAS deaths in the State of Oregon. There are existing concerns with the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and there has been a great debate about the legality and morality of this practice. All levels of American society look harshly upon the thought of the use of drugs or other means to hasten the death of someone even though they may be in excruciating terminal pain however, healthcare modernization has changed the very "character of death and dying." (Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, 2005) The case of Gonzales v. Oregon has arisen out of the debate which is one that is morally charged in nature as well as being the focus of lawsuits in relation to end-of-life decisions. However, this case has been subject to technical legalities and statutory interpretation."
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Medicare Prescription Drugs, 2004.
A review of the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003.
1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003 in the USA. This paper shows that the aim of these reforms is to balance the government's need to protect Medicare recipients and save money, with recipients' needs to receive appropriate treatment. But, as this paper reflects, the need for government intervention in the pricing of pharmaceutical drugs is now a heated debate.
From the Paper
"In recent years, the high cost of medical care in the United States has led to new and heated debate about the need for government intervention in the pricing of pharmaceutical drugs. Pharmaceutical spending has increased perhaps the most of all health care costs, marking about 11% of total health care spending in 2002. That same year, prescription drug spending increased a substantial15%, while other health care spending increased only 9 percent (Kaiser Family Foundation).
Government intervention in the area of pharmaceutical drugs increased with the passage of H.R. 1, The Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003. The Act was passed on December 8th of 2003, and established a voluntary prescription drug benefit under Medicare. In addition, the Act requires an "initial preventive physical examination", and covers a variety of tests, including those for prostate and colorectal cancer, and diabetes. In addition, mammography, pap smears, and vaccinations are covered, among other services (Office of Legislative Policy and Analysis). "
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Ethics and Multinational Marketing, 2006.
A look at ethical multinational marketing, the new approach.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the trend of U.S. and Western companies adopting more ethical marketing tactics and discusses these practices. This paper also reviews the effect this is having on foreign interests who are being forced to follow suit by doing business without bribery and corruption.
From the Paper
"These are particularly important considerations today as companies from one country attempt to project a new presence in a foreign market. During this process, they are inevitably confronted by a number of considerations involving powerful cultural and social differences that might not be readily discernible, but which nevertheless play an important role in how the company's product or service sells and how its business practices are perceived. If a U.S. telecommunications company, for example, wants to establish a presence in the burgeoning Chinese market, or take advantage of the opportunities represented by the increasing affluence of Eastern Europe and Russia, they must conform to all applicable legal and regulatory requirements to legitimately do so. Unfortunately, though, the requirement for doing business in a foreign country does not stop with merely securing all of the legal authority required, it also entails doing business in a locally acceptable fashion. According to a recent article by Peter Wonacott (2005), "In a system lubricated by money, U.S. companies often face pressure to play along. Boston Scientific Corp., a Natick, Massachusetts, medical-devices company, used outside distributors for years even though it suspected them of providing unethical incentives to doctors" (Wonacott, 2005, p. A1). If this means that bribes must be paid in order to land an account, or secure an important import permit, or obtain permission to construct a building, the U.S.-based company is indeed confronted with a dilemma. "
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Firestone/Bridgestone Case, 2006.
A review of the Firestone/Ford controversy of 2000.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Firestone/Ford controversy that was revealed in 2000 by a media report stating that there was an obvious link between the increasing number of roll-over accidents in the United States and Firestone tires. Firestone was asked to voluntarily recall its tires from the market. Three months passed before Firestone responded and since then some 6.5 million tires have been recalled.
Contents:
Overview
Key Issues of the Case
Legal Problems
Ethical Dilemma
Decision-Making Framework
Core Problems
Social, Cultural and Legal
Recommendation/Conclusion
From the Paper
"Social responsibility: Every American Corporation needs to be fully aware of its responsibilities and obligations towards its external and internal stakeholders and this is the inability to understand this that annoys the public. The public believes that profit maximization is the only goal that corporations have in mind and they tend to ignore consumer's interests. But with more consumer enlightenment and stricter laws against defective products, many large corporations are coming under fire and this is leading to tarnished reputations and loss of consumer trust. Most consumers today would go for a company with better reputation than bigger name and this is the reason good crisis management has become a key to success in today's corporate sector. If you truly want to survive a huge blunder, own up to your fault and quickly do something about it. "
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Unborn Victims of Violence, 2006.
A case study of the death of an unborn baby in relation to the "Unborn Victims of Violence Act".
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper comprises of a case study of a victim of violence, Heaven Lashy, the unborn baby girl of Shiwona Prince, Arkansas 1999. This paper researches the history and evolution of the law "Unborn Victims of Violence Act" and explains how a course of debilitating efforts and ironic incidences led to its evolution.
Contents:
Abstract
Case Study
Evolution of Unborn Victims Violence Act
Legal Issues Arising From The Violence Act Against Unborn Victims
What The Future Holds
From the Paper
"Fortunately, a month before this incidence the state of Arkansas had adopted a new State Law by the name of Unborn Victims of Violence Act August 1999. This law recognized unborn children as crime victims and thereby gave a status of living human being to fetuses. Thanks to that law, Shiwona's boyfriend, Erik Bullock and the men he hired were duly prosecuted and convicted for their murder of Heaven along with assault on Shiwona. The law was meant to protect all such Heavens who are unable to protect themselves.
But many women have not been as fortunate as Shiwona. As the March 21, 2001 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association reveals that after doing away with age and race, homicide is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in Maryland while the same is fifth leading cause of death among non-pregnant women. This indicates that the fatal and non-fatal assaults on pregnant women - including those who are attacked knowingly and intentionally "with child", are far more common than most people presume. "
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